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屬性級(jí)別注解
添加方式:
寫(xiě)在屬性字段上面
寫(xiě)在屬性的get訪(fǎng)問(wèn)器的上面
@Id
必須,定義了映射到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表的主鍵的屬性,一個(gè)實(shí)體類(lèi)可以有一個(gè)或者多個(gè)屬性被映射為主鍵,可置于主鍵屬性或者getXxx()前,注意:如果有多個(gè)屬性定義為主鍵屬性,該實(shí)體類(lèi)必須實(shí)現(xiàn)serializable接口
@SequenceGenerator
@GeneratedValue
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType,generator=""):可選,用于定義主鍵生成策略
strategy表示主鍵生成策略,取值有:
GenerationType.AUTO:根據(jù)底層數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)自動(dòng)選擇(默認(rèn))
GenerationType.INDENTITY:根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的Identity字段生成
GenerationType.SEQUENCE:使用Sequence來(lái)決定主鍵的取值
GenerationType.TABLE:使用指定表來(lái)決定主鍵取值,結(jié)合@TableGenerator使用
@Column
@Column-可將屬性映射到列,使用該注解來(lái)覆蓋默認(rèn)值,@Column描述了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中該字段的詳細(xì)定義,這對(duì)于根據(jù)JPA
注解生成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表結(jié)構(gòu)的工具非常有作用。
常用屬性:
name:可選,表示數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中該字段的名稱(chēng),默認(rèn)情形屬性名稱(chēng)一致
nullable:可選,表示該字段是否允許為null,默認(rèn)為true
unique:可選,表示該字段是否為唯一標(biāo)識(shí),默認(rèn)為false
length:可選,表示該字段的大小,僅對(duì)String類(lèi)型的字段有效,默認(rèn)值225,主鍵不能使用默認(rèn)值
insertable:可選,表示在ORM框架執(zhí)行插入操作時(shí),該字段是否應(yīng)出現(xiàn)INSERTRT語(yǔ)句中,默認(rèn)為true
updateable:可選,表示在ORM框架執(zhí)行更新操作時(shí),該字段是否應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在UPDATE語(yǔ)句中,默認(rèn)為true。對(duì)于已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建
就不可以更改的字段,該屬性非常有用
@Embedded
@Embedded是注釋屬性的,表示該屬性的類(lèi)是嵌入類(lèi)。
注意:同時(shí)嵌入類(lèi)也必須標(biāo)注@Embeddable注解
@EmbeddedId
@EmbeddedId使用嵌入式主鍵類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)合主鍵
注意:嵌入式主鍵類(lèi)必須實(shí)現(xiàn)Serializable接口、必須有默認(rèn)的public無(wú)參數(shù)的構(gòu)造方法、必須覆蓋equals和hashCode方法
@Lob
@Version
@Basic
@Transient
可選,表示該屬性并非一個(gè)到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表的字段的映射,ORM框架將忽略該屬性,如果一個(gè)屬性并非數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表的字段映射,就
務(wù)必將其標(biāo)示為@Transient,否則ORM框架默認(rèn)其注解為@Basic
實(shí)例:
hibernate.properties配置:
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <!-- <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate_struts_stumanager</property> --> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mypage</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">false</property> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property> <!-- <property name="hibernate_current_session_context_class">thread</property> --> <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> <mapping class="com.entity.Students"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
實(shí)體類(lèi)Student:
package com.entity; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Embedded; import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId; import javax.persistence.Entity;//JPA注解 import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; import javax.persistence.Transient; import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator; /* * 學(xué)生實(shí)體類(lèi) */ //@Entity// //@Entity(name="t_students")//如果不添加名字,則默認(rèn)與實(shí)體類(lèi)名字相同,如果想要自行設(shè)置表明,就需要自己進(jìn)行添加 @Entity @Table(name="t_students1",schema="mypage") public class Students implements Serializable{ @Id // @GeneratedValue // @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)//與@GeneratedValue結(jié)果相同,字符串類(lèi)型不能指定為AUTO類(lèi)型 // private int sid; //學(xué)號(hào) // @GeneratedValue(generator="sid") // @GenericGenerator(name="sid",strategy="assigned") // @Column(length=11) // private String sid; @EmbeddedId private StudentPK pk; // @Id // // @Column(length=11) private String sname;//姓名 private String gender;//性別 private Date birthday;//出生日期 private String major;//專(zhuān)業(yè) private Address add; @Transient //表示該字段不會(huì)被ORM映射到表里的字段 private double salary;//薪水 public Students(){ } public Students(StudentPK pk, String sname, String gender, Date date, String major,Address add,double salary) { // super(); this.pk = pk; this.sname = sname; this.gender = gender; this.birthday = date; this.major = major; this.add = add; this.salary = salary; } public StudentPK getPk() { return pk; } public void setPk(StudentPK pk) { this.pk = pk; } public String getSname() { return sname; } public void setSname(String sname) { this.sname = sname; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public String getMajor() { return major; } public void setMajor(String major) { this.major = major; } public Address getAdd() { return add; } public void setAdd(Address add) { this.add = add; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(double salary) { this.salary = salary; } }
StudentPK實(shí)體類(lèi):
package com.entity; import java.io.Serializable; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Embeddable; @Embeddable public class StudentPK implements Serializable{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Column(length=18) private String id;//身份證號(hào) @Column(length=8) private String sid;//學(xué)號(hào) public StudentPK(){ } public StudentPK(String id, String sid) { this.id = id; this.sid = sid; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getSid() { return sid; } public void setSid(String sid) { this.sid = sid; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return super.equals(obj); } @Override public int hashCode() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return super.hashCode(); } }
地址類(lèi):
package com.entity; import javax.persistence.Embeddable; import javax.persistence.Embedded; // 地址類(lèi) @Embeddable //表示是一個(gè)嵌入類(lèi),這個(gè)類(lèi)的對(duì)象在另一個(gè)實(shí)體類(lèi)中充當(dāng)屬性 public class Address { private String postCode;//郵編 private String address;//地址 private String phone;//聯(lián)系電話(huà) public Address(){ } public Address(String postCode, String address, String phone) { this.postCode = postCode; this.address = address; this.phone = phone; } public String getPostCode() { return postCode; } public void setPostCode(String postCode) { this.postCode = postCode; } @Embedded public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } }
測(cè)試類(lèi):
package com.entity; import java.util.Date; import java.util.EnumSet; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder; import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport; import org.junit.Test; public class TestStudents { @Test public void testShemaExport(){ //創(chuàng)建hibernate配置對(duì)象 Configuration config = new Configuration().configure(); //創(chuàng)建服務(wù)注冊(cè)對(duì)象 ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry(); //生成SessionFactory SessionFactory sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(config); export.create(true,true); } @Test public void addStudents(){ //創(chuàng)建hibernate配置對(duì)象 Configuration config = new Configuration().configure(); //創(chuàng)建服務(wù)注冊(cè)對(duì)象 ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry(); //生成SessionFactory SessionFactory sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); //創(chuàng)建會(huì)話(huà) Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); //創(chuàng)建事務(wù) Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Address add = new Address("700005","河南理工大學(xué)","15039117115"); StudentPK pk = new StudentPK("012345678912345678","55555555"); Students s = new Students(pk,"張三豐","男",new Date(),"太極拳",add,7899); session.save(s); tx.commit(); // SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(config); // export.create(true,true); } }
總結(jié)
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