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小編給大家分享一下iOS中數(shù)組的操作示例,相信大部分人都還不怎么了解,因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲,下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧!
數(shù)組是線性結(jié)構(gòu)是容器類型,是一塊連續(xù)的內(nèi)存空間, iOS 中用 NSArray 和 NSMutableArray 集合類型,用來存放對象類型,其中 NSArray是不可變類型, NSMutableArray 是可變類型,能夠?qū)?shù)組中元素進(jìn)行增刪改查.
本文作者本著學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度,決定仿照NSArray和NSMutableArray 自己實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)數(shù)組類型,當(dāng)然性能可能沒有 NSArray和NSMutableArray 的好,插入100000萬條數(shù)據(jù),時(shí)間上是 NSMutableArray 的三倍左右 ,當(dāng)然平時(shí)使用過程中很少100000次這樣大的數(shù)據(jù)往數(shù)組里添加,因此性能方面可以忽略.
ArrayList.h 主要方法聲明 完全照搬 NSArray 和 NSMutableArray 的方法名稱
先發(fā)下測試結(jié)果
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{ Person *p1 = [[Person alloc] init]; NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:100000]; // ArrayList *array = [ArrayList arrayWithCapacity:100000]; CFAbsoluteTime startTime =CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent(); for (int i = 0; i<100000; i++) { [array addObject:p1]; } CFAbsoluteTime linkTime = (CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - startTime); CFTimeInterval duration = linkTime * 1000.0f; NSLog(@"Linked in %f ms",duration); [self->_timeArray addObject:@(duration)]; count++; }); NSMutableArray 5.081740292635832 ms ArrayList 16.27591523257168 ms 以下是 ArrayList 的具體實(shí)現(xiàn) ,內(nèi)部是一個(gè) C語言的數(shù)組用來存放對象 // // ArrayList.m // ArrayList // // Created by dzb on 2018/7/19. // Copyright © 2018 大兵布萊恩特. All rights reserved. // #import "ArrayList.h" static NSInteger const defaultCapacity = 10; typedef void * AnyObject; @interface ArrayList () { AnyObject *_array; NSInteger _size; NSInteger _capacity; } @end @implementation ArrayList #pragma mark - init - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { [self resetArray]; } return self; } + (instancetype)array { return [[ArrayList alloc] initWithCapacity:defaultCapacity]; } + (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems { return [[ArrayList alloc] initWithCapacity:numItems]; } - (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems { _capacity = numItems; _array = calloc(_capacity,sizeof(AnyObject)); _size = 0; return self; } /** 數(shù)組重置 */ - (void) resetArray { _size = 0; if (_array != NULL) _array[_size] = NULL; free(_array); _capacity = defaultCapacity; _array = calloc(_capacity, sizeof(AnyObject)); } #pragma makr - 增加操作 - (void)addObject:(id)anObject { [self insertObject:anObject atIndex:_size]; } - (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)index { if (!anObject) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"add object null." reason:@"object must be not null ." userInfo:nil]; return; } ///判越界 if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return; } if (_size == _capacity-1) { ///判斷原來數(shù)組是否已經(jīng)滿了 如果滿了就需要增加數(shù)組長度 [self resize:2*_capacity]; } ///交換索引位置 if (self.count > 0 ) { for(NSInteger i = _size - 1 ; i >= index ; i--) _array[i + 1] = _array[i]; } self->_array[index] = (__bridge_retained AnyObject)(anObject); _size++; } #pragma mark - 刪除操作 - (void)removeAllObjects { NSInteger i = _size-1; while (_size > 0) { [self removeObjectAtIndex:i]; i--; } [self resetArray]; } - (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { ///判斷越界 if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return; } AnyObject object =(_array[index]); CFRelease(object); for(NSInteger i = index + 1 ; i < _size ; i ++) _array[i - 1] = _array[i]; _size--; _array[_size] = NULL; ///對數(shù)組空間縮減 if (_size == _capacity/2) { [self resize:_capacity/2]; } } - (void)removeObject:(id)anObject { NSInteger index = [self indexOfObject:anObject]; if (index == NSNotFound) return; [self removeObjectAtIndex:index]; } - (void)removeLastObject { if ([self isEmpty]) return; [self removeObjectAtIndex:_size-1]; } #pragma mark - 修改操作 - (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)anObject { if (!anObject) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"add object null." reason:@"object must be not null ." userInfo:nil]; return; } ///判斷越界 if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return; } _array[index] = (__bridge AnyObject)(anObject); } #pragma mark - 查詢操作 - (BOOL) isEmpty { return (self->_size == 0); } - (BOOL) isFull { return (self->_size == self->_capacity-1); } - (id)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return nil; } if ([self isEmpty]) { return nil; } AnyObject obj = _array[index]; if (obj == NULL) return nil; return (__bridge id)(obj); } - (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)anObject { for (int i = 0; i<_size; i++) { id obj = (__bridge id)(_array[i]); if ([anObject isEqual:obj]) return i; } return NSNotFound; } - (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject { for (int i = 0; i<_size; i++) { id obj = (__bridge id)(_array[i]); if ([anObject isEqual:obj]) return YES; } return NO; } - (id)firstObject { if ([self isEmpty]) return nil; return (__bridge id _Nullable)(_array[0]); } - (id)lastObject { if ([self isEmpty]) return nil; return (__bridge id _Nullable)(_array[_size]); } - (NSUInteger)count { return _size; } - (NSString *)description { NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"\nArrayList %p : [ \n" ,self]; for (int i = 0; i<_size; i++) { AnyObject obj = _array[i]; [string appendFormat:@"%@",(__bridge id)obj]; if (i<_size-1) { [string appendString:@" , \n"]; } } [string appendString:@"\n]\n"]; return string; } /** 對數(shù)組擴(kuò)容 @param capacity 新的容量 */ - (void) resize:(NSInteger)capacity { AnyObject *oldArray = _array; AnyObject *newArray = calloc(capacity, sizeof(AnyObject)); for (int i = 0 ; i<_size; i++) { newArray[i] = oldArray[i]; } _array = newArray; _capacity = capacity; free(oldArray); } - (void)dealloc { if (_array != NULL) [self removeAllObjects]; free(_array); // NSLog(@"ArrayList dealloc"); } @end
經(jīng)過測試 數(shù)組內(nèi)部會對存入的對象 進(jìn)行 retain 操作 其引用計(jì)數(shù)+1 ,當(dāng)對象從數(shù)組中移除的時(shí)候 能夠正常的使對象內(nèi)存引用計(jì)數(shù)-1,因此不必?fù)?dān)心對象內(nèi)存管理的問題. 數(shù)組默認(rèn)長度是10 , 如果在開發(fā)者不確定數(shù)組長度時(shí)候 ,其內(nèi)部可以動態(tài)的擴(kuò)容增加數(shù)組長度,當(dāng)執(zhí)行 remove 操作時(shí)候 也會對數(shù)組內(nèi)部長度 進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的縮減
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