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目前主流的消息中間件有activemq，rabbitmq，rocketmq，kafka，我們要根據(jù)實(shí)際的業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景來選擇一款合適的消息中間件，關(guān)注的主要指標(biāo)有，消息投遞的可靠性，可維護(hù)性，吞吐量以及中間件的特色等重要指標(biāo)來選擇，大數(shù)據(jù)領(lǐng)域肯定是kafka，那么傳統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)景就是解耦，異步，削峰。那么就在剩下的3款產(chǎn)品中選擇一款，從吞吐量，社區(qū)的活躍度，消息的可靠性出發(fā)，一般的中小型公司選擇rabbitmq來說可能更為合適。那么我們就來看看如何使用它吧。
環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
本案例基于springboot集成rabbitmq，本案例主要側(cè)重要實(shí)際的code，對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)請(qǐng)自行百度。
jdk-version：1.8
rabbitmq-version：3.7
springboot-version：2.1.4.RELEASE
pom文件
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
yml配置文件
spring: rabbitmq: password: guest username: guest port: 5672 addresses: 127.0.0.1 #開啟發(fā)送失敗返回 publisher-returns: true #開啟發(fā)送確認(rèn) publisher-confirms: true listener: simple: #指定最小的消費(fèi)者數(shù)量. concurrency: 2 #指定最大的消費(fèi)者數(shù)量. max-concurrency: 2 #開啟ack acknowledge-mode: auto #開啟ack direct: acknowledge-mode: auto #支持消息的確認(rèn)與返回 template: mandatory: true
配置rabbitMq的姿勢(shì)
姿勢(shì)一
基于javaconfig
package com.lly.order.message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @ClassName RabbitMqConfig
* @Description rabbitMq配置類
* @Author lly
* @Date 2019-05-13 15:05
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfig {
public final static String DIRECT_QUEUE = "directQueue";
public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE = "topic_queue_one";
public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO = "topic_queue_two";
public final static String FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE = "fanout_queue_one";
public final static String FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO = "fanout_queue_two";
public final static String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic_exchange";
public final static String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout_exchange";
public final static String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_ONE = "common_key";
public final static String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_TWO = "*.key";
// direct模式隊(duì)列
@Bean
public Queue directQueue() {
return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE, true);
}
// topic 訂閱者模式隊(duì)列
@Bean
public Queue topicQueueOne() {
return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE, true);
}
@Bean
public Queue topicQueueTwo() {
return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true);
}
// fanout 廣播者模式隊(duì)列
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueOne() {
return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE, true);
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueTwo() {
return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO, true);
}
// topic 交換器
@Bean
public TopicExchange topExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE);
}
// fanout 交換器
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE);
}
// 訂閱者模式綁定
@Bean
public Binding topExchangeBingingOne() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueOne()).to(topExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_ONE);
}
@Bean
public Binding topicExchangeBingingTwo() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueTwo()).to(topExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_TWO);
}
// 廣播模式綁定
@Bean
public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingOne() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueOne()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingTwo() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueTwo()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
姿勢(shì)二
基于注解
package com.lly.order.message;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* @ClassName MQTest
* @Description 消息隊(duì)列測(cè)試
* @Author lly
* @Date 2019-05-13 10:50
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MQTest implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback {
private final static String QUEUE = "test_queue";
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public MQTest(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(this);
}
public void sendMq() {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("test_queue", "test_queue" + LocalTime.now());
log.info("發(fā)送消息:{}", "test_queue" + LocalTime.now());
}
public void sendMqRabbit() {
//回調(diào)id
CorrelationData cId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
// rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", "廣播者模式測(cè)試",cId);
Object object = rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive(RabbitMqConfig.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", "廣播者模式測(cè)試", cId);
log.info("發(fā)送消息:{},object:{}", "廣播者模式測(cè)試" + LocalTime.now(), object);
}
//發(fā)送訂閱者模式
public void sendMqExchange() {
CorrelationData cId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
CorrelationData cId01 = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
log.info("訂閱者模式->發(fā)送消息:routing_key_one");
rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("topic_exchange", "routing_key_one", "routing_key_one" + LocalTime.now(), cId);
log.info("訂閱者模式->發(fā)送消息routing_key_two");
rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("topic_exchange", "routing_key_two", "routing_key_two" + LocalTime.now(), cId01);
}
//如果不存在，自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建隊(duì)列
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("test_queue"))
public void receiverMq(String msg) {
log.info("接收到隊(duì)列消息:{}", msg);
}
//如果不存在，自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建隊(duì)列和交換器并且綁定
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "topic_queue01", durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "topic_exchange", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "routing_key_one")})
public void receiverMqExchage(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException {
long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
log.info("接收到topic_routing_key_one消息:{}", msg);
//發(fā)生異常
log.error("發(fā)生異常");
int i = 1 / 0;
//告訴服務(wù)器收到這條消息 已經(jīng)被我消費(fèi)了 可以在隊(duì)列刪掉 這樣以后就不會(huì)再發(fā)了 否則消息服務(wù)器以為這條消息沒處理掉 后續(xù)還會(huì)在發(fā)
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("接收消息失敗,重新放回隊(duì)列");
//requeu，為true，代表重新放入隊(duì)列多次失敗重新放回會(huì)導(dǎo)致隊(duì)列堵塞或死循環(huán)問題，
// 解決方案，剔除此消息，然后記錄到db中去補(bǔ)償
//channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, false, true);
//拒絕消息
//channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, true);
}
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "topic_queue02", durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "topic_exchange", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "routing_key_two")})
public void receiverMqExchageTwo(String msg) {
log.info("接收到topic_routing_key_two消息:{}", msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMqConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE)
public void receiverMqFanout(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException {
long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
log.info("接收到隊(duì)列fanout_queue_one消息:{}", msg);
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
//多次失敗重新放回會(huì)導(dǎo)致隊(duì)列堵塞或死循環(huán)問題 丟棄這條消息
// channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, false);
log.error("接收消息失敗");
}
}
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMqConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO)
public void receiverMqFanoutTwo(String msg) {
log.info("接收到隊(duì)列fanout_queue_two消息:{}", msg);
}
/**
* @return
* @Author lly
* @Description 確認(rèn)消息是否發(fā)送到exchange
* @Date 2019-05-14 15:36
* @Param [correlationData, ack, cause]
**/
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
log.info("消息唯一標(biāo)識(shí)id:{}", correlationData);
log.info("消息確認(rèn)結(jié)果!");
log.error("消息失敗原因,cause:{}", cause);
}
/**
* @return
* @Author lly
* @Description 消息消費(fèi)發(fā)生異常時(shí)返回
* @Date 2019-05-14 16:22
* @Param [message, replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey]
**/
@Override
public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
log.info("消息發(fā)送失敗id:{}", message.getMessageProperties().getCorrelationId());
log.info("消息主體 message : ", message);
log.info("消息主體 message : ", replyCode);
log.info("描述：" + replyText);
log.info("消息使用的交換器 exchange : ", exchange);
log.info("消息使用的路由鍵 routing : ", routingKey);
}
}
rabbitMq消息確認(rèn)的三種方式
# 發(fā)送消息后直接確認(rèn)消息 acknowledge-mode:none # 根據(jù)消息消費(fèi)的情況，智能判定消息的確認(rèn)情況 acknowledge-mode:auto # 手動(dòng)確認(rèn)消息的情況 acknowledge-mode:manual
我們以topic模式來試驗(yàn)下消息的ack
自動(dòng)確認(rèn)消息模式
手動(dòng)確認(rèn)消息模式
然后我們?cè)俅蜗M(fèi)消息，發(fā)現(xiàn)消息是沒有被確認(rèn)的，所以可以被再次消費(fèi)
發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的消息還是存在的沒有被隊(duì)列刪除，必須手動(dòng)去ack，我們修改隊(duì)列1的手動(dòng)ack看看效果
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
重啟項(xiàng)目再次消費(fèi)消息
再次查看隊(duì)列里的消息,發(fā)現(xiàn)隊(duì)列01里的消息被刪除了，隊(duì)列02的還是存在。
消費(fèi)消息發(fā)生異常的情況，修改代碼 模擬發(fā)生異常的情況下發(fā)生了什么， 異常發(fā)生了，消息被重放進(jìn)了隊(duì)列
但是會(huì)導(dǎo)致消息不停的循環(huán)消費(fèi)，然后失敗，致死循環(huán)調(diào)用大量服務(wù)器資源
所以我們正確的處理方式是，發(fā)生異常，將消息記錄到db，再通過補(bǔ)償機(jī)制來補(bǔ)償消息，或者記錄消息的重復(fù)次數(shù)，進(jìn)行重試，超過幾次后再放到db中。
總結(jié)
通過實(shí)際的code我們了解的rabbitmq在項(xiàng)目的具體的整合情況，消息ack的幾種情況，方便在實(shí)際的場(chǎng)景中選擇合適的方案來使用。如有不足，還望不吝賜教。希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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