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jdbc連接數(shù)據(jù)庫實例詳解

發(fā)布時間:2020-10-01 07:34:54 來源:腳本之家 閱讀:138 作者:laozhang 欄目:編程語言

JDBC簡介

JDBC全稱為:Java Data Base Connectivity (java數(shù)據(jù)庫連接),可以為多種數(shù)據(jù)庫提供填統(tǒng)一的訪問。JDBC是sun開發(fā)的一套數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問編程接口,是一種SQL級的API。它是由java語言編寫完成,所以具有很好的跨平臺特性,使用JDBC編寫的數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用程序可以在任何支持java的平臺上運行,而不必在不同的平臺上編寫不同的應(yīng)用程序。

JDBC編程步驟

(1)加載驅(qū)動程序:

下載驅(qū)動包 : http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/

解壓,得到 jar文件。將該文件復制到Java工程目錄Java Resources/Libraries/ 下,→ buildpath 。

(2)獲得數(shù)據(jù)庫連接

(3)創(chuàng)建Statement對象:

(4)向數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)送SQL命令

(5)處理數(shù)據(jù)庫的返回結(jié)果(ResultSet類)

package com.baidu.emp.jdbcTest;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
 
import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
/**
 * 開始使用jdbc連接數(shù)據(jù)庫
 * @author Admin
 *
 */
public class Test001 {
 
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
    /**
     * 加載驅(qū)動
     */
    // 方法一:
    /*
     * import java.sql.DriverManager; import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
     */
    // Driver driver = new Driver();
    // DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
 
    // 方法二:(推薦使用)
    Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
 
    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建鏈接
     */
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc";
    String user = "root";
    String password = "root";
    Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
 
    // 創(chuàng)建statement對象
    Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
 
    /**
     * 執(zhí)行SQL,獲取結(jié)果集
     */
    String sql = "select * from test01";
    ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery(sql);
 
    // 遍歷結(jié)果集
    while (result.next()) {
      String name = result.getString("name");
      int id = result.getInt("id");
      System.out.println(name + "\t" + id);
    }
 
    /**
     * 關(guān)閉鏈接,釋放資源
     */
    result.close();
    statement.close();
    connection.close();
  }
}

防止SQL注入改用prepareStatement

package com.boya.emp.jdbcTest;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
/**
 * SQL注入,使用prepareStatement對象進行預編譯
 * @author Admin
 *
 */
public class Test002 {
 
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 
    /**
     * 加載驅(qū)動
     */
    Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
 
    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建鏈接
     */
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc";
    String user = "root";
    String password = "root";
    Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
 
    // 寫SQL 
    String sql = "select * from test01 where id = ?";
    //創(chuàng)建statement對象,預編譯
    PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    //設(shè)置參數(shù)
    statement.setInt(1, 2);
    /**
     * 執(zhí)行SQL,獲取結(jié)果集
     */
    ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery();
 
    // 遍歷結(jié)果集
    while (result.next()) {
      String name = result.getString("name");
      int id = result.getInt("id");
      System.out.println(name + "\t" + id);
    }
 
    /**
     * 關(guān)閉鏈接,釋放資源
     */
    result.close();
    statement.close();
    connection.close();
  }
}

進行代碼優(yōu)化,設(shè)置配置文件,工具類,實現(xiàn)增刪該查

增加配置文件方便修改數(shù)據(jù)庫,用戶登錄。。。

jdbc.properties(配置文件名)

driverName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc
userName=root
password=root

注意寫配置文件時中間不可以有空格,引號之類的

工具類:增強了代碼的復用性

package com.baidu.emp.utils;
 
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
 
import org.junit.Test;
 
 
 
public class JdbcUtils {
 
  static String driverClassName;
  static String url;
  static String user;
  static String password;
 
  static {
    // 創(chuàng)建配置文件對象
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    // 加載配置文件輸入流
    InputStream inputStream = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
    // 重新加載配置文件
    try {
      properties.load(inputStream);
      // 獲取配置文件的值
      driverClassName = properties.getProperty("driverName");
      url = properties.getProperty("url");
      user = properties.getProperty("userName");
      password = properties.getProperty("password");
      Class.forName(driverClassName);
 
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // 拋出異常
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * 獲取連接
   */
  @Test
  public void testName() throws Exception {
     
    System.out.println(driverClassName);
  }
  public static Connection getConnection() {
    Connection connection = null;
    try {
      connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      // 拋出異常
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    return connection;
  }
 
  /**
   * 關(guān)閉鏈接,釋放資源
   */
  public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement statement, ResultSet resultSet) {
 
    try {
      if (resultSet != null) {
        resultSet.close();
      }
      resultSet = null; // 垃圾及時清除
      //注意,不要弄成死循環(huán)
      close(connection, statement);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
 
  }
 
  /**
   * 增刪改釋放資源
   */
  public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement statement) {
 
    try {
      if (connection != null) {
        connection.close();
      }
         
      connection = null;
      if (statement != null) {
        statement.close();
      }
      statement = null;
 
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
 
  }
 
}

測試增刪改查:

package com.baidu.emp.jdbcTest;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
 
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
 
import com.baidu.emp.utils.JdbcUtils;
 
/**
 * 使用jdbcUtils連接數(shù)據(jù)庫進行增刪改查
 * 
 * @author Admin
 *
 */
public class Test003 {
 
  // 初始化值
  Connection connection = null;
  PreparedStatement statement = null;
  ResultSet result = null;
 
  @Before
  public void start() throws Exception {
    // 創(chuàng)建鏈接
    connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
    System.out.println("創(chuàng)建鏈接");
  }
 
  @After
  public void end() throws Exception {
    // 關(guān)閉鏈接
    JdbcUtils.close(connection, statement, result);
    System.out.println("關(guān)閉鏈接");
  }
   
  /**
   *插入數(shù)據(jù)
   * @throws Exception
   */
  @Test
  public void add() throws Exception {
    String sql = "insert into test01 values(null,?)";
    statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    statement.setString(1, "李四");
    int result = statement.executeUpdate();
    if (result!=0) {
      System.out.println("添加成功");
    }
  }
  /**
   * 刪除數(shù)據(jù)
   * @throws Exception
   */
  @Test
  public void del() throws Exception {
    String sql = "delete from test01 where id =?";
    statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    statement.setInt(1,3);
    int result = statement.executeUpdate();
    if (result!=0) {
      System.out.println("刪除成功");
    }
  }
  /**
   * 修改數(shù)據(jù)
   * @throws Exception
   */
  @Test
  public void change() throws Exception {
    String sql = "update test01 set name = ? where id = ?";
    statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    statement.setString(1, "張飛");
    statement.setInt(2, 2);
    int result = statement.executeUpdate();
    if (result!=0) {
      System.out.println("修改成功");
    }
  }
   
  /**
   * 查詢?nèi)繑?shù)據(jù)
   * @throws Exception
   */
  @Test
  public void findAll() throws Exception {
    String sql = "select id , name from test01";
    statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    result = statement.executeQuery();
    if (result.next()) {
      System.out.println("查詢成功");
    }
  }
   
  /**
   * 條件查詢數(shù)據(jù)
   * @throws Exception
   */
  @Test
  public void findOne() throws Exception {
    String sql = "select id , name from test01 where id = ?";
    statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    statement.setInt(1, 2);
    result = statement.executeQuery();
    if (result.next()) {
      System.out.println("查詢成功");
    }
  }
 
}

以上就是相關(guān)知識以及相關(guān)代碼,感謝大家對億速云的支持。

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