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這篇文章主要介紹“怎么使用PostgreSQL 12中的generated columns”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在怎么使用PostgreSQL 12中的generated columns問題上存在疑惑,小編查閱了各式資料,整理出簡單好用的操作方法,希望對大家解答”怎么使用PostgreSQL 12中的generated columns”的疑惑有所幫助!接下來,請跟著小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧!
在其他數(shù)據(jù)庫中,generated columns又被成為計(jì)算列(calculated columns)/虛擬列(virtual columns)等.
簡介
在PG 11或以前的版本中,generated columns是不支持的:
testdb=# drop table if exists t_generated_col; NOTICE: table "t_generated_col" does not exist, skipping DROP TABLE testdb=# create table t_generated_col testdb-# (n1 int, testdb(# n2 int, testdb(# c1 varchar(10), testdb(# c2 varchar(10), testdb(# counter int generated always as (n1 + n2) stored, testdb(# link varchar(20) generated always as (c1 || c2) stored); ERROR: syntax error at or near "(" LINE 6: counter int generated always as (n1 + n2) stored, ^
counter列的值由n1和n2相加而得,而link列的值有c1和c2拼接而得.
在PG 12中,可以支持generated columns
testdb=# drop table if exists t_generated_col; psql: NOTICE: table "t_generated_col" does not exist, skipping DROP TABLE testdb=# create table t_generated_col testdb-# (n1 int, testdb(# n2 int, testdb(# c1 varchar(10), testdb(# c2 varchar(10), testdb(# counter int generated always as (n1 + n2) stored, testdb(# link varchar(20) generated always as (c1 || c2) stored); CREATE TABLE testdb=# insert into t_generated_col(n1,n2,c1,c2) values(1,1,'c1','c2'); INSERT 0 1 testdb=# testdb=# select * from t_generated_col; n1 | n2 | c1 | c2 | counter | link ----+----+----+----+---------+------ 1 | 1 | c1 | c2 | 2 | c1c2 (1 row)
生成列的值由表達(dá)式的值計(jì)算而得,如為null則為null:
testdb=# insert into t_generated_col(n1,n2,c1,c2) values(1,null,'c1',null); INSERT 0 1 testdb=# select * from t_generated_col; n1 | n2 | c1 | c2 | counter | link ----+----+----+----+---------+------ 1 | 1 | c1 | c2 | 2 | c1c2 1 | | c1 | | | (2 rows)
生成列不能被update:
testdb=# update t_generated_col set counter = 10; psql: ERROR: column "counter" can only be updated to DEFAULT DETAIL: Column "counter" is a generated column.
可以創(chuàng)建在其上創(chuàng)建index:
testdb=# create index idx_t_generated_col_counter on t_generated_col(counter); CREATE INDEX
執(zhí)行查詢時(shí),跟普通列沒有什么區(qū)別:
^ testdb=# insert into t_generated_col(n1,n2) select x,0 from generate_series(1,10000) x; INSERT 0 10000 testdb=# testdb=# explain select * from t_generated_col where counter = 1000; QUERY PLAN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Scan using idx_t_generated_col_counter on t_generated_col (cost=0.29..8.30 rows=1 width=23) Index Cond: (counter = 1000) (2 rows)
到此,關(guān)于“怎么使用PostgreSQL 12中的generated columns”的學(xué)習(xí)就結(jié)束了,希望能夠解決大家的疑惑。理論與實(shí)踐的搭配能更好的幫助大家學(xué)習(xí),快去試試吧!若想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)更多相關(guān)知識(shí),請繼續(xù)關(guān)注億速云網(wǎng)站,小編會(huì)繼續(xù)努力為大家?guī)砀鄬?shí)用的文章!
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