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關(guān)于Spring-IoC的簡(jiǎn)單使用參考:
spring ioc的簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)例及bean的作用域?qū)傩越馕?/strong>
1、通過(guò)set方法注入不同數(shù)據(jù)類型
測(cè)試類代碼(set方式注入的屬性一定要加set方法)
/**通過(guò)set方法注入示例*/ public class IoC_By_Set { /**注入Integer類型參數(shù)*/ private Integer id; /**注入String類型參數(shù)*/ private String name; /**注入實(shí)體Bean*/ private User user; /**注入數(shù)組*/ private Object[] array; /**注入List集合*/ private List<Object> list; /**注入Set集合*/ private Set<Object> set; /**注入Map鍵值對(duì)*/ private Map<Object, Object> map; /**注入properties類型*/ private Properties properties; /**注入空字符串*/ private String emptyValue; /**注入null值*/ private String nullValue = ""; /**檢測(cè)注入的屬性是否全部正確*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if(id == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("id:" + id); } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(name == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("name:" + name); } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(user == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("Bean:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(array == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("array:"); for (Object object : array) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(list == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("list:"); for (Object object : list) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(set == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("set:"); for (Object object : set) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(map == null) { return false; } else { Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = map.entrySet(); System.out.println("map:"); for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue()); } } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(properties == null) { return false; } else { Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = properties.entrySet(); System.out.println("properties:"); for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue()); } } System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(!"".equals(emptyValue)) return false; System.out.println("--------------------------"); if(!(null == nullValue)) return false; System.out.println("--------------------------"); System.out.println("全部正確!??!"); return true; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } public void setArray(Object[] array) { this.array = array; } public void setList(List<Object> list) { this.list = list; } public void setSet(Set<Object> set) { this.set = set; } public void setMap(Map<Object, Object> map) { this.map = map; } public void setProperties(Properties properties) { this.properties = properties; } public void setEmptyValue(String emptyValue) { this.emptyValue = emptyValue; } public void setNullValue(String nullValue) { this.nullValue = nullValue; } }
applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- set方式注入 --> <bean id="ioC_By_Set" class="com.bc.ioc.demo01.IoC_By_Set"> <!-- 注入id屬性 --> <property name="id" value="1"/> <!-- 使用<![CDATA[]]>標(biāo)記處理XML特 殊字符 --> <property name="name"> <!-- 也可以使用P&G --> <value><![CDATA[P&G]]></value> </property> <!-- 定義內(nèi)部Bean注入 --> <property name="user"> <bean class="com.bc.pojo.User"> <property name="id" value="1"/> <property name="userName" value="內(nèi)部Bean"/> <property name="passWord" value="233"/> </bean> </property> <!-- 注入數(shù)組類型 --> <property name="array"> <array> <!-- 定義數(shù)組元素 --> <value>array01</value> <value>array02</value> <value>array03</value> </array> </property> <!-- 注入List類型 --> <property name="list"> <list> <!-- 定義list中元素 --> <value>list01</value> <value>list02</value> <value>list03</value> </list> </property> <!-- 注入Set類型 --> <property name="set"> <set> <!-- 定義set中元素 --> <value>set01</value> <value>set02</value> <value>set03</value> </set> </property> <!-- 注入Map類型 --> <property name="map"> <map> <!-- 定義map中的鍵值對(duì) --> <entry> <key> <value>mapKey01</value> </key> <value>mapValue01</value> </entry> <entry> <key> <value>mapKey02</value> </key> <value>mapValue02</value> </entry> </map> </property> <!-- 注入properties類型 --> <property name="properties"> <props> <!-- 定義properties中的鍵值對(duì) --> <prop key="propKey1">propValue1</prop> <prop key="propKey2">propValue2</prop> </props> </property> <!-- 注入空字符串 --> <property name="emptyValue"> <value></value> </property> <!-- 注入null值 --> <property name="nullValue"> <null/> </property> </bean>
測(cè)試代碼
public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void SetTest() { IoC_By_Set ioc = (IoC_By_Set) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Set"); ioc.checkAttr(); } }
控制臺(tái)結(jié)果:
id:1 -------------------------- name:P&G -------------------------- Bean:1|內(nèi)部Bean|233 -------------------------- array: array01 array02 array03 -------------------------- list: list01 list02 list03 -------------------------- set: set01 set02 set03 -------------------------- map: mapKey01|mapValue01 mapKey02|mapValue02 -------------------------- properties: propKey2|propValue2 propKey1|propValue1 -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- 全部正確?。?!
2、通過(guò)構(gòu)造方法注入各種類型屬性
注意:使用JDK1.8版本請(qǐng)將spring相關(guān)jar包升級(jí)到4.x版本以上,否則不兼容構(gòu)造方法注入
測(cè)試類代碼
/** 通過(guò)構(gòu)造方法注入示例 */ public class IoC_By_Constructor { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; private List<Object> list; public IoC_By_Constructor() { } public IoC_By_Constructor(Integer id, String name, User user, List<Object> list) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.user = user; this.list = list; } /**檢查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if(id == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("id:" + id); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if(name == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("name:" + name); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if(user == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if(list == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("list:"); for (Object object : list) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println("----------------------------"); System.out.println("全部正確?。?!"); return true; } }
applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 構(gòu)造方法注入 演示幾種類型--> <bean id="ioC_By_Constructor" class="com.bc.ioc.demo02.IoC_By_Constructor"> <!-- 注入Integer屬性,可以選擇使用index指定參數(shù)位置,也可以選擇使用type指定參數(shù)類型 --> <constructor-arg index="0" value="1" type="java.lang.Integer"/> <!-- 注入字符串 --> <constructor-arg value="P&G"/> <!-- 注入對(duì)象 --> <constructor-arg> <!-- 內(nèi)建對(duì)象 --> <bean class="com.bc.pojo.User"> <constructor-arg value="1"/> <constructor-arg value="構(gòu)造內(nèi)部Bean"/> <constructor-arg value="666"/> </bean> </constructor-arg> <!-- 注入集合 --> <constructor-arg> <list> <value>list01</value> <value>list02</value> <value>list03</value> </list> </constructor-arg> </bean>
測(cè)試代碼:
public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void constructorTest() { IoC_By_Constructor ioc = (IoC_By_Constructor) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Constructor"); ioc.checkAttr(); } }
控制臺(tái)結(jié)果:
id:1 ---------------------------- name:P&G ---------------------------- user:1|構(gòu)造內(nèi)部Bean|666 ---------------------------- list: list01 list02 list03 ---------------------------- 全部正確?。。?/pre>
3、自動(dòng)注入(自動(dòng)裝配)
自動(dòng)裝配雖然能節(jié)省一些代碼但是不推薦使用
測(cè)試類代碼:
/**自動(dòng)裝配注入*/ public class IoC_By_Auto { private User user; /**檢查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if(user == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println("正確?。?!"); return true; } /**自動(dòng)裝配的屬性需要設(shè)置set方法*/ public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }
applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 被自動(dòng)裝配獲取的bean --> <bean id="user" class="com.bc.pojo.User"> <property name="id" value="1"/> <property name="userName" value="自動(dòng)裝配"/> <property name="passWord" value="233"/> </bean> <!-- 自動(dòng)裝配的bean autowire:byName 根據(jù)類的屬性名查找與之命名相同的id的bean進(jìn)行裝配 byType 根據(jù)類的屬性類型查找唯一一個(gè)匹配類型的bean,如果有多個(gè)bean匹配則拋出異常 constructor 根據(jù)類的構(gòu)造方法參數(shù)類型匹配對(duì)應(yīng)的bean no 默認(rèn),表示不使用自動(dòng)裝配 default:由上級(jí)標(biāo)簽<beans>的default-autowire屬性確定 --> <bean id="ioC_By_Auto" class="com.bc.ioc.demo03.IoC_By_Auto" autowire="byName"></bean>
測(cè)試代碼
public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void AutoTest() { IoC_By_Auto ioc = (IoC_By_Auto) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Auto"); ioc.checkAttr(); } }
控制臺(tái)結(jié)果
user:1|自動(dòng)裝配|233 正確!?。?/pre>
以上使用的是byName模式,其他模式配置代碼已經(jīng)注明,不做測(cè)試。
4、使用P命名空間注入屬性
測(cè)試類代碼
/**使用P命名空間注入*/ public class IoC_By_P { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; /**檢查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if(id == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("id:" + id); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if(name == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("name:" + name); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if(user == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); System.out.println("全部正確?。?!"); return true; } //使用P命名空間注入屬性需要設(shè)置set方法 public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }
applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 使用P命名空間注入各種類型屬性 --> <bean id="user2" class="com.bc.pojo.User"> <property name="id" value="1"/> <property name="userName" value="P"/> <property name="passWord" value="233"/> </bean> <bean id="ioC_By_P" class="com.bc.ioc.demo04.IoC_By_P" p:id="1" p:name="命名空間" p:user-ref="user2"></bean>
測(cè)試代碼
public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void PTest() { IoC_By_P ioc = (IoC_By_P) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_P"); ioc.checkAttr(); } }
控制臺(tái)結(jié)果
id:1 ---------------------------- name:命名空間 ---------------------------- user:1|P|233 ---------------------------- 全部正確?。?!
5、使用注解方式注入
Spring在3.0以后,提供了基于Annotation(注解)的注入。
1.@Autowired-對(duì)成員變量、方法和構(gòu)造函數(shù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)注,來(lái)完成自動(dòng)裝配的工作,不推薦使用
2.@Qualifier-配合@Autowired來(lái)解決裝配多個(gè)同類型的bean
3.@Resource-JSR-250標(biāo)準(zhǔn)注解,作用相當(dāng)于@Autowired,只不過(guò)@Autowired按byType自動(dòng)注入,而@Resource默認(rèn)按byName自動(dòng)注入
4.@PostConstruct-在方法上加上注解@PostConstruct,這個(gè)方法就會(huì)在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器執(zhí)行
5.@PreDestroy-在方法上加上注解@PreDestroy,這個(gè)方法就會(huì)在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器執(zhí)行
6.@Component-只需要在對(duì)應(yīng)的類上加上一個(gè)@Component注解,就將該類定義為一個(gè)Bean,不推薦使用,推薦使用更加細(xì)化的三種:@Repository、@Service、@Controller
@Repository存儲(chǔ)層Bean
@Service業(yè)務(wù)層Bean
@Controller展示層Bean
7.@Scope-定義Bean的作用范圍
首先配置applicationContext.xml開(kāi)啟注解
<!-- 掃描包中注解標(biāo)注的類 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bc.ioc.demo05"/>
實(shí)體Bean加注解
@Repository public class User { private Integer id = 1; private String userName = "注解注入"; private String passWord = "233"; public User() { super(); } public User(Integer id, String userName, String passWord) { super(); this.id = id; this.userName = userName; this.passWord = passWord; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public String getPassWord() { return passWord; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public void setPassWord(String passWord) { this.passWord = passWord; } }
測(cè)試類代碼加注解
/**使用注解注入屬性*/ @Service("ioC_By_Annotation") public class IoC_By_Annotation { @Resource private User user; public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } /**檢查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if(user == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println("正確!??!"); return true; } }
測(cè)試代碼
public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void annotationTest() { IoC_By_Annotation ioc = (IoC_By_Annotation) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Annotation"); ioc.checkAttr(); } }
控制臺(tái)輸出
經(jīng)測(cè)試使用注解注入如果applicationContext.xml配置有其他注入方式會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),也會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他注入方式異常。
user:1|注解注入|233 正確?。?!
6、通過(guò)配置靜態(tài)工廠方法Bean注入
靜態(tài)工廠代碼
/**靜態(tài)工廠*/ public class StaticFactory { public static Integer getId() { return 1; } public static String getName() { return "靜態(tài)工廠"; } public static User getUser() { return new User(1, "工廠User", "666"); } }
測(cè)試類代碼
/** 通過(guò)靜態(tài)工廠方式注入 */ public class IoC_By_StaticFactory { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; /** 檢查是否注入成功 */ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (id == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("id:" + id); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if (name == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("name:" + name); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if (user == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); System.out.println("全部正確?。?!"); return true; } /**需要為需要注入的屬性設(shè)置set方法*/ public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }
applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 配置靜態(tài)工廠方法Bean 其實(shí)就是將工廠方法返回的數(shù)值配置成Bean --> <bean id="factory_id" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getId"/> <bean id="factory_name" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getName"/> <bean id="factory_user" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getUser"/> <!-- 注入對(duì)應(yīng)的靜態(tài)工廠方法Bean --> <bean id="ioC_By_StaticFactory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.IoC_By_StaticFactory"> <property name="id" ref="factory_id"/> <property name="name" ref="factory_name"/> <property name="user" ref="factory_user"/> </bean>
測(cè)試代碼
public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void staticFactoryTest() { IoC_By_StaticFactory ioc = (IoC_By_StaticFactory) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_StaticFactory"); ioc.checkAttr(); } }
控制臺(tái)輸出結(jié)果
id:1 ---------------------------- name:靜態(tài)工廠 ---------------------------- user:1|工廠User|666 ---------------------------- 全部正確?。?!
7、通過(guò)實(shí)例工廠方法注入
與靜態(tài)工廠區(qū)別在于實(shí)例工廠不是靜態(tài)的,需要先new 一個(gè)實(shí)例工廠對(duì)象,才可以配置其方法,而new 的這個(gè)對(duì)象也由spring來(lái)管理
工廠代碼
/**實(shí)例工廠*/ public class Factory { public Integer getId() { return 1; } public String getName() { return "實(shí)例工廠"; } public User getUser() { return new User(1, "實(shí)例工廠User", "233"); } }
測(cè)試類代碼
/**實(shí)例工廠注入*/ public class IoC_By_Factory { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; /** 檢查是否注入成功 */ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (id == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("id:" + id); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if (name == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("name:" + name); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); if (user == null) { return false; } else { System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println("----------------------------"); System.out.println("全部正確!?。?); return true; } /**需要為需要注入的屬性設(shè)置set方法*/ public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } }
applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 配置實(shí)例工廠Bean --> <bean id="factory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo07.Factory"/> <!-- 配置實(shí)例工廠方法Bean --> <bean id="f_id" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getId"/> <bean id="f_name" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getName"/> <bean id="f_user" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getUser"/> <!-- 注入對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)例工廠方法Bean --> <bean id="ioC_By_Factory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo07.IoC_By_Factory"> <property name="id" ref="f_id"/> <property name="name" ref="f_name"/> <property name="user" ref="f_user"/> </bean>
測(cè)試類代碼
public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } @Test public void factoryTest() { IoC_By_Factory ioc = (IoC_By_Factory) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Factory"); ioc.checkAttr(); } }
控制臺(tái)輸出
id:1 ---------------------------- name:實(shí)例工廠 ---------------------------- user:1|實(shí)例工廠User|233 ---------------------------- 全部正確?。?!
總結(jié)
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