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最近在做一個(gè)“溫濕度控制”的項(xiàng)目,項(xiàng)目要求通過用戶設(shè)定的溫濕度數(shù)值和實(shí)時(shí)采集到的數(shù)值進(jìn)行比對(duì)分析,因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比與分析是一個(gè)通過前端頁(yè)面控制的定時(shí)任務(wù),經(jīng)理要求在用戶開啟定時(shí)任務(wù)時(shí),單獨(dú)開啟一個(gè)線程進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比分析,并將采集到的溫濕度數(shù)值存入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的歷史數(shù)據(jù)表,按照我們正常的邏輯應(yīng)該是用戶在請(qǐng)求開啟定時(shí)任務(wù)時(shí),前端頁(yè)面通過調(diào)用后端接口,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的線程來執(zhí)行定時(shí)任務(wù),然后在線程類中使用 @Autowired
注解注入保存歷史數(shù)據(jù)的service層,在線程類中調(diào)用service層保存歷史數(shù)據(jù)的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)溫濕度數(shù)據(jù)的保存,這時(shí)就出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)很尷尬的問題,在新開啟的線程中使用 @Autowired
注解無法注入需要的bean(即:保存歷史數(shù)據(jù)的service層),程序一直在報(bào) NullPointerException
。
這是controller層,方法 startExperiment 和 stopExperiment 分別是開始定時(shí)任務(wù)和停止定時(shí)任務(wù)的方法,getData方法不屬于本次討論范圍,不用管
package com.backstage.controller; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.backstage.entity.JsonResponse; import com.backstage.entity.Threshold; import com.backstage.service.MainPageService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @ProjectName: * @Package: com.backstage.controller * @ClassName: MainPageController * @Description: 主頁(yè)面相關(guān)操作控制器 * @Author: wangzhilong * @CreateDate: 2018/8/29 9:49 * @Version: 1.0 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/main") public class MainPageController { @Autowired private MainPageService mainPageService; /** * 開始實(shí)驗(yàn) * * @param threshold */ @RequestMapping("/startExperiment") public JsonResponse startExperiment(HttpServletRequest request, Threshold threshold) { return mainPageService.startExperiment(request, threshold); } /** * 停止實(shí)驗(yàn) */ @RequestMapping("/stopExperiment") public JsonResponse stopExperiment() { return mainPageService.stopExperiment(); } /** * 獲取實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù) * * @return */ @RequestMapping("/getData") public JSONObject getData() { return null; } }
service 層接口代碼,沒什么好說的,直接上代碼:
package com.backstage.service; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.backstage.entity.JsonResponse; import com.backstage.entity.Threshold; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @ProjectName: * @Package: com.backstage.service * @ClassName: MainPageService * @Description: 主頁(yè)面相關(guān)操作業(yè)務(wù)層接口 * @Author: wangzhilong * @CreateDate: 2018/8/29 9:51 * @Version: 1.0 */ public interface MainPageService { /** * 開始實(shí)驗(yàn) * * @param threshold */ JsonResponse startExperiment(HttpServletRequest request, Threshold threshold); /** * 停止實(shí)驗(yàn) */ JsonResponse stopExperiment(); /** * 獲取實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù) * * @return */ JSONObject getData(); }
service 層實(shí)現(xiàn)類代碼,關(guān)于springboot項(xiàng)目使用多線程進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)處理不屬于本章節(jié)的討論范圍,如有需要,請(qǐng)留言,我會(huì)在看到留言后第一時(shí)間更新相關(guān)技術(shù)文章,由于這里刪除了一些與本章節(jié)無關(guān)的代碼,如果復(fù)制到開發(fā)工具內(nèi)有報(bào)錯(cuò)問題,麻煩大家提醒我一下,以便修改,非常感謝
package com.backstage.service.impl; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.backstage.entity.*; import com.backstage.monitor.TimingMonitoring; import com.backstage.service.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger; import org.springframework.scheduling.TriggerContext; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler; import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture; /** * @ProjectName: * @Package: com.backstage.service.impl * @ClassName: MainPageServiceImpl * @Description: 主頁(yè)面相關(guān)操作業(yè)務(wù)層實(shí)現(xiàn)類 * @Author: wangzhilong * @CreateDate: 2018/8/29 9:51 * @Version: 1.0 */ @Service public class MainPageServiceImpl implements MainPageService { @Autowired private ThreadPoolTaskScheduler threadPoolTaskScheduler; private ScheduledFuture<?> future2; @Bean public ThreadPoolTaskScheduler threadPoolTaskScheduler() { return new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler(); } /** * 開始實(shí)驗(yàn) * * @param threshold */ @Override public JsonResponse startExperiment(HttpServletRequest request, Threshold threshold) { TimingMonitoring timingMonitoring = new TimingMonitoring(); timingMonitoring.setThreshold(threshold, list, experiment.getId(), experimentData.getId()); future2 = threadPoolTaskScheduler.schedule(new TimingMonitoring(), new Trigger() { @Override public Date nextExecutionTime(TriggerContext triggerContext) { //設(shè)置定時(shí)任務(wù)的執(zhí)行時(shí)間為3秒鐘執(zhí)行一次 return new CronTrigger("0/10 * * * * ?").nextExecutionTime(triggerContext); } }); return new JsonResponse(0,"開始實(shí)驗(yàn)!"); } /** * 停止實(shí)驗(yàn) */ @Override public JsonResponse stopExperiment() { if (future2 != null) { experimentService.upd(getTime()); future2.cancel(true); } return new JsonResponse(0,"結(jié)束實(shí)驗(yàn)!"); } /** * 獲取實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù) * * @return */ @Override public JSONObject getData() { return null; } protected String getTime() { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); return format.format(new Date()); } }
重點(diǎn),線程類代碼,大家注意看,我在代碼最開始使用了spring的 @Autowired 注解注入需要的service,可在調(diào)用service中的add方法時(shí),程序報(bào)空指針異常,一直認(rèn)為是add方法或者sql語(yǔ)句有問題,找了一上午,也沒發(fā)現(xiàn)任何問題,后來單獨(dú)調(diào)用這個(gè)add方法是可以正常插入數(shù)據(jù)的,唯獨(dú)在這個(gè)線程類中調(diào)用時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò),感覺和線程有莫大的關(guān)系,百度一搜,還真找到了,原來,在線程中為了線程安全,是防注入的,沒辦法,要用到這個(gè)類啊。只能從bean工廠里拿個(gè)實(shí)例了,繼續(xù)往下看
package com.backstage.monitor; import com.backstage.entity.DetailedData; import com.backstage.entity.Threshold; import com.backstage.entity.ValveValue; import com.backstage.service.DetailedDataService; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; /** * @ProjectName: * @Package: com.backstage.monitor * @ClassName: TimingMonitoring * @Description: 定時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)溫(濕)度 數(shù)據(jù) * @Author: wangzhilong * @CreateDate: 2018/8/29 10:11 * @Version: 1.0 */ public class TimingMonitoring implements Runnable{ //歷史數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)層接口 @Autowired public DetailedDataService detailedDataService; private Threshold threshold; //閾值實(shí)體類 private List<ValveValue> settingData; //設(shè)定的溫濕度數(shù)據(jù) private Integer id; //實(shí)驗(yàn)記錄id private Integer dataId; //歷史數(shù)據(jù)主表id public void setThreshold(Threshold threshold, List<ValveValue> settingData, Integer id, Integer dataId) { this.threshold = threshold; this.settingData = settingData; this.id = id; this.dataId = dataId; } @Override public void run() { //模擬從PLC獲取到的數(shù)據(jù) String data = "001,50.5,002,37,003,45.6,004,40,005,55.2,006,58"; if (data == null || data.trim() == "") { return; //若獲取到的數(shù)據(jù)為空,則直接停止該方法的執(zhí)行 } double temperature = 0.0; //溫度 double humidity = 0.0; //濕度 Integer type = null; //數(shù)據(jù)類型,1是溫度,2是濕度 //解析數(shù)據(jù),并將數(shù)據(jù)保存到歷史數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) String[] str = data.split(","); SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SS"); for (int i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { if (i == 1 || i == 5 || i == 9) { //溫度 type = 1; temperature += Double.parseDouble(str[i]); //System.out.println("溫度" + i + " -》 " + str[i-1] + ":" + str[i]); detailedDataService.add(new DetailedData(null, type, Double.parseDouble(str[i]), format.format(new Date()), str[i - 1], dataId)); } if (i == 3 || i == 7 || i == 11) { //濕度 type = 2; humidity += Double.parseDouble(str[i]); //System.out.println("濕度" + i + " -》 " + str[i-1] + ":" + str[i]); detailedDataService.add(new DetailedData(null, type, Double.parseDouble(str[i]), format.format(new Date()), str[i - 1], dataId)); } } } /** * 獲取當(dāng)前時(shí)間,精確到毫秒 * @return */ protected String getTime() { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SS"); return format.format(new Date()); } }
獲取bean對(duì)象的工具類,既然程序無法通過注解拿到需要的bean,那就只好自己寫個(gè)工具類來獲取嘍,下面是工具類代碼
package com.backstage.config; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @ProjectName: * @Package: com.backstage.config * @ClassName: ApplicationContextProvider * @Description: 獲取bean對(duì)象的工具類 * @Author: wangzhilong * @CreateDate: 2018/8/31 13:26 * @Version: 1.0 */ /** * Author:ZhuShangJin * Date:2018/7/3 */ @Component public class ApplicationContextProvider implements ApplicationContextAware { /** * 上下文對(duì)象實(shí)例 */ private static ApplicationContext applicationContext; @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { this.applicationContext = applicationContext; } /** * 獲取applicationContext * * @return */ public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() { return applicationContext; } /** * 通過name獲取 Bean. * * @param name * @return */ public static Object getBean(String name) { return getApplicationContext().getBean(name); } /** * 通過class獲取Bean. * * @param clazz * @param <T> * @return */ public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) { return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz); } /** * 通過name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean * * @param name * @param clazz * @param <T> * @return */ public static <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> clazz) { return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz); } }
這樣呢,就可以在線程類中寫一個(gè)無參的構(gòu)造方法,在構(gòu)造方法中,通過調(diào)用工具類中的 getBean() 方法就可以拿到實(shí)例了,程序在調(diào)用這個(gè)線程類時(shí),會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)用其無參的構(gòu)造方法,在構(gòu)造方法中我們將需要的bean對(duì)象注入,然后就可以正常使用了,下邊是線程類修改后的代碼,由于別的地方?jīng)]有改動(dòng),所以這里只給大家改動(dòng)的代碼,省得大家看到一大堆代碼頭疼。
public TimingMonitoring() { //new的時(shí)候注入需要的bean this.detailedDataService = ApplicationContextProvider.getBean(DetailedDataService.class); }
總結(jié)
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的SpringBoot項(xiàng)目使用多線程處理任務(wù)時(shí)無法通過@Autowired注入bean 問題,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問歡迎給我留言,小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的!
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