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小編給大家分享一下python實(shí)現(xiàn)單例模式的方法,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大所收獲,下面讓我們一起去探討方法吧!
Python單例模式的4種實(shí)現(xiàn)方法:
#-*- encoding=utf-8 -*- print '----------------------方法1--------------------------' #方法1,實(shí)現(xiàn)__new__方法 #并在將一個(gè)類的實(shí)例綁定到類變量_instance上, #如果cls._instance為None說明該類還沒有實(shí)例化過,實(shí)例化該類,并返回 #如果cls._instance不為None,直接返回cls._instance class Singleton(object): def __new__(cls, *args, **kw): if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'): orig = super(Singleton, cls) cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw) return cls._instance class MyClass(Singleton): a = 1 one = MyClass() two = MyClass() two.a = 3 print one.a #3 #one和two完全相同,可以用id(), ==, is檢測(cè) print id(one) #29097904 print id(two) #29097904 print one == two #True print one is two #True print '----------------------方法2--------------------------' #方法2,共享屬性;所謂單例就是所有引用(實(shí)例、對(duì)象)擁有相同的狀態(tài)(屬性)和行為(方法) #同一個(gè)類的所有實(shí)例天然擁有相同的行為(方法), #只需要保證同一個(gè)類的所有實(shí)例具有相同的狀態(tài)(屬性)即可 #所有實(shí)例共享屬性的最簡(jiǎn)單最直接的方法就是__dict__屬性指向(引用)同一個(gè)字典(dict) #可參看:http://code.activestate.com/recipes/66531/ class Borg(object): _state = {} def __new__(cls, *args, **kw): ob = super(Borg, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kw) ob.__dict__ = cls._state return ob class MyClass2(Borg): a = 1 one = MyClass2() two = MyClass2() #one和two是兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象,id, ==, is對(duì)比結(jié)果可看出 two.a = 3 print one.a #3 print id(one) #28873680 print id(two) #28873712 print one == two #False print one is two #False #但是one和two具有相同的(同一個(gè)__dict__屬性),見: print id(one.__dict__) #30104000 print id(two.__dict__) #30104000 print '----------------------方法3--------------------------' #方法3:本質(zhì)上是方法1的升級(jí)(或者說高級(jí))版 #使用__metaclass__(元類)的高級(jí)python用法 class Singleton2(type): def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict): super(Singleton2, cls).__init__(name, bases, dict) cls._instance = None def __call__(cls, *args, **kw): if cls._instance is None: cls._instance = super(Singleton2, cls).__call__(*args, **kw) return cls._instance class MyClass3(object): __metaclass__ = Singleton2 one = MyClass3() two = MyClass3() two.a = 3 print one.a #3 print id(one) #31495472 print id(two) #31495472 print one == two #True print one is two #True print '----------------------方法4--------------------------' #方法4:也是方法1的升級(jí)(高級(jí))版本, #使用裝飾器(decorator), #這是一種更pythonic,更elegant的方法, #單例類本身根本不知道自己是單例的,因?yàn)樗旧?自己的代碼)并不是單例的 def singleton(cls, *args, **kw): instances = {} def _singleton(): if cls not in instances: instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kw) return instances[cls] return _singleton @singleton class MyClass4(object): a = 1 def __init__(self, x=0): self.x = x one = MyClass4() two = MyClass4() two.a = 3 print one.a #3 print id(one) #29660784 print id(two) #29660784 print one == two #True print one is two #True one.x = 1 print one.x #1 print two.x #1
看完了這篇文章,相信你對(duì)python實(shí)現(xiàn)單例模式的方法有了一定的了解,想了解更多相關(guān)知識(shí),歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
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