CentOS 6.3下快速安裝MongoDB 3.2.1

MongoDB是一個基于分布式文件存儲的數(shù)據(jù)庫。由C++語言編寫。旨在為WEB應(yīng)用提供可擴展的高性能數(shù)據(jù)存儲解決方案。
是一個介于關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù) 庫和非關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的產(chǎn)品，是非關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫當(dāng)中功能最豐富，最像關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的。他支持的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)非常松散，是類似json的bson格式，因此可以存儲 比較復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)類型。Mongo最大的特點是他支持的查詢語言非常強大，其語法有點類似于面向?qū)ο蟮牟樵冋Z言，幾乎可以實現(xiàn)類似關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫單表查詢的絕大 部分功能，而且還支持對數(shù)據(jù)建立索引。

MongoDB 是目前在IT行業(yè)非常流行的一種非關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(NoSql),其靈活的數(shù)據(jù)存儲方式備受當(dāng)前IT從業(yè)人員的青睞。MongoDB很好的實現(xiàn)了面向?qū)ο蟮?思想(OO思想),在MongoDB中 每一條記錄都是一個Document對象。MongoDB最大的優(yōu)勢在于所有的數(shù)據(jù)持久操作都無需開發(fā)人員手動編寫SQL語句,直接調(diào)用方法就可以輕松的 實現(xiàn)CRUD操作。本文介紹了如何快速安裝mongodb供大家參考。

一、安裝配置mongodb
useradd mongodb

Step 1: 設(shè)置系統(tǒng)環(huán)境及確保缺省端口27107可用
###當(dāng)前環(huán)境
cat /etc/issue

# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

Step 2: 下載安裝文件
下載地址： https://www.mongodb.org/downloads.
或者直接在命令提示符下使用curl命令下載
curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.1.tgz

Step 3: 解壓下載的文件
# pwd
/home/mongo
# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.1.gz  ###注，本文直接從網(wǎng)站下載，所以文件為.gz



Step 4: 復(fù)制解壓文件到運行目錄
[mongo@mysql ~]$ pwd
/home/mongo
[mongo@mysql ~]$ mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.1 mongo
[mongo@mysql ~]$ ll
total 55108
drwxrwxr-x. 3 mongo mongo     4096 Jan 11 13:05 mongo
-rw-r-----. 1 mongo mongo 56419937 Jan 21  2016 mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.1.tgz

[mongo@mysql ~]$ 
Step 5: 設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
[mongo@mysql ~]$ vi .bash_profile 
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/mongo/mongo/bin
export PATH

Step 6: 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)目錄
# mkdir -p /data/mongodata

二、啟動及驗證mongodb
###啟動mongo
# mongod --dbpath /home/mongo/mongo/data


###以下內(nèi)容為啟動后輸出的相關(guān)信息
[mongo@mysql ~]$ mongod -dbpath /home/mongo/mongo/data/
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=12579 port=27017 dbpath=/home/mongo/mongo/data/ 64-bit host=mysql
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] db version v3.2.1
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] git version: a14d55980c2cdc565d4704a7e3ad37e4e535c1b2
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] modules: none
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] build environment:
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]     distarch: x86_64
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]     target_arch: x86_64
2016-01-11T13:08:33.684+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/home/mongo/mongo/data/" } }
2016-01-11T13:08:33.725+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=1G,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_max=4),config_base=false,statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=true,archive=true,path=journal,compressor=snappy),file_manager=(close_idle_time=100000),checkpoint=(wait=60,log_size=2GB),statistics_log=(wait=0),
2016-01-11T13:08:33.828+0800 I FTDC     [initandlisten] Initializing full-time diagnostic data capture with directory '/home/mongo/mongo/data/diagnostic.data'
2016-01-11T13:08:33.829+0800 I NETWORK  [HostnameCanonicalizationWorker] Starting hostname canonicalization worker
2016-01-11T13:08:33.844+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
###停止mongo，直接使用ctrl + c
f^C2016-01-11T13:09:46.734+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends
2016-01-11T13:09:46.734+0800 I FTDC     [signalProcessingThread] Shutting down full-time diagnostic data capture
2016-01-11T13:09:46.735+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] now exiting
2016-01-11T13:09:46.735+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
2016-01-11T13:09:46.735+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 5
2016-01-11T13:09:46.735+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 6
2016-01-11T13:09:46.735+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock
2016-01-11T13:09:46.737+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...
2016-01-11T13:09:46.737+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets...
2016-01-11T13:09:46.737+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] WiredTigerKVEngine shutting down
2016-01-11T13:09:46.781+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock...
2016-01-11T13:09:46.781+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] dbexit:  rc: 0


###修復(fù)啟動過程中的兩個警告，關(guān)于使用root用戶啟動mongo的警告先忽略
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

###再次重啟，后置于后臺進(jìn)程，
# mongod --dbpath /home/mongo/mongo/data &

###查看啟動后的進(jìn)程
# ps -ef|grep mongo


###使用mongo連接到mongod
# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.1


> help
        db.help()                    help on db methods
        db.mycoll.help()            help on collection methods
        sh.help()                    sharding helpers
        rs.help()                    replica set helpers
        help admin                  administrative help
        help connect                connecting to a db help
        help keys                    key shortcuts
        help misc                    misc things to know
        help mr                      mapreduce


        show dbs                    show database names
        show collections            show collections in current database
        show users                  show users in current database
        show profile                show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
        show logs                    show the accessible logger names
        show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
        use                 set current database
        db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo
        db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )    list objects in foo where a == 1
        it                          result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
        DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x  set default number of items to display on shell
        exit                        quit the mongo shell
> db.getCollection("version");
test.version
> exit
bye

三、mongodb相關(guān)工具
###在安裝文件下有README，描述了常用的mongodb相關(guān)命令行工具
# more /usr/local/mongodb/README
MongoDB README
Welcome to MongoDB!
COMPONENTS

  bin/mongod - The database process.
  bin/mongos - Sharding controller.
  bin/mongo  - The database shell (uses interactive javascript).

UTILITIES

  bin/mongodump        - MongoDB dump tool - for backups, snapshots, etc..
  bin/mongorestore      - MongoDB restore a dump
  bin/mongoexport      - Export a single collection to test (JSON, CSV)
  bin/mongoimport      - Import from JSON or CSV
  bin/mongofiles        - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS
  bin/mongostat        - Show performance statistics

RUNNING

  For command line options invoke:

    $ ./mongod --help

  To run a single server database:

    $ mkdir /data/db
    $ ./mongod
    $
    $ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default:
    $ ./mongo
    > help

DRIVERS

  Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org.  Use the
  shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks.

###獲取單個命令用法
# --help
# mongod --help|more
Options:

General options:
  -h [ --help ]              show this usage information
  --version                  show version information

# mongod --version
db version v3.2.1
git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2