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分享一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的java爬蟲框架

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-09-07 19:24:10 來源：腳本之家 閱讀：169 作者：qq_35488769 欄目：編程語言

反復(fù)給網(wǎng)站編寫不同的爬蟲邏輯太麻煩了,自己實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)小框架

可以自定義的部分有:

請(qǐng)求方式(默認(rèn)為Getuser-agent為谷歌瀏覽器的設(shè)置),可以通過實(shí)現(xiàn)RequestSet接口來自定義請(qǐng)求方式

儲(chǔ)存方式(默認(rèn)儲(chǔ)存在f盤的html文件夾下),可以通過SaveUtil接口來自定義保存方式

需要保存的資源(默認(rèn)為整個(gè)html頁面)

篩選方式(默認(rèn)所有url都符合要求),通過實(shí)現(xiàn)ResourseChooser接口來自定義需要保存的url和資源頁面

實(shí)現(xiàn)的部分有:

html頁面的下載方式,通過HttpClient實(shí)現(xiàn)html頁面的下載

html頁面的解析部分,通過jsoup實(shí)現(xiàn)html頁面的解析

HtmlDownloader類,用于根據(jù)一個(gè)url下載一個(gè)html頁面

package DownloadPackage;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
/*
 * 根據(jù)一個(gè)url下載一個(gè)html頁面
 */
public class HtmlDownloader {
	RequestSet requestset = null;
	public HtmlDownloader(RequestSet requestset){
		this.requestset = requestset;
	}
	public String downloadhtml(String url){
		String html = null;
		//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)客戶端
		//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)讀取流從entity讀取html
		BufferedReader reader = null;
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		HttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			response = httpclient.execute(requestset.getMethod(url));
			HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(entity.getContent()));
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			while((html = reader.readLine()) != null){
				sb.append(html);
			}
			html = sb.toString();
			System.out.println("一個(gè)html頁面獲取成功");
		}
		catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println(url+"連接失敗");
		}
		finally{
			if(reader != null){
				try {
					reader.close();
					httpclient.close();
				}
				catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		return html;
	}
}

UrlGet類,用于根據(jù)一個(gè)html頁面獲得所有的url連接

package DownloadPackage;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
public class UrlGet {
	public LinkedList<String> geturls(String html){
		LinkedList<String> urls = new LinkedList<String>();
		Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
		Elements links = doc.getElementsByTag("a");
		for (Element link:links){
			String url = link.attr("href");
			urls.add(url);
		}
		return urls;
	}
}

資源選擇接口,需要實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)方法,第一是isNeed方法,判斷url是否為需要的,第二個(gè)是isResourse方法,判斷url頁面是不是需要的資源頁面,第三個(gè)是process方法,

有時(shí)網(wǎng)頁上的url是我們需要的但是格式不對(duì),對(duì)url進(jìn)行加工

package ChoosePackage;
public interface ResourseChooser {
	public Boolean isNeed(String url);
	public Boolean isResourse(String url);
	public String process(String url);
}

RequsetSet類,用于自定義請(qǐng)求方法的接口,實(shí)現(xiàn)getMethod方法獲取請(qǐng)求方法

package DownloadPackage;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
/*
 * 一個(gè)用于獲得Request請(qǐng)求的接口
 * 實(shí)現(xiàn)getMethod方法獲取Get方法
 */
public interface RequestSet {
	public HttpGet getMethod(String url);
}
Saveutil接口用于自定義保存方式,需要實(shí)現(xiàn)save方法
package SaveUtil;
/*
 * 數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存的工具接口,必須實(shí)現(xiàn)保存方法
 */
public interface SaveUtil {
	public void save(String url,String html);
}

Spider類,有五中構(gòu)造方法,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)多種自定義操作,其中實(shí)現(xiàn)了上述自定義接口的默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)類

package Spider;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import ChoosePackage.MyResourseChooser;
import ChoosePackage.ResourseChooser;
import DownloadPackage.HtmlDownloader;
import DownloadPackage.RequestSet;
import DownloadPackage.UrlGet;
import SaveUtil.MySaveUtil;
import SaveUtil.SaveUtil;
/*
 * 用于爬取資源的類
 */
public class Spider{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Spider("http://www.bilibili.net").spiderstart();
	}
	//種子url
	String seed = null;
	//用于保存數(shù)據(jù)的類,需要自己實(shí)現(xiàn)
	private SaveUtil saveutil = null;
	//html下載類
	private HtmlDownloader downloader = null;
	//url下載類
	private UrlGet urldownloader = null;
	//資源選擇工具
	private ResourseChooser resoursechooser = null;
	//用于保存未下載的網(wǎng)頁
	LinkedList<String> unvisited = new LinkedList<String>();
	//用于保存已下載的網(wǎng)頁
	HashSet<String> visited = new HashSet<String>();
	//自定義儲(chǔ)存方式,請(qǐng)求方式,資源篩選方式的構(gòu)造方法
	public Spider(SaveUtil saveutil,RequestSet request,ResourseChooser resoursechooser,String seed){
		this.saveutil = saveutil;
		this.downloader = new HtmlDownloader(request);
		this.urldownloader = new UrlGet();
		this.resoursechooser = resoursechooser;
		this.seed = seed;
		unvisited.add(seed);
	}
	//自定義儲(chǔ)存方式,資源篩選方式的構(gòu)造方法
	public Spider(SaveUtil saveutil,ResourseChooser resoursechooser,String seed){
		this.resoursechooser = resoursechooser;
		this.downloader = new HtmlDownloader(new getRequest());
		this.saveutil = saveutil;
		this.urldownloader = new UrlGet();
		this.seed = seed;
		unvisited.add(seed);
	}
	//自定義儲(chǔ)存方式,請(qǐng)求的構(gòu)造方法
	public Spider(SaveUtil saveutil,RequestSet requestset,String seed){
		this.saveutil = saveutil;
		this.downloader = new HtmlDownloader(requestset);
		this.resoursechooser = new MyResourseChooser();
		this.urldownloader = new UrlGet();
		this.seed = seed;
		unvisited.add(seed);
	}
	//自定義儲(chǔ)存方式的構(gòu)造方法
	public Spider(SaveUtil saveutil,String seed){
		this.saveutil = saveutil;
		this.downloader = new HtmlDownloader(new getRequest());
		this.resoursechooser = (new MyResourseChooser());
		this.urldownloader = new UrlGet();
		this.seed = seed;
		unvisited.add(seed);
	}
	//默認(rèn)的爬蟲構(gòu)造方法
	public Spider(String seed){
		this.saveutil = new MySaveUtil();
		this.downloader = new HtmlDownloader(new getRequest());
		this.resoursechooser = (new MyResourseChooser());
		this.urldownloader = new UrlGet();
		this.seed = seed;
		unvisited.add(seed);
	}
	//開始爬取的方法
	private void spiderstart(){
		String html = null;
		while(!unvisited.isEmpty()){
			String url = unvisited.poll();
			System.out.println("開始獲取"+url);
			if(resoursechooser.isNeed(url)){
				try{
					html = downloader.downloadhtml(url);
				}
				catch(RuntimeException e){
					System.out.println(url+"連接獲取失敗");
					continue;
				}
				visited.add(url);
				LinkedList<String> urls = new LinkedList<String>();
				try{
					urls = urldownloader.geturls(html);
				}
				catch(RuntimeException e){
					System.out.println(url+"的html頁面為空");
					continue;
				}
				Iterator<String> it = urls.iterator();
				while(it.hasNext()){
					String newurl = it.next();
					if(resoursechooser.isNeed(newurl)&&!visited.contains(newurl)&&!unvisited.contains(newurl)){
						newurl = resoursechooser.process(newurl);
						unvisited.add(newurl);
						System.out.println(newurl+"加入頁面");
					}
				}
				System.out.println("獲取了"+url+"上的所有url");
				if(resoursechooser.isResourse(url)){
					saveutil.save(url,html);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	//默認(rèn)資源篩選類
	private class MyResourseChooser implements ResourseChooser{
		@Override
		public Boolean isNeed(String url) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			if(!url.startsWith("/")&&!url.startsWith("http")){
				return false;
			}
			return true;
		}
		@Override
		public Boolean isResourse(String url) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			return true;
		}
		@Override
		public String process(String url) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			if(!url.startsWith("http")){
				url = seed+url;
			}
			return url;
		}
	}
	public class getRequest implements RequestSet{
		public HttpGet getMethod(String url) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)get請(qǐng)求方法
			HttpGet getmethod = new HttpGet(url);
			//HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("124.88.67.81",80);這里不設(shè)置代理IP
			//設(shè)置請(qǐng)求超時(shí)時(shí)間等 
			RequestConfig responseconfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(10000).setConnectTimeout(10000).setSocketTimeout(10000).build();
			//設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭,主要是user-agent
			getmethod.addHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36");
			//設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
			getmethod.setConfig(responseconfig);
			return getmethod;
		}
	}
	//默認(rèn)的存儲(chǔ)類
	public class MySaveUtil implements SaveUtil{
		@Override
		public void save(String url, String html) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			String filename = getfilename(url);
			BufferedWriter writer = null;
			try{
				writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(filename));
				writer.write(html);
				writer.flush();
				System.out.println("文件寫入成功");
			}
			catch(IOException e){
				System.out.println("文件寫入失敗");
			}
			finally{
				try {
					if(writer != null)
					writer.close();
				}
				catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					System.out.println("流關(guān)閉失敗");
				}
			}
		}
		private String getfilename(String url){
			String fileparentpath = "f://html";
			File file = new File(fileparentpath);
			if(!file.exists()){
				file.mkdir();
			}
			int last = url.lastIndexOf(".");
			int first = url.indexOf(".");
			url = url.substring(first,last);
			url = url.replaceAll("\\.", "");
			url = url.replaceAll("/", "");
			return fileparentpath+"/"+url+".txt";
		}
	}
}

總結(jié)

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