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這篇文章主要介紹了Android怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)照片墻效果,具有一定借鑒價(jià)值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
照片墻這種功能現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該算是挺常見(jiàn)了,在很多應(yīng)用中你都可以經(jīng)??吹秸掌瑝Φ纳碛?。它的設(shè)計(jì)思路其實(shí)也非常簡(jiǎn)單,用一個(gè)GridView控件當(dāng)作“墻”,然后隨著GridView的滾動(dòng)將一張張照片貼在“墻”上,這些照片可以是手機(jī)本地中存儲(chǔ)的,也可以是從網(wǎng)上下載的。制作類似于這種的功能的應(yīng)用,有一個(gè)非常重要的問(wèn)題需要考慮,就是圖片資源何時(shí)應(yīng)該釋放。因?yàn)殡S著GridView的滾動(dòng),加載的圖片可能會(huì)越來(lái)越多,如果沒(méi)有一種合理的機(jī)制對(duì)圖片進(jìn)行釋放,那么當(dāng)圖片達(dá)到一定上限時(shí),程序就必然會(huì)崩潰。
今天我們照片墻應(yīng)用的實(shí)現(xiàn),重點(diǎn)也是放在了如何防止由于圖片過(guò)多導(dǎo)致程序崩潰上面。主要的核心算法使用了Android中提供的LruCache類,這個(gè)類是3.1版本中提供的,如果你是在更早的Android版本中開(kāi)發(fā),則需要導(dǎo)入android-support-v4的jar包。
關(guān)于LruCache用法的詳細(xì)講解,可以參考Android高效加載大圖、多圖解決方案 有效避免程序OOM。
那我們開(kāi)始動(dòng)手吧,新建一個(gè)Android項(xiàng)目,起名叫PhotoWallDemo,這里我使用的是Android 4.0的API。
第一個(gè)要考慮的問(wèn)題就是,我們從哪兒去收集這么多的圖片呢?這里我從谷歌官方提供的Demo里將圖片源取了出來(lái),我們就從這些網(wǎng)址中下載圖片,代碼如下所示:
public class Images { public final static String[] imageThumbUrls = new String[] { "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-55osAWw3x0Q/URquUtcFr5I/AAAAAAAAAbs/rWlj1RUKrYI/s160-c/A%252520Photographer.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--dq8niRp7W4/URquVgmXvgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/-gnuLQfNnBA/s160-c/A%252520Song%252520of%252520Ice%252520and%252520Fire.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-7qZeDtRKFKc/URquWZT1gOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hqWgteyNXsg/s160-c/Another%252520Rockaway%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/--L0Km39l5J8/URquXHGcdNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/3ZrSJNrSomQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Butte.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-8HO-4vIFnlw/URquZnsFgtI/AAAAAAAAAbs/WT8jViTF7vw/s160-c/Antelope%252520Hallway.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-WIuWgVcU3Qw/URqubRVcj4I/AAAAAAAAAbs/YvbwgGjwdIQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Walls.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-UBmLbPELvoQ/URqucCdv0kI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IdNhr2VQoQs/s160-c/Apre%2525CC%252580s%252520la%252520Pluie.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-s-AFpvgSeew/URquc6dF-JI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Mt3xNGRUd68/s160-c/Backlit%252520Cloud.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-bvmif9a9YOQ/URquea3heHI/AAAAAAAAAbs/rcr6wyeQtAo/s160-c/Bee%252520and%252520Flower.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-n7mdm7I7FGs/URqueT_BT-I/AAAAAAAAAbs/9MYmXlmpSAo/s160-c/Bonzai%252520Rock%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-4CN4X4t0M1k/URqufPozWzI/AAAAAAAAAbs/8wK41lg1KPs/s160-c/Caterpillar.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-rrFnVC8xQEg/URqufdrLBaI/AAAAAAAAAbs/s69WYy_fl1E/s160-c/Chess.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-WVpRptWH8Yw/URqugh-QmDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/E-MgBgtlUWU/s160-c/Chihuly.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-0BDXkYmckbo/URquhKFW84I/AAAAAAAAAbs/ogQtHCTk2JQ/s160-c/Closed%252520Door.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-PyggXXZRykM/URquh-kVvoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hFtDwhtrHHQ/s160-c/Colorado%252520River%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZAs4dNZtALc/URquikvOCWI/AAAAAAAAAbs/DXz4h4dll1Y/s160-c/Colors%252520of%252520Autumn.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-GztnWEIiMz8/URqukVCU7bI/AAAAAAAAAbs/jo2Hjv6MZ6M/s160-c/Countryside.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bEg9EZ9QoiM/URquklz3FGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/UUuv8Ac2BaE/s160-c/Death%252520Valley%252520-%252520Dunes.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-ijQJ8W68tEE/URqulGkvFEI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zPXvIwi_rFw/s160-c/Delicate%252520Arch.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Oh8mMy2ieng/URqullDwehI/AAAAAAAAAbs/TbdeEfsaIZY/s160-c/Despair.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-gl0y4UiAOlk/URqumC_KjBI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PM1eT7dn4oo/s160-c/Eagle%252520Fall%252520Sunrise.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-hYYHd2_vXPQ/URqumtJa9eI/AAAAAAAAAbs/wAalXVkbSh0/s160-c/Electric%252520Storm.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-PyY_yiyjPTo/URqunUOhHFI/AAAAAAAAAbs/azZoULNuJXc/s160-c/False%252520Kiva.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-PYvLVdvXywk/URqunwd8hfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/qiMwgkFvf6I/s160-c/Fitzgerald%252520Streaks.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-KIR_UobIIqY/URquoCZ9SlI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Y4d4q8sXu4c/s160-c/Foggy%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-9lzOk_OWZH0/URquoo4xYoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/AwgzHtNVCwU/s160-c/Frantic.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-0X3JNaKaz48/URqupH78wpI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lHXxu_zbH8s/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Afternoon.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-95sb5ag7ABc/URqupl95RDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/g73R20iVTRA/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Fog.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JB9v6rtgHhk/URqup21F-zI/AAAAAAAAAbs/64Fb8qMZWXk/s160-c/Golden%252520Grass.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-EIBGfnuLtII/URquqVHwaRI/AAAAAAAAAbs/FA4McV2u8VE/s160-c/Grand%252520Teton.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-WoMxZvmN9nY/URquq1v2AoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/grj5uMhL6NA/s160-c/Grass%252520Closeup.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-6hZiEHXx64Q/URqurxvNdqI/AAAAAAAAAbs/kWMXM3o5OVI/s160-c/Green%252520Grass.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-6LVb9OXtQ60/URquteBFuKI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4F4kRgecwFs/s160-c/Hanging%252520Leaf.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-zAvf__52ONk/URqutT_IuxI/AAAAAAAAAbs/D_bcuc0thoU/s160-c/Highway%2525201.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-H4SrUg615rA/URquuL27fXI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4aEqJfiMsOU/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-JhFi4fb_Pqw/URquuX-QXbI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IXpYUxuweYM/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-UGgssvFRJ7g/URquueyJzGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/yYIBlLT0toM/s160-c/Into%252520the%252520Blue.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-CH7KoupI7uI/URquu0FF__I/AAAAAAAAAbs/R7GDmI7v_G0/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525202.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-pwuuw6yhg8U/URquvPxR3FI/AAAAAAAAAbs/VNGk6f-tsGE/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525203.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-GoUQVw1fnFw/URquv6xbC0I/AAAAAAAAAbs/zEUVTQQ43Zc/s160-c/Kauai.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-8QdYYQEpYjw/URquwvdh88I/AAAAAAAAAbs/cktDy-ysfHo/s160-c/Kyoto%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-vPeekyDjOE0/URquwzJ28qI/AAAAAAAAAbs/qxcyXULsZrg/s160-c/Lake%252520Tahoe%252520Colors.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-xBPxWpD4yxU/URquxWHk8AI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ARDPeDYPiMY/s160-c/Lava%252520from%252520the%252520Sky.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-897VXrJB6RE/URquxxxd-5I/AAAAAAAAAbs/j-Cz4T4YvIw/s160-c/Leica%25252050mm%252520Summilux.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-qSJ4D4iXzGo/URquyDWiJ1I/AAAAAAAAAbs/k2pBXeWehOA/s160-c/Leica%25252050mm%252520Summilux.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-dwlPg83vzLg/URquylTVuFI/AAAAAAAAAbs/G6SyQ8b4YsI/s160-c/Leica%252520M8%252520%252528Front%252529.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-R3_EYAyJvfk/URquzQBv8eI/AAAAAAAAAbs/b9xhpUM3pEI/s160-c/Light%252520to%252520Sand.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-fHY5h77QPi0/URqu0Cp4J1I/AAAAAAAAAbs/0lG6m94Z6vM/s160-c/Little%252520Bit%252520of%252520Paradise.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-TzF_LwrCnRM/URqu0RddPOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/gaj2dLiuX0s/s160-c/Lone%252520Pine%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-4HdpJ4_DXU4/URqu046dJ9I/AAAAAAAAAbs/eBOodtk2_uk/s160-c/Lonely%252520Rock.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-erbF--z-W4s/URqu1ajSLkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/xjDCDO1INzM/s160-c/Longue%252520Vue.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-0CXJRdJaqvc/URqu1opNZNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PFB2oPUU7Lk/s160-c/Look%252520Me%252520in%252520the%252520Eye.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-D_5lNxnDN6g/URqu2Tk7HVI/AAAAAAAAAbs/p0ddca9W__Y/s160-c/Lost%252520in%252520a%252520Field.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-flsqwMrIk2Q/URqu24PcmjI/AAAAAAAAAbs/5ocIH85XofM/s160-c/Marshall%252520Beach%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Y4lgryEVTmU/URqu28kG3gI/AAAAAAAAAbs/OjXpekqtbJ4/s160-c/Mono%252520Lake%252520Blue.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-AaHAJPmcGYA/URqu3PIldHI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lcTqk1SIcRs/s160-c/Monument%252520Valley%252520Overlook.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-vKxfdQ83dQA/URqu31Yq_BI/AAAAAAAAAbs/OUoGk_2AyfM/s160-c/Moving%252520Rock.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-CG62QiPpWXg/URqu4ia4vRI/AAAAAAAAAbs/0YOdqLAlcAc/s160-c/Napali%252520Coast.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-wdGrP5PMmJQ/URqu5PZvn7I/AAAAAAAAAbs/m0abEcdPXe4/s160-c/One%252520Wheel.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-6WS5DoCGuOA/URqu5qx1UgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/giMw2ixPvrY/s160-c/Open%252520Sky.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-u8EHKj8G8GQ/URqu55sM6yI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lIXX_GlTdmI/s160-c/Orange%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-74Z5qj4bTDE/URqu6LSrJrI/AAAAAAAAAbs/XzmVkw90szQ/s160-c/Orchid.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-lEQE4h7TePE/URqu6t_lSkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zvGYKOea_qY/s160-c/Over%252520there.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-cauH-53JH2M/URqu66v_USI/AAAAAAAAAbs/EucwwqclfKQ/s160-c/Plumes.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-eDLT2jHDoy4/URqu7axzkAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/iVZE-xJ7lZs/s160-c/Rainbokeh.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-j1NLqEFIyco/URqu8L1CGcI/AAAAAAAAAbs/aqZkgX66zlI/s160-c/Rainbow.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-DRnqmK0t4VU/URqu8XYN9yI/AAAAAAAAAbs/LgvF_592WLU/s160-c/Rice%252520Fields.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-hwh2v3EOGcQ/URqu8qOaKwI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IljRJRnbJGw/s160-c/Rockaway%252520Fire%252520Sky.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wjV6FQk7tlk/URqu9jCQ8sI/AAAAAAAAAbs/RyYUpdo-c9o/s160-c/Rockaway%252520Flow.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-6cAXNfo7D20/URqu-BdzgPI/AAAAAAAAAbs/OmsYllzJqwo/s160-c/Rockaway%252520Sunset%252520Sky.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-sl8fpGPS-RE/URqu_BOkfgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Dg2Fv-JxOeg/s160-c/Russian%252520Ridge%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-gVtY36mMBIg/URqu_q91lkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/3CiFMBcy5MA/s160-c/Rust%252520Knot.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-GHeImuHqJBE/URqu_FKfVLI/AAAAAAAAAbs/axuEJeqam7Q/s160-c/Sailing%252520Stones.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-hBbYZjTOwGc/URqu_ycpIrI/AAAAAAAAAbs/nAdJUXnGJYE/s160-c/Seahorse.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-Iwi6-i6IexY/URqvAYZHsVI/AAAAAAAAAbs/5ETWl4qXsFE/s160-c/Shinjuku%252520Street.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-amhnySTM_MY/URqvAlb5KoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/pFCFgzlKsn0/s160-c/Sierra%252520Heavens.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-dJgjepFrYSo/URqvBVJZrAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/v-F5QWpYO6s/s160-c/Sierra%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Z4zGiC5nWdc/URqvBdEwivI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ZRZR1VJ84QA/s160-c/Sin%252520Lights.jpg", 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圖片源已經(jīng)有了,現(xiàn)在我們就該考慮在哪里放置這些圖片了。新建或打開(kāi)activity_main.xml作為程序的主布局,加入如下代碼:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <GridView android:id="@+id/photo_wall" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:columnWidth="90dip" android:stretchMode="columnWidth" android:numColumns="auto_fit" android:verticalSpacing="10dip" android:gravity="center" ></GridView> </LinearLayout>
可以看到,我們?cè)谶@個(gè)布局文件中僅加入了一個(gè)GridView,這也就是我們程序中的“墻”,所有的圖片都將貼在這個(gè)“墻”上。
接著我們定義GridView中每一個(gè)子View的布局,新建一個(gè)photo_layout.xml布局,加入如下代碼:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/photo" android:layout_width="90dip" android:layout_height="90dip" android:src="@drawable/empty_photo" android:layout_centerInParent="true" /> </RelativeLayout>
在每一個(gè)子View中我們就簡(jiǎn)單使用了一個(gè)ImageView來(lái)顯示一張圖片。這樣所有的布局就已經(jīng)定義好了。
接下來(lái)新建PhotoWallAdapter做為GridView的適配器,代碼如下所示:
public class PhotoWallAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> implements OnScrollListener { /** * 記錄所有正在下載或等待下載的任務(wù)。 */ private Set<BitmapWorkerTask> taskCollection; /** * 圖片緩存技術(shù)的核心類,用于緩存所有下載好的圖片,在程序內(nèi)存達(dá)到設(shè)定值時(shí)會(huì)將最少最近使用的圖片移除掉。 */ private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache; /** * GridView的實(shí)例 */ private GridView mPhotoWall; /** * 第一張可見(jiàn)圖片的下標(biāo) */ private int mFirstVisibleItem; /** * 一屏有多少?gòu)垐D片可見(jiàn) */ private int mVisibleItemCount; /** * 記錄是否剛打開(kāi)程序,用于解決進(jìn)入程序不滾動(dòng)屏幕,不會(huì)下載圖片的問(wèn)題。 */ private boolean isFirstEnter = true; public PhotoWallAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, String[] objects, GridView photoWall) { super(context, textViewResourceId, objects); mPhotoWall = photoWall; taskCollection = new HashSet<BitmapWorkerTask>(); // 獲取應(yīng)用程序最大可用內(nèi)存 int maxMemory = (int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory(); int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8; // 設(shè)置圖片緩存大小為程序最大可用內(nèi)存的1/8 mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) { @Override protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { return bitmap.getByteCount(); } }; mPhotoWall.setOnScrollListener(this); } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { final String url = getItem(position); View view; if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.photo_layout, null); } else { view = convertView; } final ImageView photo = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.photo); // 給ImageView設(shè)置一個(gè)Tag,保證異步加載圖片時(shí)不會(huì)亂序 photo.setTag(url); setImageView(url, photo); return view; } /** * 給ImageView設(shè)置圖片。首先從LruCache中取出圖片的緩存,設(shè)置到ImageView上。如果LruCache中沒(méi)有該圖片的緩存, * 就給ImageView設(shè)置一張默認(rèn)圖片。 * * @param imageUrl * 圖片的URL地址,用于作為L(zhǎng)ruCache的鍵。 * @param imageView * 用于顯示圖片的控件。 */ private void setImageView(String imageUrl, ImageView imageView) { Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl); if (bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } else { imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.empty_photo); } } /** * 將一張圖片存儲(chǔ)到LruCache中。 * * @param key * LruCache的鍵,這里傳入圖片的URL地址。 * @param bitmap * LruCache的鍵,這里傳入從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上下載的Bitmap對(duì)象。 */ public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { if (getBitmapFromMemoryCache(key) == null) { mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap); } } /** * 從LruCache中獲取一張圖片,如果不存在就返回null。 * * @param key * LruCache的鍵,這里傳入圖片的URL地址。 * @return 對(duì)應(yīng)傳入鍵的Bitmap對(duì)象,或者null。 */ public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemoryCache(String key) { return mMemoryCache.get(key); } @Override public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) { // 僅當(dāng)GridView靜止時(shí)才去下載圖片,GridView滑動(dòng)時(shí)取消所有正在下載的任務(wù) if (scrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) { loadBitmaps(mFirstVisibleItem, mVisibleItemCount); } else { cancelAllTasks(); } } @Override public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) { mFirstVisibleItem = firstVisibleItem; mVisibleItemCount = visibleItemCount; // 下載的任務(wù)應(yīng)該由onScrollStateChanged里調(diào)用,但首次進(jìn)入程序時(shí)onScrollStateChanged并不會(huì)調(diào)用, // 因此在這里為首次進(jìn)入程序開(kāi)啟下載任務(wù)。 if (isFirstEnter && visibleItemCount > 0) { loadBitmaps(firstVisibleItem, visibleItemCount); isFirstEnter = false; } } /** * 加載Bitmap對(duì)象。此方法會(huì)在LruCache中檢查所有屏幕中可見(jiàn)的ImageView的Bitmap對(duì)象, * 如果發(fā)現(xiàn)任何一個(gè)ImageView的Bitmap對(duì)象不在緩存中,就會(huì)開(kāi)啟異步線程去下載圖片。 * * @param firstVisibleItem * 第一個(gè)可見(jiàn)的ImageView的下標(biāo) * @param visibleItemCount * 屏幕中總共可見(jiàn)的元素?cái)?shù) */ private void loadBitmaps(int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount) { try { for (int i = firstVisibleItem; i < firstVisibleItem + visibleItemCount; i++) { String imageUrl = Images.imageThumbUrls[i]; Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl); if (bitmap == null) { BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(); taskCollection.add(task); task.execute(imageUrl); } else { ImageView imageView = (ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl); if (imageView != null && bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 取消所有正在下載或等待下載的任務(wù)。 */ public void cancelAllTasks() { if (taskCollection != null) { for (BitmapWorkerTask task : taskCollection) { task.cancel(false); } } } /** * 異步下載圖片的任務(wù)。 * * @author guolin */ class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap> { /** * 圖片的URL地址 */ private String imageUrl; @Override protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) { imageUrl = params[0]; // 在后臺(tái)開(kāi)始下載圖片 Bitmap bitmap = downloadBitmap(params[0]); if (bitmap != null) { // 圖片下載完成后緩存到LrcCache中 addBitmapToMemoryCache(params[0], bitmap); } return bitmap; } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) { super.onPostExecute(bitmap); // 根據(jù)Tag找到相應(yīng)的ImageView控件,將下載好的圖片顯示出來(lái)。 ImageView imageView = (ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl); if (imageView != null && bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } taskCollection.remove(this); } /** * 建立HTTP請(qǐng)求,并獲取Bitmap對(duì)象。 * * @param imageUrl * 圖片的URL地址 * @return 解析后的Bitmap對(duì)象 */ private Bitmap downloadBitmap(String imageUrl) { Bitmap bitmap = null; HttpURLConnection con = null; try { URL url = new URL(imageUrl); con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); con.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); con.setReadTimeout(10 * 1000); bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(con.getInputStream()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (con != null) { con.disconnect(); } } return bitmap; } } }
PhotoWallAdapter是整個(gè)照片墻程序中最關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)類了,這里我來(lái)重點(diǎn)給大家講解一下。首先在PhotoWallAdapter的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中,我們初始化了LruCache類,并設(shè)置了最大緩存容量為程序最大可用內(nèi)存的1/8,接下來(lái)又為GridView注冊(cè)了一個(gè)滾動(dòng)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器。然后在getView()方法中,我們?yōu)槊總€(gè)ImageView設(shè)置了一個(gè)唯一的Tag,這個(gè)Tag的作用是為了后面能夠準(zhǔn)確地找回這個(gè)ImageView,不然異步加載圖片會(huì)出現(xiàn)亂序的情況。之后調(diào)用了setImageView()方法為ImageView設(shè)置一張圖片,這個(gè)方法首先會(huì)從LruCache緩存中查找是否已經(jīng)緩存了這張圖片,如果成功找到則將緩存中的圖片顯示在ImageView上,否則就顯示一張默認(rèn)的空?qǐng)D片。
看了半天,那到底是在哪里下載圖片的呢?這是在GridView的滾動(dòng)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器中進(jìn)行的,在onScrollStateChanged()方法中,我們對(duì)GridView的滾動(dòng)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了判斷,如果當(dāng)前GridView是靜止的,則調(diào)用loadBitmaps()方法去下載圖片,如果GridView正在滾動(dòng),則取消掉所有下載任務(wù),這樣可以保證GridView滾動(dòng)的流暢性。在loadBitmaps()方法中,我們?yōu)槠聊簧纤锌梢?jiàn)的GridView子元素開(kāi)啟了一個(gè)線程去執(zhí)行下載任務(wù),下載成功后將圖片存儲(chǔ)到LruCache當(dāng)中,然后通過(guò)Tag找到相應(yīng)的ImageView控件,把下載好的圖片顯示出來(lái)。
由于我們使用了LruCache來(lái)緩存圖片,所以不需要擔(dān)心內(nèi)存溢出的情況,當(dāng)LruCache中存儲(chǔ)圖片的總大小達(dá)到容量上限的時(shí)候,會(huì)自動(dòng)把最近最少使用的圖片從緩存中移除。
最后新建或打開(kāi)MainActivity作為程序的主Activity,代碼如下所示:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { /** * 用于展示照片墻的GridView */ private GridView mPhotoWall; /** * GridView的適配器 */ private PhotoWallAdapter adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mPhotoWall = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.photo_wall); adapter = new PhotoWallAdapter(this, 0, Images.imageThumbUrls, mPhotoWall); mPhotoWall.setAdapter(adapter); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); // 退出程序時(shí)結(jié)束所有的下載任務(wù) adapter.cancelAllTasks(); } }
MainActivity中的代碼非常簡(jiǎn)單,沒(méi)什么需要說(shuō)明的了,在Activity被銷毀時(shí)取消掉了所有的下載任務(wù),避免程序在后臺(tái)耗費(fèi)流量。另外由于我們使用了網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能,別忘了在AndroidManifest.xml中加入網(wǎng)絡(luò)權(quán)限的聲明。
現(xiàn)在可以運(yùn)行一下程序了,效果如下圖所示:
可以看到,滾動(dòng)照片墻,會(huì)異步加載圖片到相應(yīng)的ImageView上。隨著加載圖片的增多,會(huì)釋放掉一些之前加載過(guò)的圖片,你多滾動(dòng)幾次就可以看得出了。另外為了能讓大家明顯看出圖片的釋放情況,我在這個(gè)程序中沒(méi)有使用本地緩存,所有被釋放掉的圖片再次顯示需要從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上再下載一遍。在實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目中配合適當(dāng)?shù)谋镜鼐彺嫘Ч麜?huì)更好。
打開(kāi)DDMS,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),由于有LruCache幫我們管理圖片緩存,不管如何滾動(dòng)照片墻,程序內(nèi)存始終會(huì)保持在一個(gè)合理的范圍內(nèi)。
感謝你能夠認(rèn)真閱讀完這篇文章,希望小編分享的“Android怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)照片墻效果”這篇文章對(duì)大家有幫助,同時(shí)也希望大家多多支持億速云,關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道,更多相關(guān)知識(shí)等著你來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)!
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