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上篇文章中已經(jīng)通過一個簡單的HelloWorld程序講解了Spring boot的基本原理和使用。本文主要講解如何通過spring boot來訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫,本文會演示三種方式來訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫,第一種是JdbcTemplate,第二種是JPA,第三種是Mybatis。之前已經(jīng)提到過,本系列會以一個博客系統(tǒng)作為講解的基礎(chǔ),所以本文會講解文章的存儲和訪問(但不包括文章的詳情),因為最終的實現(xiàn)是通過MyBatis來完成的,所以,對于JdbcTemplate和JPA只做簡單演示,MyBatis部分會完整實現(xiàn)對文章的增刪改查。
一、準(zhǔn)備工作
在演示這幾種方式之前,需要先準(zhǔn)備一些東西。第一個就是數(shù)據(jù)庫,本系統(tǒng)是采用MySQL實現(xiàn)的,我們需要先創(chuàng)建一個tb_article的表:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb_article`; CREATE TABLE `tb_article` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `title` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `summary` varchar(1024) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `type` int(11) NOT NULL, `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `update_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `public_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
后續(xù)的演示會對這個表進(jìn)行增刪改查,大家應(yīng)該會看到這個表里面并沒有文章的詳情,原因是文章的詳情比較長,如果放在這個表里面容易影響查詢文章列表的效率,所以文章的詳情會單獨存在另外的表里面。此外我們需要配置數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池,這里我們使用druid連接池,另外配置文件使用yaml配置,即application.yml(你也可以使用application.properties配置文件,沒什么太大的區(qū)別,如果對ymal不熟悉,有興趣也可以查一下,比較簡單)。連接池的配置如下:
spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/blog?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver username: root password: 123456 type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
最后,我們還需要建立與數(shù)據(jù)庫對應(yīng)的POJO類,代碼如下:
public class Article { private Long id; private String title; private String summary; private Date createTime; private Date publicTime; private Date updateTime; private Long userId; private Integer status; private Integer type; }
好了,需要準(zhǔn)備的工作就這些,現(xiàn)在開始實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作。
二、與JdbcTemplate集成
首先,我們先通過JdbcTemplate來訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫,這里只演示數(shù)據(jù)的插入,上一篇文章中我們已經(jīng)提到過,Spring boot提供了許多的starter來支撐不同的功能,要支持JdbcTemplate我們只需要引入下面的starter就可以了:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency>
現(xiàn)在我們就可以通過JdbcTemplate來實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的插入了:
public interface ArticleDao { Long insertArticle(Article article); } @Repository public class ArticleDaoJdbcTemplateImpl implements ArticleDao { @Autowired private NamedParameterJdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Override public Long insertArticle(Article article) { String sql = "insert into tb_article(title,summary,user_id,create_time,public_time,update_time,status) " + "values(:title,:summary,:userId,:createTime,:publicTime,:updateTime,:status)"; Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>(); param.put("title", article.getTitle()); param.put("summary", article.getSummary()); param.put("userId", article.getUserId()); param.put("status", article.getStatus()); param.put("createTime", article.getCreateTime()); param.put("publicTime", article.getPublicTime()); param.put("updateTime", article.getUpdateTime()); return (long) jdbcTemplate.update(sql, param); } }
我們通過JUnit來測試上面的代碼:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class) public class ArticleDaoTest { @Autowired private ArticleDao articleDao; @Test public void testInsert() { Article article = new Article(); article.setTitle("測試標(biāo)題"); article.setSummary("測試摘要"); article.setUserId(1L); article.setStatus(1); article.setCreateTime(new Date()); article.setUpdateTime(new Date()); article.setPublicTime(new Date()); articleDao.insertArticle(article); } }
要支持上面的測試程序,也需要引入一個starter:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
從上面的代碼可以看出,其實除了引入jdbc的start之外,基本沒有配置,這都是spring boot的自動幫我們完成了配置的過程。上面的代碼需要注意的Application類的位置,該類必須位于Dao類的父級的包中,比如這里Dao都位于com.pandy.blog.dao這個包下,現(xiàn)在我們把Application.java這個類從com.pandy.blog這個包移動到com.pandy.blog.app這個包中,則會出現(xiàn)如下錯誤:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.pandy.blog.dao.ArticleDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) ... 28 more
也就是說,找不到ArticleDao的實現(xiàn),這是什么原因呢?上一篇博文中我們已經(jīng)看到@SpringBootApplication這個注解繼承了@ComponentScan,其默認(rèn)情況下只會掃描Application類所在的包及子包。因此,對于上面的錯誤,除了保持Application類在Dao的父包這種方式外,也可以指定掃描的包來解決:
@SpringBootApplication @ComponentScan({"com.pandy.blog"}) public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
三、與JPA集成
現(xiàn)在我們開始講解如何通過JPA的方式來實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作。還是跟JdbcTemplate類似,首先,我們需要引入對應(yīng)的starter:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency>
然后我們需要對POJO類增加Entity的注解,并指定表名(如果不指定,默認(rèn)的表名為article),然后需要指定ID的及其生成策略,這些都是JPA的知識,與Spring boot無關(guān),如果不熟悉的話可以看下JPA的知識點:
@Entity(name = "tb_article") public class Article { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String title; private String summary; private Date createTime; private Date publicTime; private Date updateTime; private Long userId; private Integer status; }
最后,我們需要繼承JpaRepository這個類,這里我們實現(xiàn)了兩個查詢方法,第一個是符合JPA命名規(guī)范的查詢,JPA會自動幫我們完成查詢語句的生成,另一種方式是我們自己實現(xiàn)JPQL(JPA支持的一種類SQL的查詢)。
public interface ArticleRepository extends JpaRepository<Article, Long> { public List<Article> findByUserId(Long userId); @Query("select art from com.pandy.blog.po.Article art where title=:title") public List<Article> queryByTitle(@Param("title") String title); }
好了,我們可以再測試一下上面的代碼:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class) public class ArticleRepositoryTest { @Autowired private ArticleRepository articleRepository; @Test public void testQuery(){ List<Article> articleList = articleRepository.queryByTitle("測試標(biāo)題"); assertTrue(articleList.size()>0); } }
注意,這里還是存在跟JdbcTemplate類似的問題,需要將Application這個啟動類未于Respository和Entity類的父級包中,否則會出現(xiàn)如下錯誤:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.pandy.blog.dao.ArticleRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) ... 28 more
當(dāng)然,同樣也可以通過注解@EnableJpaRepositories指定掃描的JPA的包,但是還是不行,還會出現(xiàn)如下錯誤:
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Not a managed type: class com.pandy.blog.po.Article at org.hibernate.jpa.internal.metamodel.MetamodelImpl.managedType(MetamodelImpl.java:210) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaMetamodelEntityInformation.<init>(JpaMetamodelEntityInformation.java:70) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaEntityInformationSupport.getEntityInformation(JpaEntityInformationSupport.java:68) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory.getEntityInformation(JpaRepositoryFactory.java:153) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory.getTargetRepository(JpaRepositoryFactory.java:100) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory.getTargetRepository(JpaRepositoryFactory.java:82) at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport.getRepository(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:199) at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.initAndReturn(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:277) at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.afterPropertiesSet(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:263) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.java:101) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624) ... 39 more
這個錯誤說明識別不了Entity,所以還需要通過注解@EntityScan來指定Entity的包,最終的配置如下:
@SpringBootApplication @ComponentScan({"com.pandy.blog"}) @EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages="com.pandy.blog") @EntityScan("com.pandy.blog") public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
四、與MyBatis集成
最后,我們再看看如何通過MyBatis來實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫的訪問。同樣我們還是要引入starter:
<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> </dependency>
由于該starter不是spring boot官方提供的,所以版本號于Spring boot不一致,需要手動指定。
MyBatis一般可以通過XML或者注解的方式來指定操作數(shù)據(jù)庫的SQL,個人比較偏向于XML,所以,本文中也只演示了通過XML的方式來訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫。首先,我們需要配置mapper的目錄。我們在application.yml中進(jìn)行配置:
mybatis: config-locations: mybatis/mybatis-config.xml mapper-locations: mybatis/mapper/*.xml type-aliases-package: com.pandy.blog.po
這里配置主要包括三個部分,一個是mybatis自身的一些配置,例如基本類型的別名。第二個是指定mapper文件的位置,第三個POJO類的別名。這個配置也可以通過 Java configuration來實現(xiàn),由于篇幅的問題,我這里就不詳述了,有興趣的朋友可以自己實現(xiàn)一下。
配置完后,我們先編寫mapper對應(yīng)的接口:
public interface ArticleMapper { public Long insertArticle(Article article); public void updateArticle(Article article); public Article queryById(Long id); public List<Article> queryArticlesByPage(@Param("article") Article article, @Param("pageSize") int pageSize, @Param("offset") int offset); }
該接口暫時只定義了四個方法,即添加、更新,以及根據(jù)ID查詢和分頁查詢。這是一個接口,并且和JPA類似,可以不用實現(xiàn)類。接下來我們編寫XML文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="com.pandy.blog.dao.ArticleMapper"> <resultMap id="articleMap" type="com.pandy.blog.po.Article"> <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result column="title" property="title" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result column="summary" property="summary" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result column="status" property="status" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result column="create_time" property="createTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/> <result column="update_time" property="updateTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/> <result column="public_time" property="publicTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/> </resultMap> <sql id="base_column"> title,summary,user_id,status,create_time,update_time,public_time </sql> <insert id="insertArticle" parameterType="Article"> INSERT INTO tb_article(<include refid="base_column"/>) VALUE (#{title},#{summary},#{userId},#{status},#{createTime},#{updateTime},#{publicTime}) </insert> <update id="updateArticle" parameterType="Article"> UPDATE tb_article <set> <if test="title != null"> title = #{title}, </if> <if test="summary != null"> summary = #{summary}, </if> <if test="status!=null"> status = #{status}, </if> <if test="publicTime !=null "> public_time = #{publicTime}, </if> <if test="updateTime !=null "> update_time = #{updateTime}, </if> </set> WHERE id = #{id} </update> <select id="queryById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="articleMap"> SELECT id,<include refid="base_column"></include> FROM tb_article WHERE id = #{id} </select> <select id="queryArticlesByPage" resultMap="articleMap"> SELECT id,<include refid="base_column"></include> FROM tb_article <where> <if test="article.title != null"> title like CONCAT('%',${article.title},'%') </if> <if test="article.userId != null"> user_id = #{article.userId} </if> </where> limit #{offset},#{pageSize} </select> </mapper>
最后,我們需要手動指定mapper掃描的包:
@SpringBootApplication @MapperScan("com.pandy.blog.dao") public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
好了,與MyBatis的集成也完成了,我們再測試一下:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class) public class ArticleMapperTest { @Autowired private ArticleMapper mapper; @Test public void testInsert() { Article article = new Article(); article.setTitle("測試標(biāo)題2"); article.setSummary("測試摘要2"); article.setUserId(1L); article.setStatus(1); article.setCreateTime(new Date()); article.setUpdateTime(new Date()); article.setPublicTime(new Date()); mapper.insertArticle(article); } @Test public void testMybatisQuery() { Article article = mapper.queryById(1L); assertNotNull(article); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Article article = mapper.queryById(1L); article.setPublicTime(new Date()); article.setUpdateTime(new Date()); article.setStatus(2); mapper.updateArticle(article); } @Test public void testQueryByPage(){ Article article = new Article(); article.setUserId(1L); List<Article> list = mapper.queryArticlesByPage(article,10,0); assertTrue(list.size()>0); } }
五、總結(jié)
本文演示Spring boot與JdbcTemplate、JPA以及MyBatis的集成,整體上來說配置都比較簡單,以前做過相關(guān)配置的同學(xué)應(yīng)該感覺比較明顯,Spring boot確實在這方面給我們提供了很大的幫助。后續(xù)的文章中我們只會使用MyBatis這一種方式來進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作,這里還有一點需要說明一下的是,MyBatis的分頁查詢在這里是手寫的,這個分頁在正式開發(fā)中可以通過插件來完成,不過這個與Spring boot沒什么關(guān)系,所以本文暫時通過這種手動的方式來進(jìn)行分頁的處理。
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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