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Spring MVC會(huì)根據(jù)請(qǐng)求方法的簽名不同,將請(qǐng)求消息中的信息以一定的方式轉(zhuǎn)換并綁定到請(qǐng)求方法的參數(shù)中。
1.文件上傳
文件上傳,必須將表單的method設(shè)置為POST,并將enctype設(shè)置為multipart/form-data。只有這樣,才能將文件的二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給服務(wù)器。
Spring 3.0規(guī)范提供了方法來處理文件上傳,但是這種上傳需要在Servlet中完成。而Spring MVC封裝了上傳功能,使用了Apache Commons FileUpload技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)MultipartResolver實(shí)現(xiàn)類。
Spring MVC依賴的組件包
xml配置
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize"> <value>10485760</value> </property> <property name="defaultEncoding"> <value>UTF-8</value> </property> </bean>
后臺(tái)代碼
新建上傳FileModel
public class FileDataModel implements Serializable { private String filename; private MultipartFile file; public String getFilename() { return filename; } public void setFilename(String filename) { this.filename = filename; } public MultipartFile getFile() { return file; } public void setFile(MultipartFile file) { this.file = file; } }
Controller代碼
@Controller @RequestMapping("file") public class FileController { @RequestMapping("upload") public String upload() { return "upload"; } @RequestMapping(value = "upload", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String uoload(FileDataModel fileDataModel, HttpServletRequest request, Model model) { FileResult fileResult = new FileResult(); try { if (fileDataModel.getFilename().isEmpty() || fileDataModel.getFile() == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("上傳文件名稱為空或者無上傳文件"); String filePath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/files"); String filename = fileDataModel.getFile().getOriginalFilename(); File savePath = new File(filePath, filename); if (!savePath.getParentFile().exists()) savePath.getParentFile().mkdir(); fileDataModel.getFile().transferTo(new java.io.File(filePath + java.io.File.separator + filename)); fileResult.setTitle("上傳成功"); fileResult.setMessage("上傳成功"); fileResult.setSuccess(true); } catch (Exception ex) { fileResult.setTitle("上傳失?。?); fileResult.setMessage(ex.getMessage()); } model.addAttribute("fileResult", fileResult); return "fileresult"; } }
前臺(tái)JSP頁(yè)面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Upload</title> </head> <body> <form action="/file/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <table> <tr> <td>文件描述:</td> <td><input type="text" name="filename"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td>請(qǐng)選擇文件:</td> <td><input type="file" name="file"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <input type="submit" value="上傳"/> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
1.1Spring MVC的MultipartFile的常用方法
獲取文件數(shù)據(jù)
1.[] getBytes() throws IOException;
獲取文件的MIME類型,如image/jpeg等
2.String getContentType();
獲取文件流
3.InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException;
獲取表單中文件組件的名字
4.String getName();
獲取上傳文件的原名
5.String getOriginalFilename();
獲取文件的字節(jié)大小,單位為byte
6.long getSize();
是否有上傳的文件
7.boolean isEmpty();
將上傳文件保存到一個(gè)目標(biāo)文件中
8.void transferTo(File dest) throws IOException, IllegalStateException;
2.文件下載
Spring MVC提供了一個(gè)ResponseEntity類型,使用它可以很方便的定義返回的HttpHeader和HttpStatus
@RequestMapping("download") public ResponseEntity<byte[]> download(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam("filename") String filename, Model model) { ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = null; try { String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/files"); String realPath = path + File.separator + filename; File file = new File(realPath); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); String downFileName = new String(filename.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1"); //通知瀏覽器以attachment(下載方式)打開圖片 headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", downFileName); //以二進(jìn)制流數(shù)據(jù)方式進(jìn)行下載 headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM); responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file), headers, HttpStatus.CREATED); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } return responseEntity;
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>${requestScope.fileResult.title}</title> </head> <body> <h2>${requestScope.fileResult.message}</h2><br/> <a href="/file/download?filename=${requestScope.fileResult.fileName}" rel="external nofollow" >${requestScope.fileResult.fileName}</a> </body> </html>
3.攔截器
Interceptor攔截器是Spring MVC中相當(dāng)重要的功能,它的功能作用是攔截用戶的請(qǐng)求并進(jìn)行相對(duì)應(yīng)的處理。比如通過攔截器進(jìn)行用戶權(quán)限驗(yàn)證,或者判斷用戶是否已經(jīng)登錄等。
Spring MVC 攔截器是可插拔式的設(shè)計(jì)。如果需要使用某個(gè)攔截器,只需要在配置文件中應(yīng)用攔截器即可。
3.1 HandlerInterceptor接口
Spring MVC中的Interceptor攔截器請(qǐng)求是通過實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口來完成的。
3.2實(shí)現(xiàn)攔截器
1.自定義類實(shí)現(xiàn)Spring的HandlerInterceptor接口
重要接口
該請(qǐng)求方法將在請(qǐng)求處理之前被調(diào)用。這個(gè)方法的作用是對(duì)進(jìn)行調(diào)用方法前進(jìn)行一些前置初始化操作,進(jìn)行判斷用戶請(qǐng)求是否可以進(jìn)行下去。當(dāng)方法返回false的時(shí)候,后續(xù)的Interceptor及Controller都不會(huì)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。
boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception;
該方法是在perHandle返回true時(shí),在調(diào)用目標(biāo)方法處理之后,在返回視圖之前調(diào)用。這時(shí)候我們可以針對(duì)Controller處理之后的ModelAndView對(duì)象進(jìn)行操作。
void postHandle( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception;
該方法是在整個(gè)請(qǐng)求處理結(jié)束之后,也就是在DispatcherServlet渲染了對(duì)應(yīng)的視圖之后執(zhí)行。主要用于清理資源。
void afterCompletion( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception;
2.自定義類繼承HandlerInterceptorAdapter
代碼演示
實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor
public class AuthorizationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { /** * 不攔截用戶登錄頁(yè)面及注冊(cè)頁(yè)面 */ private static final String[] IGNORE_URI = {"user/login", "user/signup"}; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { boolean flag = false; String servletPath = request.getServletPath(); for (String url : IGNORE_URI) { if (servletPath.contains(url)) { flag = true; break; } } if (!flag) { User user = (User) request.getSession().getAttribute("user"); if (user == null) { request.setAttribute("message", "請(qǐng)先登錄再訪問網(wǎng)站"); request.getRequestDispatcher("user/login").forward(request, response); } else flag = true; } return flag; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { } }
xml配置
<mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/home/index"/> <bean class="utils.AuthorizationInterceptor"/> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
當(dāng)訪問home/index的時(shí)候需要進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證
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