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這篇文章主要介紹了Spring Boot如何集成Swagger2項(xiàng)目,具有一定借鑒價(jià)值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
一、Swagger簡(jiǎn)介
在日常的工作中,我們往往需要給前端(WEB端、IOS、Android)或者第三方提供接口,這個(gè)時(shí)候我們就需要給他們提供一份詳細(xì)的API說(shuō)明文檔。但維護(hù)一份詳細(xì)的文檔可不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事情。首先,編寫(xiě)一份詳細(xì)的文檔本身就是一件很費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力的事情,另一方面,由于代碼和文檔是分離的,所以很容易導(dǎo)致文檔和代碼的不一致。這篇文章我們就來(lái)分享一種API文檔維護(hù)的方式,即通過(guò)Swagger來(lái)自動(dòng)生成Restuful API文檔。
那什么是Swagger?我們可以直接看下官方的描述:
THE WORLD'S MOST POPULAR API TOOLING Swagger is the world's largest framework of API developer tools for the OpenAPI Specification(OAS), enabling development across the entire API lifecycle, from design and documentation, to test and deployment.
這段話首先告訴大家Swagger是世界上最流行的API工具,并且Swagger的目的是支撐整個(gè)API生命周期的開(kāi)發(fā),包括設(shè)計(jì)、文檔以及測(cè)試和部署。這篇文章中我們會(huì)用到Swagger的文檔管理和測(cè)試功能。
對(duì)Swagger的作用有了基本的認(rèn)識(shí)后,我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)看看怎么使用。
二、Swagger與Spring boot集成
第一步:引入對(duì)應(yīng)jar包:
<dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.6.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.6.0</version> </dependency>
第二步,基本信息配置:
@Configuration @EnableSwagger2 public class Swagger2Config { @Bean public Docket createRestApi() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) .apiInfo(apiInfo()) .select() .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.pandy.blog.rest")) .paths(PathSelectors.regex("/rest/.*")) .build(); } private ApiInfo apiInfo() { return new ApiInfoBuilder() .title("Blog系統(tǒng)Restful API") .description("Blog系統(tǒng)Restful API") .termsOfServiceUrl("http://127.0.0.1:8080/") .contact("liuxiaopeng") .version("1.0") .build(); } }
基礎(chǔ)的配置是對(duì)整個(gè)API文檔的描述以及一些全局性的配置,對(duì)所有接口起作用。這里涉及到兩個(gè)注解:
@Configuration是表示這是一個(gè)配置類,是JDK自帶的注解,前面的文章中也已做過(guò)說(shuō)明。
@EnableSwagger2的作用是啟用Swagger2相關(guān)功能。
在這個(gè)配置類里面我么實(shí)例化了一個(gè)Docket對(duì)象,這個(gè)對(duì)象主要包括三個(gè)方面的信息:
?。?)整個(gè)API的描述信息,即ApiInfo對(duì)象包括的信息,這部分信息會(huì)在頁(yè)面上展示。
?。?)指定生成API文檔的包名。
(3)指定生成API的路徑。按路徑生成API可支持四種模式,這個(gè)可以參考其源碼:
public class PathSelectors { private PathSelectors() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public static Predicate<String> any() { return Predicates.alwaysTrue(); } public static Predicate<String> none() { return Predicates.alwaysFalse(); } public static Predicate<String> regex(final String pathRegex) { return new Predicate<String>() { public boolean apply(String input) { return input.matches(pathRegex); } }; } public static Predicate<String> ant(final String antPattern) { return new Predicate<String>() { public boolean apply(String input) { AntPathMatcher matcher = new AntPathMatcher(); return matcher.match(antPattern, input); } }; } }
從源碼可以看出,Swagger總共支持任何路徑都生成、任何路徑都不生成以及正則匹配和ant 模式匹配四種方式。大家可能比較熟悉的是前三種,最后一種ant匹配,如果不熟悉ant的話就直接忽略吧,前三種應(yīng)該足夠大家在日常工作中使用了。
有了上面的配置我們就可以看到效果了,我在com.pandy.blog.rest這個(gè)包下面有一個(gè)ArticleRestController這個(gè)類,源碼如下:
啟動(dòng)Spring boot,然后訪問(wèn):http://127.0.0.1:8080/swagger-ui.html即可看到如下結(jié)果:
這個(gè)頁(yè)面上可以看到,除了最后一個(gè)接口/test/{id}外,其他接口都生成對(duì)應(yīng)的文檔,最后一個(gè)接口因?yàn)椴粷M足我們配置的路徑——“/rest/.*”,所以沒(méi)有生成文檔。
我們還可以點(diǎn)進(jìn)去看一下每一個(gè)具體的接口,我們這里以“POST /rest/article”這個(gè)接口為例:
可以看到,Swagger為每一個(gè)接口都生成了返回結(jié)果和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)的示例,并且能直接通過(guò)下面的"try it out"進(jìn)行接口訪問(wèn),方面大家對(duì)接口進(jìn)行測(cè)試。整體上感覺(jué)Swagger還是很強(qiáng)大的,配置也比較簡(jiǎn)單。
@RestController public class ArticleRestController { @Autowired private ArticleService articleService; @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/article", method = POST, produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<Map<String, Object>> saveArticle(@RequestBody Article article) { article.setUserId(1L); articleService.saveArticle(article); Map<String, Object> ret = new HashMap<>(); ret.put("id", article.getId()); WebResponse<Map<String, Object>> response = WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(ret); return response; } @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/article/{id}", method = DELETE, produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<?> deleteArticle(@PathVariable Long id) { Article article = articleService.getById(id); article.setStatus(-1); articleService.updateArticle(article); WebResponse<Object> response = WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(null); return response; } @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/article/{id}", method = PUT, produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<Object> updateArticle(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Article article) { article.setId(id); articleService.updateArticle(article); WebResponse<Object> response = WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(null); return response; } @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/article/{id}", method = GET, produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<Article> getArticle(@PathVariable Long id) { Article article = articleService.getById(id); WebResponse<Article> response = WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(article); return response; } @RequestMapping(value = "/test/{id}", method = GET, produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<?> getNoApi(){ WebResponse<?> response = WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(null); return response; } }
三、Swagger API詳細(xì)配置
不過(guò)大家看到這里肯定會(huì)有點(diǎn)疑問(wèn):
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題:這個(gè)返回結(jié)果和請(qǐng)求參數(shù)都沒(méi)有文字性的描述,這個(gè)可不可以配置?
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題:這個(gè)請(qǐng)求參應(yīng)該是直接根據(jù)對(duì)象反射出來(lái)的結(jié)果,但是不是對(duì)象的每個(gè)屬性都是必傳的,另外參數(shù)的值也不一定滿足我們的需求,這個(gè)能否配置?
答案肯定是可以的,現(xiàn)在我們就來(lái)解決這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,直接看配置的代碼:
package com.pandy.blog.rest; import com.pandy.blog.dto.WebResponse; import com.pandy.blog.po.Article; import com.pandy.blog.service.ArticleService; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiResponse; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiResponses; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import static org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod.DELETE; import static org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod.GET; import static org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod.POST; import static org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod.PUT; @RestController @RequestMapping("/rest") public class ArticleRestController { @Autowired private ArticleService articleService; @RequestMapping(value = "/article", method = POST, produces = "application/json") @ApiOperation(value = "添加文章", notes = "添加新的文章", tags = "Article",httpMethod = "POST") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "title", value = "文章標(biāo)題", required = true, dataType = "String"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "summary", value = "文章摘要", required = true, dataType = "String"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "status", value = "發(fā)布狀態(tài)", required = true, dataType = "Integer") }) @ApiResponses({ @ApiResponse(code=200,message="成功",response=WebResponse.class), }) public WebResponse<Map<String,Object>> saveArticle(@RequestBody Article article){ articleService.saveArticle(article); Map<String,Object> ret = new HashMap<>(); ret.put("id",article.getId()); WebResponse<Map<String,Object>> response = WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(ret); return response; } @ApiOperation(value = "刪除文章", notes = "根據(jù)ID刪除文章", tags = "Article",httpMethod = "DELETE") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "文章ID", required = true, dataType = "Long") }) @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}",method = DELETE,produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<?> deleteArticle(@PathVariable Long id){ Article article = articleService.getById(id); article.setStatus(-1); articleService.saveArticle(article); return WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(new HashMap<>()); } @ApiOperation(value = "獲取文章列表", notes = "可以根據(jù)標(biāo)題進(jìn)行模糊查詢", tags = "Article",httpMethod = "GET") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "title", value = "文章標(biāo)題", required = false, dataType = "String"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "pageSize", value = "每頁(yè)文章數(shù)量", required = false, dataType = "Integer"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "pageNum", value = "分頁(yè)的頁(yè)碼", required = false, dataType = "Integer") }) @RequestMapping(value = "/article/list", method = GET, produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<?> listArticles(String title, Integer pageSize, Integer pageNum) { if (pageSize == null) { pageSize = 10; } if (pageNum == null) { pageNum = 1; } int offset = (pageNum - 1) * pageSize; List<Article> articles = articleService.getArticles(title, 1L, offset, pageSize); return WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(articles); } @ApiOperation(value = "更新文章", notes = "更新文章內(nèi)容", tags = "Article",httpMethod = "PUT") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "文章ID", required = true, dataType = "Long"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "title", value = "文章標(biāo)題", required = false, dataType = "String"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "summary", value = "文章摘要", required = false, dataType = "String"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "status", value = "發(fā)布狀態(tài)", required = false, dataType = "Integer") }) @RequestMapping(value = "/article/{id}", method = PUT, produces = "application/json") public WebResponse<?> updateArticle(@PathVariable Long id,@RequestBody Article article){ article.setId(id); articleService.updateArticle(article); return WebResponse.getSuccessResponse(new HashMap<>()); } }
我們解釋一下代碼中幾個(gè)注解及相關(guān)屬性的具體作用:
@ApiOperation,整個(gè)接口屬性配置:
value:接口說(shuō)明,展示在接口列表。
notes:接口詳細(xì)說(shuō)明,展示在接口的詳情頁(yè)。
tags:接口的標(biāo)簽,相同標(biāo)簽的接口會(huì)在一個(gè)標(biāo)簽頁(yè)下展示。
httpMethod:支持的HTTP的方法。
@ApiImplicitParams,@ApiImplicitParam的容器,可包含多個(gè)@ApiImplicitParam注解
@ApiImplicitParam,請(qǐng)求參數(shù)屬性配置:
name:參數(shù)名稱
value:參數(shù)說(shuō)明
required:是否必須
dataType:數(shù)據(jù)類型
@ApiResponses,@ApiResponse容器,可以包含多個(gè)@ApiResponse注解
@ApiResponse,返回結(jié)果屬性配置:
code:返回結(jié)果的編碼。
message:返回結(jié)果的說(shuō)明。
response:返回結(jié)果對(duì)應(yīng)的類?! ?/p>
完成以上配置后,我們?cè)倏聪马?yè)面效果:
列表頁(yè):
可以看到,現(xiàn)在接口都位于Article這個(gè)tag下,并且接口后面也有了我們配置好的說(shuō)明。我們?cè)倏聪隆盤OST /rest/article“這個(gè)接口的詳情頁(yè):
圖片太大,只截取了title屬性的展示,其他幾個(gè)參數(shù)的類似。我們可以從頁(yè)面上看到請(qǐng)求參數(shù)的說(shuō)明是有的,不過(guò)這不是我們預(yù)期的效果,如果我們的參數(shù)僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單類型,這種方式應(yīng)該沒(méi)問(wèn)題,但現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是我們的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)是一個(gè)對(duì)象,那如何配置呢?這就涉及到另外兩個(gè)注解:@ApiModel和@ApiModelProperty,我們還是先看代碼,然后再解釋,這樣更容易理解:
@ApiModel(value="article對(duì)象",description="新增&更新文章對(duì)象說(shuō)明") public class Article { @Id @GeneratedValue @ApiModelProperty(name = "id",value = "文章ID",required = false,example = "1") private Long id; @ApiModelProperty(name = "title",value = "文章標(biāo)題",required = true,example = "測(cè)試文章標(biāo)題") private String title; @ApiModelProperty(name = "summary",value = "文章摘要",required = true,example = "測(cè)試文章摘要") private String summary; @ApiModelProperty(hidden = true) private Date createTime; @ApiModelProperty(hidden = true) private Date publicTime; @ApiModelProperty(hidden = true) private Date updateTime; @ApiModelProperty(hidden = true) private Long userId; @ApiModelProperty(name = "status",value = "文章發(fā)布狀態(tài)",required = true,example = "1") private Integer status; @ApiModelProperty(name = "type",value = "文章分類",required = true,example = "1") private Integer type; }
@ApiModel是對(duì)整個(gè)類的屬性的配置:
value:類的說(shuō)明
description:詳細(xì)描述
@ApiModelProperty是對(duì)具體每個(gè)字段的屬性配置:
name:字段名稱
value:字段的說(shuō)明
required:是否必須
example:示例值
hidden:是否顯示
完成上面的配置后,我們?cè)賮?lái)看效果:
現(xiàn)在我們可以看到,字段的說(shuō)明都已經(jīng)展示出來(lái),并且,示例中字段的值也變成了我們配置的example屬性對(duì)應(yīng)的值了。這樣,一份完整的API文檔就生成了,并且該文檔與代碼緊密的聯(lián)系在一起,而不是隔離的兩個(gè)部分。除此之外,我們還可以直接通過(guò)該文檔很方便的進(jìn)行測(cè)試,我們只需要點(diǎn)擊Example Value下黃色的框,里面的內(nèi)容就會(huì)自動(dòng)復(fù)制到article對(duì)應(yīng)的value框中,然后在點(diǎn)擊“Try it out”就可以發(fā)起http請(qǐng)求了。
點(diǎn)擊Try it out后,我們就可以看到返回的結(jié)果:
操作還是很方便的,相比Junit和postman,通過(guò)Swagger來(lái)測(cè)試會(huì)更加便捷,當(dāng)然,Swagger的測(cè)試并不能代替單元測(cè)試,不過(guò),在聯(lián)調(diào)的時(shí)候還是有非常大的作用的。
感謝你能夠認(rèn)真閱讀完這篇文章,希望小編分享的“Spring Boot如何集成Swagger2項(xiàng)目”這篇文章對(duì)大家有幫助,同時(shí)也希望大家多多支持億速云,關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道,更多相關(guān)知識(shí)等著你來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)!
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