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是一種輕量級(jí)的“虛擬機(jī)”
在Linux容器里運(yùn)行應(yīng)用的開源工具
?虛擬機(jī)是在一臺(tái)物理機(jī)器上,利用虛擬化技術(shù),虛擬出來多個(gè)操作系統(tǒng),每個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)之間是隔離的。Docker是開源的應(yīng)用容器引擎,依然需要先在電腦上安裝操作系統(tǒng),然后安裝Docker容器的管理器,才可以。虛擬機(jī)是在硬件級(jí)別進(jìn)行虛擬化,而Docker是在操作系統(tǒng)的層面虛擬化;虛擬機(jī)是通過模擬硬件搭建操作系統(tǒng)
打包應(yīng)用程序簡化部署
可脫離底層硬件任意遷移
例:服務(wù)器從騰訊云遷移到阿里云
鏡像
容器
倉庫
使用curl獲得docker的安裝腳本進(jìn)行安裝
使用yum倉庫來安裝docker
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y \
> yum-utils \ ##設(shè)置源工具
> device-mapper-persistent-data \ ##映射工具
> lvm2 ##映射工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
##加載阿里云鏡像源
[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce -y ##安裝docker容器
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service ##關(guān)閉防火墻
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker ##開啟docker容器
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker ##開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep docker ##查看docker進(jìn)程是否開啟
[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx ##搜索公有鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx ##下載鏡像
##沒有加速速度會(huì)很慢,所以要進(jìn)行鏡像加速
[root@localhost ~]# docker version ##查看版本
登錄阿里云網(wǎng)站--控制臺(tái)--產(chǎn)品服務(wù)--容器鏡像服務(wù)--鏡像加速器--選擇centos
[root@localhost ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' ##進(jìn)行鏡像加速
> {
> "registry-mirrors": ["https://3a8s9zx5.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
> }
> EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://3a8s9zx5.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload ##重載守護(hù)進(jìn)程
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker ##重啟docker服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx ##下載nginx鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images ##查看下載的鏡像信息
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATE SIZE
nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect f7bb5701a33c ##查看鏡像信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:web ##添加新標(biāo)簽
[root@localhost ~]# docker images ##查看鏡像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
nginx web f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
##重新生成一個(gè)鏡像,原有的不會(huì)消失
[root@localhost ~]# docker images | grep web ##查看標(biāo)簽為web的鏡像
nginx web f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi nginx:web ##刪除鏡像,或者直接跟ID號(hào)
Untagged: nginx:web
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# docker save -o nginx nginx:latest ##存出鏡像
[root@localhost opt]# ls
containerd nginx rh
[root@localhost opt]# scp /opt/nginx root@192.168.13.129:/opt/
##遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)制到129服務(wù)器上
[root@localhost opt]# docker load < nginx ##載入鏡像
##或者使用docker load --input 存出文件名
[root@localhost opt]# docker images ##查看鏡像信息
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
[root@localhost opt]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:web ##修改標(biāo)簽
[root@localhost opt]# docker login ##登錄docker(你需要注冊(cè))
Username: ##用戶名
Password: ##密碼
[root@localhost opt]# docker push nginx:web ##上傳公有倉庫
[root@localhost opt]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash ##基于鏡像創(chuàng)建一個(gè)容器
##-i讓容器的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入保持打開,-t讓docker分配一個(gè)偽終端
36fdfb0925ba040c094d585d70a3481bd450c7d39e6636ceeb10b5c1b9743593
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##-a列出最近一次啟動(dòng)的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
36fdfb0925ba nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Created mystifying_dijkstra
[root@localhost opt]# docker start 36fdfb0925ba ##開啟容器
36fdfb0925ba
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##查看此時(shí)容器狀態(tài)為開啟
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
36fdfb0925ba nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 16 minutes ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp mystifying_dijkstra
[root@localhost opt]# docker search centos7 ##查看找centos7鏡像
[root@localhost opt]# docker pull paigeeworld/centos7 ##下載鏡像
[root@localhost opt]# docker images ##查看鏡像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
nginx web f7bb5701a33c 4 days ago 126MB
paigeeworld/centos7 latest 4cbe7aa905e7 5 years ago 382MB
[root@localhost opt]# docker create -it paigeeworld/centos7 /bin/bash ##創(chuàng)建容器
c48649c8cee9124cb456be4f93882e6dff16f88ba45051731138142d99293dfe
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##查看容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c48649c8cee9 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Created relaxed_curran
36fdfb0925ba nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 24 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago mystifying_dijkstra
[root@localhost opt]# docker start c48649c8cee9 ##開啟容器
c48649c8cee9
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##查看容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c48649c8cee9 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 34 seconds ago Up 7 seconds relaxed_curran
36fdfb0925ba nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 24 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago
[root@localhost opt]# docker run paigeeworld/centos7 /usr/bin/bash -c ls /
##docker run直接下載鏡像,創(chuàng)建容器,并開啟,進(jìn)入容器執(zhí)行命令,退出
bin
boot
dev
etc
home
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##查看容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c48649c8cee9 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes relaxed_curran
[root@localhost opt]# docker exec -it c48649c8cee9 /bin/bash
##進(jìn)入容器(必須為開啟狀態(tài))
bash-4.2# ls /
bin dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
boot etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
bash-4.2# exit ##退出容器
exit
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##此時(shí)容器狀態(tài)還是開啟的狀態(tài)
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c48649c8cee9 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes relaxed_curran
[root@localhost opt]# docker stop c48649c8cee9 ##關(guān)閉容器
c48649c8cee9
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##此時(shí)容器為退出狀態(tài)
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c48649c8cee9 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -d paigeeworld/centos7 /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello;done"
##持續(xù)在后臺(tái)執(zhí)行,-d在后臺(tái)進(jìn)行運(yùn)行
398f3d27f36b7f59a2167a71e71f61064e4e9a0808dfa13404caec0280a0b9c2
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##查看容器一直是開啟狀態(tài)
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
398f3d27f36b paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds
[root@localhost opt]# docker export 36fdfb0925ba > nginx_c ##容器導(dǎo)出
[root@localhost opt]# ls
containerd nginx nginx_c rh
[root@localhost opt]# scp /opt/nginx_c root@192.168.13.129:/opt/ ##遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)制到另一臺(tái)虛擬機(jī)
##到另一臺(tái)虛擬機(jī)上
[root@localhost opt]# ls
containerd nginx nginx_c rh
[root@localhost opt]# cat nginx_c | docker import - nginx:web ##容器導(dǎo)入
##會(huì)生成鏡像而不會(huì)創(chuàng)建容器
sha256:1488d058197863aedd46d289eeb11dc39f19a2b855c3ecf383331a4d0bac568c
[root@localhost opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx web 1488d0581978 5 seconds ago 125MB
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a | awk '{print "docker rm "$1}' | bash
##批量刪除容器
通過--cpu-quota選項(xiàng)來限制cpu的使用率
通過修改配置文件cpu.cfs_quota_us實(shí)現(xiàn)
docker run --cpu-shares 1024 容器A
docker run --cpu-shares 1024 容器B
docker run --cpu-shares 2048 容器C
[root@localhost opt]# docker run --cpu-quota 20000 nginx:latest ##設(shè)置20%限定
[root@localhost opt]# cd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/docker/
[root@localhost opt]# cat cpu.cfs_quota_us
-1
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -itd --name c1 --cpu-shares 512 paigeeworld/centos7
##創(chuàng)建容器c1設(shè)置權(quán)重,使得c1和c2的cpu資源占比為33.3%和66.7%
ec4ab03a7969eebe4746cfe67184bc2c6f9c97e81b22bc2ffab452820a78a0a7
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -itd --name c2 --cpu-shares 1024 paigeeworld/centos7
c688b014329c6a33b0d66947f4489a1a1cb6febc321090ecb4a82b68ae6df250
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##查看容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c688b014329c paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute c2
ec4ab03a7969 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute c1
[root@localhost opt]# docker run --name c3 --cpuset-cpus 0,1 paigeeworld/centos7
##限制容器使用指定的cpu
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a ##查看容器的信息
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
751409a81682 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 8 seconds ago Exited (0) 7 seconds ago c3
[root@localhost opt]# docker run --name c5 -m 512m paigeeworld/centos7
##內(nèi)存使用限制
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8c3101668345 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Exited (0) 4 seconds ago c5
--device-read-bps:限制某個(gè)設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)量
--device-write-bps:限制寫入某個(gè)設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)量
--device-read-iops:限制讀某個(gè)設(shè)備的次數(shù)
--device-write-iops:限制寫入某個(gè)設(shè)備的次數(shù)
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -d --device-write-bps /dev/sda:30mb paigeeworld/centos7
方便查看容器內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)
多容器間實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享
數(shù)據(jù)卷
數(shù)據(jù)卷容器
數(shù)據(jù)卷是一個(gè)提供容器使用的特殊目錄
數(shù)據(jù)卷容器就是一個(gè)普通的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos ##下載鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -v /var/www:/data1 --name web1 -it centos /bin/bash
##關(guān)聯(lián)宿主機(jī)和容器的共享
[root@2483bee94f1a /]# cd data1/
[root@2483bee94f1a data1]# echo "123" > test01.txt
[root@2483bee94f1a data1]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/test01.txt
123
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web100 -v /data1 -v /data2 -it centos /bin/bash
##創(chuàng)建一個(gè)web100容器并分別有兩個(gè)卷為data1,2
[root@ba6a328c068e /]# cd data1/
[root@ba6a328c068e data1]# echo "111" > 111.txt ##分別在目錄中寫入內(nèi)容
[root@ba6a328c068e data1]# cd ../data2/
[root@ba6a328c068e data2]# echo "222" > 222.txt
[root@ba6a328c068e data2]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --volumes-from web100 -it centos /bin/bash
##將新容器掛載數(shù)據(jù)卷容器web100
[root@3f64be49dadd /]# cat data1/111.txt
111
[root@3f64be49dadd /]# cat data2/222.txt
222
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