nginx網(wǎng)站服務(wù)

實(shí)驗(yàn)思路
第一步 安裝及運(yùn)行控制
第二步 配置文件調(diào)整
第三步 狀態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)及虛擬主機(jī)
第四步 LNMP構(gòu)建
第五步 LNMP平臺(tái)部署（上線）web應(yīng)用（網(wǎng)站項(xiàng)目）
2.實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境：
主機(jī) OS IP地址 軟件 說(shuō)明概述
Ctos6-1 Centos6.5 192.168.200.254 ftp及yum源 提供基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境
Ctos6-2 Centos6.5 192.168.200.202 Nginx、mysql、php Nginx網(wǎng)站
3.重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容1： 什么是nginx：
輕量級(jí)HTTP服務(wù)軟件，具有穩(wěn)定性、高效性、低消耗、高并發(fā)連接處理能力的一款專門用于處理靜態(tài)頁(yè)面的web服務(wù)軟件。

重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容2： 安裝及運(yùn)行控制：
1.下載軟件—>安裝依賴包（支持軟件）創(chuàng)建用戶和組—>安裝
2.運(yùn)行控制：
nginx –t ##檢查配置
nginx ##啟動(dòng)
killall –s 信號(hào) nginx ##信號(hào)有HUP重載配置，QUIT退出、KILL殺死
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容3： 配置文件：/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
1.基本格式：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
:%g/^$/d ##刪除空行
:%g/#/d ##刪除包含#號(hào)的行即注釋
配置項(xiàng)格式：關(guān)鍵字 值;
配置包含：全局配置，I/O事件配置(events {配置項(xiàng)})，HTTP配置（http { server { location {} } }）http配置可以有多個(gè)server配置，server配置可以有多個(gè)location配置。
:wq
2.重要配置項(xiàng):
Server_name 網(wǎng)站域名;
Location / {
Root html; ##網(wǎng)站的根目錄
Index index.html; ##指定默認(rèn)首頁(yè)
}
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容4： 訪問(wèn)狀態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)及虛擬主機(jī)：
1.訪問(wèn)狀態(tài)：nginx內(nèi)置HTTP_STUB_STATUS模塊
啟用這個(gè)功能需要兩個(gè)步驟：一是編譯安裝是指定--with-http_stub_status_module，二是修改配置文件。
2.虛擬主機(jī)：nginx支持虛擬主機(jī)（端口、ip、域名）
1）nginx實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬主機(jī)：一個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)一個(gè)server{不同監(jiān)聽(tīng)地址、域名、端口、日志位置、網(wǎng)頁(yè)根目錄}
2）常用虛擬主機(jī)為基于域名虛擬主機(jī)，配置多個(gè)虛擬機(jī)時(shí)只需要添加多個(gè)域名解析同時(shí)設(shè)置多個(gè)server{}配置即可。
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容5： LNMP架構(gòu)及應(yīng)用部署：nginx處理靜態(tài)頁(yè)面，php-fpm處理動(dòng)態(tài)頁(yè)面
1.安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：編譯安裝優(yōu)化調(diào)整初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)啟動(dòng)mysql服務(wù)
2.安裝php：編譯安裝（注意--php-fpm啟用php支持）安裝后調(diào)整添加zendguardloader

3.配置php-fpm（nginx支持php環(huán)境）：一創(chuàng)建php-fpm監(jiān)聽(tīng)TCP/9000端口，二添加nginx轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)php請(qǐng)求到9000端口。
1）創(chuàng)建php-fpm配置文件：
vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf ##fpm配置文件
[global] ##全局配置
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
[www] ##網(wǎng)站配置
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 ##監(jiān)聽(tīng)的ip:端口
user = nginx ##用戶必須是nginx進(jìn)程的用戶
group = nginx
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50 ##啟動(dòng)時(shí)開(kāi)啟的進(jìn)程數(shù)
pm.start_servers= 20 ##最少空閑進(jìn)程數(shù)
pm.min_spare_servers = 5 ##最小空閑進(jìn)程數(shù)
pm.max_spare_servers = 35 ##最多進(jìn)程數(shù)
:wq
2）配置nginx支持PHP解析：兩種方式二選一
方式一：代理的方式（轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)php請(qǐng)求到其他能解析php的主機(jī)）（集群中使用）
Server {
Location ~ .php$ { proxy_pass http://php解析主機(jī)ip:端口 }
}
方式二：調(diào)用php-fpm進(jìn)程（單機(jī)使用）
Server {
Location ~ .php$ { ##匹配URL中php的請(qǐng)求
root html; ##網(wǎng)頁(yè)根目錄
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; ##指定fpm監(jiān)聽(tīng)地址及端口
fastcgi_index index.php; ##指定php首頁(yè)文件
include fastcgi.conf; ##引入fastcgi.conf配置
}
}
4.發(fā)布php應(yīng)用（代碼上線）：下載程序代碼（網(wǎng)頁(yè)項(xiàng)目）并解壓復(fù)制到網(wǎng)頁(yè)根目錄創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并授權(quán)網(wǎng)頁(yè)初始化設(shè)置及訪問(wèn)。

三.項(xiàng)目實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟（操作截圖或者操作命令）
1.安裝及運(yùn)行控制：
1）安裝nginx：192.168.200.202
[root@localhost ~]# lftp 192.168.200.254 ##下載
lftp 192.168.200.254:~> cd tools/
lftp 192.168.200.254:/tools> get nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
802956 bytes transferred
lftp 192.168.200.254:/tools> bye
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel &>/dev/null ##安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ##創(chuàng)建用戶
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ &>/dev/null ##解壓
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.0/
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module &&make &&make install ##安裝
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ ###創(chuàng)建軟鏈接，優(yōu)化命令搜索路徑
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# ls -l /usr/local/sbin/nginx
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 8月 31 17:02 /usr/local/sbin/nginx -> /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# cd
2）運(yùn)行控制：192.168.200.202
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# nginx ##啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -utpln |grep 80 ##驗(yàn)證
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3250/nginx
[root@localhost ~]#
3）使用nginx服務(wù)腳本：
[root@localhost ~]# killall -s H
UP nginx ##重新加載配置文件，相當(dāng)于reload
[root@localhost ~]# killall -s QUIT nginx ##退出，正常結(jié)束
[root@localhost ~]# killall -s KILL nginx ##強(qiáng)制殺死
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash

chkconfig: 35 99 20

description: Nginx Server Control Script

NP="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NPF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in ##$1表示第一位置變量，$0表示腳本本身
start)
$NP;
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "nginx is starting!! "
fi
;;
stop)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $NPF)
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "nginx is stopping!! "
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
kill -s HUP $(cat $NPF)
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "nginx config file is reload! "
fi
;;
)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
:wq
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add nginx ##添加系統(tǒng)服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx ##授權(quán)
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart ##重啟驗(yàn)證
nginx is stopping!!
nginx is starting!!
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -utpln |grep nginx ##查看nginx監(jiān)聽(tīng)端口
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 3277/nginx
[root@localhost ~]#

4）訪問(wèn)驗(yàn)證：
真機(jī)訪問(wèn)驗(yàn)證：192.168.200.202

linux客戶端訪問(wèn)驗(yàn)證：192.168.200.254
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install elinks
[root@localhost ~]# elinks --dump http://192.168.200.202 ##訪問(wèn)
Welcome to nginx!

If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to [1]nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at [2]nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

References

Visible links

1. http://nginx.org/
2. http://nginx.com/
   [root@localhost ~]#

2. 配置文件調(diào)整(配置文件決定服務(wù)的安全性，功能、穩(wěn)定性等配置文件調(diào)整十分重要)
   基本優(yōu)化：
   [root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
   :%g/^$/d
   :%g/#/d
   :set nu
   調(diào)整并發(fā)鏈接數(shù)：
   并發(fā)連接數(shù)=worker_process(工作進(jìn)程數(shù))X worker_connections=2x4096=8192
   1 worker_processes 2;
   2 events {
   3 worker_connections 4096;
   4 }
   10 charset utf-8; ##支持中文字符集，utf-8萬(wàn)國(guó)碼
   16 index index.html index.htm index.php; ##支持php首頁(yè)
   :wq
   [root@localhost ~]# nginx –t ##測(cè)試
   nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
   nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
   [root@localhost ~]#
   [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart
   nginx is stopping!!
   nginx is starting!!
   [root@localhost ~]#
   [root@localhost ~]# ps aux |grep nginx |grep worker |wc -l ##驗(yàn)證工作進(jìn)程數(shù)

3. 狀態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)及虛擬主機(jī)
   1）狀態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)：192.168.200.202
   [root@localhost ~]# nginx –V ##驗(yàn)證安裝是是否加載統(tǒng)計(jì)功能
   nginx version: nginx/1.6.0
   built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC)
   configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
   [root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ##修改配置
   18 location /status {
   19 stub_status on; ##啟用狀態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)
   20 access_log off; #關(guān)閉日志記錄，僅僅是http://ip/status的日志被關(guān)閉
   21 }
   :wq
   [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart
   nginx is stopping!!
   nginx is starting!!
   [root@localhost ~]# elinks --dump http://192.168.200.202/status ##192.168.200.254訪問(wèn)驗(yàn)證
   Active connections: 1（活動(dòng)連接）
   server accepts handled requests（已經(jīng)處理的連接信息） 1（連接數(shù)） 1（成功TCP握手） 1（已處理的請(qǐng)求數(shù)）
   Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
   [root@localhost ~]#

2）虛擬主機(jī)配置：
A.設(shè)置dns解析：192.168.200.254
[root@ns ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named
[root@ns named]# vi ../../etc/named.conf ##最后添加
zone "linuxren.cn." IN {
type master;
file "linuxren.cn.zone";
};
:wq
[root@ns named]# cp linuxfan.cn.zone linuxren.cn.zone
[root@ns named]# sed -i 's/fan/ren/g' linuxren.cn.zone
[root@ns named]# /etc/init.d/named restart
停止 named：. [確定]
啟動(dòng) named： [確定]
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@ns named]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.200.254
nameserver 10.0.0.2
:wq
[root@ns named]# nslookup www.linuxfan.cn
Server: 192.168.200.254
Address: 192.168.200.254#53

Name: www.linuxfan.cn
Address: 192.168.200.202

[root@ns named]# nslookup www.linuxren.cn
Server: 192.168.200.254
Address: 192.168.200.254#53

Name: www.linuxren.cn
Address: 192.168.200.202

[root@ns named]#
B.修改配置文件及準(zhǔn)備測(cè)試目錄：192.168.200.202
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/ ##創(chuàng)建測(cè)試目錄
[root@localhost ~]# echo www.linuxfan.cn >/usr/local/nginx/html/index.html ##創(chuàng)建測(cè)試首頁(yè)
[root@localhost ~]# echo www.linuxren.cn >/var/www/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ##添加如下內(nèi)容，注意行號(hào)
13 server_name www.linuxfan.cn; ##修改網(wǎng)站域名
27 server {
28 listen 80;
29 server_name www.linuxren.cn; ##修改網(wǎng)站域名
30 location / {
31 root /var/www/; ##指定網(wǎng)頁(yè)根目錄
32 index index.html index.htm index.php;
33 }
34 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
35 location = /50x.html {
36 root html;
37 }
38 }
:wq
[root@localhost ~]# nginx –t ##檢查語(yǔ)法
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart ##重啟服務(wù)
nginx is stopping!!
nginx is starting!!
[root@localhost ~]#
C:訪問(wèn)測(cè)試：192.168.200.254
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script
nameserver 192.168.200.254 ##修改原有的nameserver
:wq
[root@localhost ~]# elinks --dump http://www.linuxfan.cn ##訪問(wèn)測(cè)試
www.linuxfan.cn
[root@localhost ~]# elinks --dump http://www.linuxren.cn
www.linuxren.cn
[root@localhost ~]#

4. LNMP構(gòu)建
   1）安裝mysql：192.168.200.202
   [root@localhost ~]# lftp 192.168.200.254
   lftp 192.168.200.254:~> cd tools/
   lftp 192.168.200.254:/tools> get lamp_install_publis-app-2015-07-16.tar.xz
   95811756 bytes transferred in 3 seconds (26.83M/s)
   lftp 192.168.200.254:/tools> bye
   [root@localhost ~]# tar Jxf lamp_install_publis-app-2015-07-16.tar.xz
   [root@localhost ~]# vi bin/mysql_install.sh
   :q
   [root@localhost ~]# vi bin/mysql_config.sh
   :q
   [root@localhost ~]# mysql_install.sh &&mysql_config.sh
   。。。此出省略很多提示。。。
   Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
   mysql root password is 123123
   [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile ##執(zhí)行配置文件
   [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##登錄MySQL驗(yàn)證
   mysql> quit
   Bye
   [root@localhost ~]#
   2）安裝php：192.168.200.202
   [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel &>/dev/null ##安裝依賴包
   [root@localhost ~]# ls php-5.3.28.tar.gz
   php-5.3.28.tar.gz
   [root@localhost ~]# tar zxf php-5.3.28.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
   [root@localhost ~]#
   [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/php-5.3.28/
   [root@localhost php-5.3.28]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-gd --with-zlib --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5 --enable-mbstring --enable-fpm --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib &&make &&make install ##安裝使用--enable-fpm選項(xiàng)啟用fastCGI進(jìn)程管理，以便解析php頁(yè)面
   。。。省略大量提示信息。。。
   You may want to add: /usr/local/php5/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
   [PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.0.4
   [PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.2.1
   /usr/src/php-5.3.28/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php5/bin
   ln -s -f /usr/local/php5/bin/phar.phar /usr/local/php5/bin/phar
   Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php5/include/php/ext/pdo/
   [root@localhost php-5.3.28]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php5/php.ini ##復(fù)制配置文件
   [root@localhost php-5.3.28]# ln -s /usr/local/php5/bin/ /usr/local/bin/ ##優(yōu)化路徑
   [root@localhost php-5.3.28]# ln -s /usr/local/php5/sbin/ /usr/local/sbin/
   [root@localhost php-5.3.28]# cd
   3）安裝zendguardloader：192.168.200.202
   [root@localhost ~]# tar zxf ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
   [root@localhost ~]#
   [root@localhost ~]# cp /root/ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64/php-5.3.x/ZendGuardLoader.so /usr/local/php5/lib/php/ ##注意是一行，復(fù)制模塊文件
   [root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/php5/php.ini ##在最后添加
   zend_extension=/usr/local/php5/lib/php/ZendGuardLoader.so ##指定模塊文件位置
   zend_loader.enable=1 ##啟用zend模塊
   :wq
   4）配置php環(huán)境：?jiǎn)⒂胮hp-fpm:192.168.200.202
   [root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf
   [global]
   pid = run/php-fpm.pid
   [www]
   user = nginx
   group = nginx
   listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
   pm = dynamic
   pm.max_children = 5
   pm.start_servers = 2
   pm.min_spare_servers = 1
   pm.max_spare_servers = 3
   :wq
   [root@localhost ~]#
   [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/sbin/php-fpm ##啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
   [root@localhost ~]# netstat -utpln |grep php
   tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 118437/php-fpm
   [root@localhost ~]#
   5）nginx支持php-fpm：
   [root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
   22 location ~.php$ {
   23 root html;
   24 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
   25 fastcgi_index index.php;
   26 include fastcgi.conf;
   27 }
   :wq
   6）編寫啟動(dòng)LNMP腳本：
   [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/init.d/lnmp
   #!/bin/bash

   chkconfig: 35 95 30

   description: This script is for LNMP Management!

   NGF=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
   NGP=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
   FPMF=/usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm
   FPMP=/usr/local/php5/var/run/php-fpm.pid
   case $1 in
   start)
   $NGF &&echo "nginx is starting! "
   $FPMF && echo "php-fpm is starting! "
   ;;
   stop)
   kill -QUIT $(cat $NGP) &&echo "nginx is stoped! "
   kill -QUIT $(cat $FPMP) &&echo "php-fpm is stoped! "
   ;;
   restart)
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
   reload)
   kill -HUP $(cat $NGP)
   kill -HUP $(cat $FPMP)
   ;;
   status)
   netstat -utpln |grep nginx &>/dev/null
   if [ $? -eq 0 ]
   then
   echo "nginx is running! "
   else
   echo "nginx is not running! "
   fi
   netstat -upltn |grep php-fpm &>/dev/null
   if [ $? -eq 0 ]
   then
   echo "php-fpm is runing! "
   else
   echo "php-fpm is not running! "
   fi
   ;;
   *)
   echo "Usage $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
   exit 1
   ;;
   esac
   :wq
   [root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/lnmp
   [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add lnmp
   [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/lnmp status
   nginx is running!
   php-fpm is runing!
   [root@localhost ~]#
   [root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
   <?php
   $link=mysql_connect('localhost','root','123123');
   if ($link) echo '<h2>恭喜，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接成功了，你牛！';
   mysql_close();
   ?>
   :wq
   [root@localhost ~]#
   訪問(wèn)驗(yàn)證：192.168.200.11（真機(jī)）注意將DNS設(shè)置192.168.200.254

5.LNMP平臺(tái)部署（上線）web應(yīng)用（網(wǎng)站項(xiàng)目）：192.168.200.202
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install unzip ##安裝解壓軟件
[root@localhost ~]# lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn
lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:~> cd tools/
lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:/tools> get SKYUC.v3.4.2.SOURCE.zip ##下載網(wǎng)站項(xiàng)目
8249271 bytes transferred
lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:/tools> bye
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# unzip SKYUC.v3.4.2.SOURCE.zip ##解壓
[root@localhost ~]# cd SKYUC.v3.4.2.SOURCE/
[root@localhost ~]# cp -rf wwwroot /usr/local/nginx/html/skyuc ##復(fù)制項(xiàng)目，也可以用ln命令來(lái)鏈接
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/skyuc ##進(jìn)入目錄
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R nginx:nginx admincp/ data/ templates/ upload/ ##授權(quán)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -s ##登錄mysql
create database skyucdb; ##創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
grant all on skyucdb.* to runskyuc@'localhost' identified by '123123'; ##授權(quán)本地訪問(wèn)
quit;
[root@localhost ~]#
瀏覽器訪問(wèn):http://192.168.200.202/skyuc
web頁(yè)面的操作比較簡(jiǎn)單大家自己完成。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/skyuc ##192.168.200.202上刪除安裝文件
[root@localhost skyuc]# rm -rf install/
[root@localhost skyuc]#
結(jié)果：