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在k8s+jenkins+github+dockerhub環(huán)境中用pipeline部署應(yīng)用

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-08-03 07:00:50 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 閱讀:1213 作者:dongyali521521 欄目:云計(jì)算

用k8s+jenkins+github+dockerhub部署應(yīng)用:
jenkins有兩種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)CI/CD
1、自由風(fēng)格,通過shell代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
2、pipeline流水線,通過jenkins代碼或者jenkinsfile文件實(shí)現(xiàn)
Pipeline 有兩種創(chuàng)建方法:
1、可以直接在 Jenkins 的 Web UI 界面中輸入jenkins代碼;
2、也可以通過創(chuàng)建一個(gè) Jenkinsfile 腳本文件放入項(xiàng)目源碼庫(kù)中

構(gòu)建一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目步驟:
1、在github上新建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目
2、在本地將項(xiàng)目克隆下來
3、編寫代碼,dockerfile,jenkinsfile,部署該應(yīng)用的yaml文件
4、將項(xiàng)目代碼push到github上
5、使用jenkins實(shí)現(xiàn)CI/CD
示例:
1、在github上新建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目nginx-demo(略)
2、克隆代碼到本地192.168.1.244
$ git clone https://github.com/dongyali521521/nginx-demo
除了第一次clone,以后每次clone都要先刪除原項(xiàng)目再clone
$ rm -rf nginx-demo
3、修改代碼
$ cd nginx-demo/
$ vim index.html
4、將修改后的代碼push到github
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "2222"
$ git push #需要輸入github的用戶名和密碼
5、在jenkins中新建任務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)CI/CD

一般情況下,除了應(yīng)用程序代碼之外,dockerfile,jenkinsfile和部署該應(yīng)用的yaml文件都放在源碼中一起管理。
一個(gè)項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)至少包括如下文件:都需要在實(shí)現(xiàn)CI/CD前準(zhǔn)備好
$ cd nginx-demo/
$ ls
Dockerfile Jenkinsfile xxx.yaml index.html README.md

在k8s中使用jenkins實(shí)現(xiàn)CI/CD(pipeline方式)又包括如下步驟:
1、從git hub把項(xiàng)目克隆到j(luò)enkins slave pod的工作目錄/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/pipeline-name
2、測(cè)試
3、使用Dockerfile構(gòu)建鏡像
4、把構(gòu)建的鏡像push到docker hub上
5、修改yaml文件中的鏡像名為剛才構(gòu)建的鏡像
6、在k8s集群中部署應(yīng)用
以上步驟的代碼可以在jenkins master的任務(wù)配置界面輸入,也可以寫入Jenkinsfile文件在項(xiàng)目源碼庫(kù)中管理
前4步屬于CI階段,最后兩步屬于CD階段

Jenkins Pipeline 有幾個(gè)核心概念:
Node:節(jié)點(diǎn),一個(gè) Node 就是一個(gè) Jenkins 節(jié)點(diǎn),Master 或者 slave
Stage:階段,一個(gè) Pipeline 可以劃分為若干個(gè) Stage,每個(gè) Stage 代表一組操作
Step:步驟,Step 是最基本的操作單元,可以是打印一句話,也可以是構(gòu)建一個(gè) Docker 鏡像

用jenkins代碼模擬CI/CD步驟
新建任務(wù)----名字----流水線
在流水線腳本中輸入如下內(nèi)容----保存立即構(gòu)建

node('dongyali-jnlp') {
    stage('Clone') {
      echo "1.Clone Stage"
    }
    stage('Test') {
      echo "2.Test Stage"
    }
    stage('Build') {
      echo "3.Build Docker Image Stage"
    }
    stage('Push') {
      echo "4.Push Docker Image Stage"
    }
    stage('YAML') {
      echo "5. Change YAML File Stage"
    }
    stage('Deploy') {
      echo "6. Deploy Stage"
    }
}

假設(shè)項(xiàng)目nginx-demo已經(jīng)開發(fā)完畢,并上傳到了git hub上
文件包括:
Dockerkfile k8s.yaml index.html README.md
k8s.yaml是部署該應(yīng)用的文件
$ cd nginx-demo/
$ cat Dockerfile

FROM docker.io/nginx
MAINTAINER dongyali
ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g","daemon off;"]

$ cat k8s.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-demo
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: dongyali521521/nginx-demo:<BUILD_TAG>
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: nginx-demo
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-demo
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx-demo
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    name: myapp-http

如果不指定namespace,默認(rèn)會(huì)把應(yīng)用部署到k8s集群的kube-ops空間,因?yàn)閖enkins slave pod運(yùn)行在kube-ops空間內(nèi)。

下面開始在jenkins中部署上述項(xiàng)目:
因?yàn)槊看蝕it commit之后都要構(gòu)建鏡像重新部署應(yīng)用,所以采用git commit的記錄作為鏡像的 tag
為了安全,把構(gòu)建的鏡像push到docker hub上時(shí),需要輸入加密的用戶名和密碼
憑據(jù)----Stores scoped to Jenkin下面的Jenkins----全局憑據(jù)----添加憑據(jù):
用戶名:docker hub的用戶名
密碼:輸入docker hub的用戶密碼
ID:dockerHub,可以隨便寫,后面要用
在CD階段開始之前需要人工干預(yù),以便于部署到用戶選擇的環(huán)境
http://192.168.1.243:30003
新建任務(wù)----名字----流水線
在流水線腳本中輸入如下內(nèi)容----保存立即構(gòu)建

node('dongyali-jnlp') {
    stage('Clone') {
        echo "1.Clone Stage"
        git url: "https://github.com/dongyali521521/nginx-demo.git"
        script {
            build_tag = sh(returnStdout: true, script: 'git rev-parse --short HEAD').trim()
        }
    }
    stage('Test') {
      echo "2.Test Stage"
    }
    stage('Build') {
        echo "3.Build Docker Image Stage"
        sh "docker build -t dongyali521521/nginx-demo:${build_tag} ."
    }
    stage('Push') {
        echo "4.Push Docker Image Stage"
        withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: 'dockerHub', passwordVariable: 'dockerHubPassword', usernameVariable: 'dockerHubUser')]) {
            sh "docker login -u ${dockerHubUser} -p ${dockerHubPassword}"
            sh "docker push dongyali521521/nginx-demo:${build_tag}"
        }
    }
    stage('Deploy') {
        echo "5. Deploy Stage"
        def userInput = input(
            id: 'userInput',
            message: 'Choose a deploy environment',
            parameters: [
                [
                    $class: 'ChoiceParameterDefinition',
                    choices: "Dev\nQA\nProd",
                    name: 'Env'
                ]
            ]
        )
        echo "This is a deploy step to ${userInput}"
        sh "sed -i 's/<BUILD_TAG>/${build_tag}/' k8s.yaml"
        if (userInput == "Dev") {
            // deploy dev stuff
        } else if (userInput == "QA"){
            // deploy qa stuff
        } else {
            // deploy prod stuff
        }
        sh "kubectl apply -f k8s.yaml --record"
    }
}

每次構(gòu)建,都會(huì)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)新的jenkins slave pod
查看部署情況:
$ kubectl get pod
nginx-demo-65f6f679c6-5ljvd 1/1 Running 0 34m
nginx-demo-65f6f679c6-p4g6m 1/1 Running 0 34m
nginx-demo-65f6f679c6-xr7mx 1/1 Running 0 34m
$ kubectl get svc
nginx-demo NodePort 10.103.13.141 <none> 80:30185/TCP 18h
http://http://192.168.1.243:30185/

下面再使用jenkinsfile文件來部署應(yīng)用
在項(xiàng)目目錄nginx-demo下增加一個(gè)Jenkinsfile文件,并上傳到git hub上
$ cd nginx-demo/
$ cat Jenkinsfile

node('dongyali-jnlp') {
    stage('Prepare') {
        echo "1.Prepare Stage"
        checkout scm
        script {
            build_tag = sh(returnStdout: true, script: 'git rev-parse --short HEAD').trim()
        }
    }
    stage('Test') {
      echo "2.Test Stage"
    }
    stage('Build') {
        echo "3.Build Docker Image Stage"
        sh "docker build -t dongyali521521/nginx-demo:${build_tag} ."
    }
    stage('Push') {
        echo "4.Push Docker Image Stage"
        withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: 'dockerHub', passwordVariable: 'dockerHubPassword', usernameVariable: 'dockerHubUser')]) {
            sh "docker login -u ${dockerHubUser} -p ${dockerHubPassword}"
            sh "docker push dongyali521521/nginx-demo:${build_tag}"
        }
    }
    stage('Deploy') {
        echo "5. Deploy Stage"
        def userInput = input(
            id: 'userInput',
            message: 'Choose a deploy environment',
            parameters: [
                [
                    $class: 'ChoiceParameterDefinition',
                    choices: "Dev\nQA\nProd",
                    name: 'Env'
                ]
            ]
        )
        echo "This is a deploy step to ${userInput}"
        sh "sed -i 's/<BUILD_TAG>/${build_tag}/' k8s.yaml"
        if (userInput == "Dev") {
            // deploy dev stuff
        } else if (userInput == "QA"){
            // deploy qa stuff
        } else {
            // deploy prod stuff
        }
        sh "kubectl apply -f k8s.yaml --record"
    }
}

由于Jenkinsfile和其他代碼都在git hub源碼庫(kù)中,所以第一步就不需要再clone了,改為checkout scm

然后在jenkins配置任務(wù)界面選擇:
流水線----pipeline腳本from SCM
SCM:git
Repository URL:https://github.com/dongyali521521/nginx-demo
Credentials:無
保存構(gòu)建即可。

再測(cè)試一個(gè)項(xiàng)目
$ git clone https://github.com/dongyali521521/jenkins-demo.git
$ cd jenkins-demo
$ ls
Dockerfile k8s.yaml main.go README.md
$ cat Dockerfile

FROM golang:1.8.0-alpine

ADD . /go/src/app

WORKDIR /go/src/app

RUN GOOS=linux GOARCH=386 go build -v -o /go/src/app/jenkins-app

CMD ["./jenkins-app"]

$ cat main.go

package main

// Import the fmt for formatting strings
// Import os so we can read environment variables from the system
import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, Kubernetes!I'm from Jenkins CI!4444")
    fmt.Println("BRANCH_NAME:", os.Getenv("branch"))
}

$ cat k8s.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: jenkins-demo
  namespace: default
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: jenkins-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: dongyali521521/jenkins-demo:<BUILD_TAG>
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: jenkins-demo
        env:
        - name: branch
          value: <BRANCH_NAME>

$ git add .
$ git commit -m "4444"
$ git push
新建任務(wù)----名字----流水線
在流水線腳本中輸入如下內(nèi)容----保存立即構(gòu)建

node('dongyali-jnlp') {
    stage('Clone') {
        echo "1.Clone Stage"
        git url: "https://github.com/dongyali521521/jenkins-demo.git"
        script {
            build_tag = sh(returnStdout: true, script: 'git rev-parse --short HEAD').trim()
        }
    }
    stage('Test') {
      echo "2.Test Stage"
    }
    stage('Build') {
        echo "3.Build Docker Image Stage"
        sh "docker build -t dongyali521521/jenkins-demo:${build_tag} ."
    }
    stage('Push') {
        echo "4.Push Docker Image Stage"
        withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: 'dockerHub', passwordVariable: 'dockerHubPassword', usernameVariable: 'dockerHubUser')]) {
            sh "docker login -u ${dockerHubUser} -p ${dockerHubPassword}"
            sh "docker push dongyali521521/jenkins-demo:${build_tag}"
        }
    }
    stage('Deploy') {
        echo "5. Deploy Stage"
        def userInput = input(
            id: 'userInput',
            message: 'Choose a deploy environment',
            parameters: [
                [
                    $class: 'ChoiceParameterDefinition',
                    choices: "Dev\nQA\nProd",
                    name: 'Env'
                ]
            ]
        )
        echo "This is a deploy step to ${userInput}"
        sh "sed -i 's/<BUILD_TAG>/${build_tag}/' k8s.yaml"
        if (userInput == "Dev") {
            // deploy dev stuff
        } else if (userInput == "QA"){
            // deploy qa stuff
        } else {
            // deploy prod stuff
        }
        sh "kubectl apply -f k8s.yaml --record"
    }
}

$ kubectl get pod
jenkins-demo-67db45cf6c-mjdl4 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 3 65s
$ kubectl logs jenkins-demo-67db45cf6c-mjdl4
Hello, Kubernetes!I'm from Jenkins CI!4444
BRANCH_NAME:

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