怎么在Android中利用SharedPreferences實現(xiàn)存儲

發(fā)布時間：2020-12-05 16:39:42 來源：億速云閱讀：135 作者：Leah 欄目：移動開發(fā)

怎么在Android中利用SharedPreferences實現(xiàn)存儲？很多新手對此不是很清楚，為了幫助大家解決這個難題，下面小編將為大家詳細講解，有這方面需求的人可以來學習下，希望你能有所收獲。

SharedPreferences 特點

即便是Android小白都知道的SharedPreferences的用法，這是保存數(shù)據(jù)最簡便的方法，但是不處理好的話后期維護將是一個巨大的坑。那么該如何處理好SharedPreferences才方便維護呢。先從它的特點開始入手吧。

通過Context.getSharedPreferences()獲取的SharedPreferences是一個單例
SharedPreferences.edit()每次都會創(chuàng)建一個新的編輯對象，commit()之前一切改動都無效
SharedPreferences的具體實現(xiàn)并不在公開API內，創(chuàng)建方法只有通過Context獲取。具體實現(xiàn)我們不去研究，通過Log打印每次獲取的對象都是同一個，同樣的方法可知道每次edit()都會得到不同的對象。

難以維護的 SharedPreferences

SharedPreference userPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences("UserInfo", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
userPreferences.edit()
  .putString("id", "myId")
  .putString("name", "myName")
  .putString("head", "myHead")
  .commit();
Log.e("id", userPreferences.getString("id",""));
Log.e("name", userPreferences.getString("name",""));
Log.e("head", userPreferences.getString("head",""));

如上一段SharedPreferences保存和讀取的方法非常簡便，正因此才不易維護，可能因為寫錯Key而找不出問題所在，當然一般我們都會把Key寫成靜態(tài)常量。但隨著項目增大，可能需要多處修改用戶信息，每次都要一個個put(), 除了寫著厭煩看著難受，當遇到需要增加或減少字段時也非常不便。

SharedPreferences 該這么寫

如果能保留原有寫法，又能規(guī)范方法那是最好不過了，看下SharedPreferences的接口方法并不多，很容易就寫個包裝類封裝下。

import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * SharedPreferences 包裝類
 * Created by wittytutu on 17-3-29.
 */

public class PreferencesWrapper implements SharedPreferences {

  protected SharedPreferences mPreferences;

  public PreferencesWrapper(SharedPreferences preferences) {
    mPreferences = preferences;
  }

  @Override
  public Map getAll() {
    return mPreferences.getAll();
  }

  @Nullable
  @Override
  public String getString(String key, @Nullable String defValue) {
    return mPreferences.getString(key, defValue);
  }

  @Nullable
  @Override
  public Set getStringSet(String key, @Nullable Set defValues) {
    return mPreferences.getStringSet(key, defValues);
  }

  @Override
  public int getInt(String key, int defValue) {
    return mPreferences.getInt(key, defValue);
  }

  @Override
  public long getLong(String key, long defValue) {
    return mPreferences.getLong(key, defValue);
  }

  @Override
  public float getFloat(String key, float defValue) {
    return mPreferences.getFloat(key, defValue);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean getBoolean(String key, boolean defValue) {
    return mPreferences.getBoolean(key, defValue);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean contains(String key) {
    return mPreferences.contains(key);
  }

  @Override
  public EditorWrapper edit() {
    return new EditorWrapper(mPreferences.edit());
  }

  @Override
  public void registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener listener) {
    mPreferences.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(listener);
  }

  @Override
  public void unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener listener) {
    mPreferences.unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(listener);
  }

  public static class EditorWrapper implements Editor {
    protected Editor mEditor;

    public EditorWrapper(Editor editor) {
      mEditor = editor;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper putString(String key, @Nullable String value) {
      mEditor.putString(key, value);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper putStringSet(String key, @Nullable Set values) {
      mEditor.putStringSet(key, values);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper putInt(String key, int value) {
      mEditor.putInt(key, value);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper putLong(String key, long value) {
      mEditor.putLong(key, value);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper putFloat(String key, float value) {
      mEditor.putFloat(key, value);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper putBoolean(String key, boolean value) {
      mEditor.putBoolean(key, value);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper remove(String key) {
      mEditor.remove(key);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public EditorWrapper clear() {
      mEditor.clear();
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean commit() {
      return mEditor.commit();
    }

    @Override
    public void apply() {
      mEditor.apply();
    }
  }
}

接下來的使用就簡單了

public class UserInfoPreferences extends PreferencesWrapper {
  private static final String NAME = "UserInfo";

  public static final KEY_ID = "id"
  public static final KEY_NAME = "name";
  public static final KEY_HEAD = "head";
  public static final KEY_SEX = "sex";

  private static volatile UserInfoPreferences mPreferences;

  public static UserInfoPreferences getInstance(Context context){
    if(mPreferences == null) {
      synchronized (UserInfoPreferences.class){
        if(mPreferences == null) {
          SharedPreferences preferences = context.getApplicationCtontext().getShaedPreferences(NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
          mPreferences = new UserInfoPreferences(preferences);
        }
      }
    }
    return mPreferences;
  }

  public UserInfoPreferences(SharedPreferences preferences) {
    super(preferences);
  }

  // 獲取用戶信息
  public UserInfo getUserInfo(){
    String id = mPreferences.getString(KEY_ID, "");
    String name = mPreferences.getString(KEY_NAME, "");
    String head = mPreferences.getString(KEY_HEAD, "");
    return new UserInfo(id, name, head);
  }

  @Override
  public Editor edit(){
    return new Editor(mPreferences.edit());
  }

  public static class Editor extends EditorWrapper {

    public Editor(SharedPreferences.Editor editor) {
      super(editor);
    }

    // 保存用戶信息
    public Editor putUserInfo(String id, String name, String head) {

      mEditor.putString(KEY_ID, id)
          .putString(KEY_AME, name)
          .putString(KEY_HEAD, head);
      return this;
    }

    // 清空用戶信息
    public Editor clearUserInfo() {

      mEditor.remove(KEY_ID)
          .remove(KEY_NAME)
          .remove(KEY_HEAD);
      return this;
    }
  }
}

調用即方便擴展，也保留了原有方法。

UserInfoPreferences preferences = UserInfoPreferences.getInstance(context);
preferences.edit()
  .clearUserInfo()
  .putUserInfo("myId", "myName", "myHead")
  .putInt(KEY_SEX, 0)
  .commit();
UserInfo userInfo = preferences.getUserInfo();
int sex = preferences.getInt(KEY_SEX, 0);

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