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EventBus與Spring Event區(qū)別詳解(EventBus 事件機制,Spring Event事件機制)

發(fā)布時間:2020-09-17 09:48:00 來源:腳本之家 閱讀:329 作者:漫夭 欄目:編程語言

本地異步處理,采用事件機制 可以使 代碼解耦,更易讀。事件機制實現(xiàn)模式是 觀察者模式(或發(fā)布訂閱模式),主要分為三部分:發(fā)布者、監(jiān)聽者、事件。

Guava EventBus

Guava EventBus實現(xiàn)是觀察者模式,用法很簡單,先上代碼。

/**
 * Desc: 事件對象
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class HelloEvent {
  private String eventName;
}
 
 
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class WorldEvent extends HelloEvent {
 
  private int eventNo;
 
  public WorldEvent(String name, int no) {
    setEventName(name);
    setEventNo(no);
  }
}
 
/**
 * Desc: 事件監(jiān)聽器,可以監(jiān)聽多個事件。處理方法添加 @Subscribe 注解即可。
 */
public class GeventListener {
 
  /**
   * 監(jiān)聽 HelloEvent 類型及其父類型(Object)的事件
   */
  @Subscribe
  public void processEvent(HelloEvent event){
    System.out.println("process hello event, name:" + event.getEventName());
  }
 
  /**
   * 監(jiān)聽 WorldEvent 類型及其父類型(HelloEvent 和 Object)的事件
   */
  @Subscribe
  public void processWorldEvent(WorldEvent event) {
    System.out.println("process world eventV1, no:" + event.getEventNo() + ", name:" + event.getEventName());
  }
  /**
   * 注冊多個監(jiān)聽器 監(jiān)聽同一事件
   * @param event
   */
  @Subscribe
  public void processWorldEventV2(WorldEvent event) {
    System.out.println("process world eventV2, no:" + event.getEventNo() + ", name:" + event.getEventName());
  }
 
  @Subscribe
  public void processObject(Object object) {
    System.out.println("process common event, class:" + object.getClass().getSimpleName());
  }
}
 
public class GuavaTest {
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();
    GeventListener listener = new GeventListener();
    eventBus.register(listener);
 
    eventBus.post(new HelloEvent("hello"));
    eventBus.post(new WorldEvent("world", 23333));
  }
}

結(jié)果如下:

//HelloEvent被兩個監(jiān)聽器處理(HelloEvent類及Object類的監(jiān)聽器)
process hello event, name:hello
process common event, class:HelloEvent
//WorldEvent被四個監(jiān)聽器處理(兩個自己的,兩個父類的)
process world eventV1, no:23333, name:world
process world eventV2, no:23333, name:world
process hello event, name:world
process common event, class:WorldEvent

由上可知:Guava EventBus把類當(dāng)做事件,是以class為key注冊和管理事件的,value是事件監(jiān)聽器的method;事件監(jiān)聽器只處理某一類(及其父類)事件。

事件注冊與發(fā)布

//com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus#register
 public void register(Object object) {
 //key為Class, value為EventSubscriber(Object target, Method method)【集合】。注意這里Multimap 為HashMultimap, 即HashMap<K, Collection<V>>
  Multimap<Class<?>, EventSubscriber> methodsInListener =
    finder.findAllSubscribers(object);
  subscribersByTypeLock.writeLock().lock();
  try {
   subscribersByType.putAll(methodsInListener);
  } finally {
   subscribersByTypeLock.writeLock().unlock();
  }
 }
//com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus#post
 public void post(Object event) {
   //找到event類及其所有父類
  Set<Class<?>> dispatchTypes = flattenHierarchy(event.getClass());
  boolean dispatched = false;
  for (Class<?> eventType : dispatchTypes) {
   subscribersByTypeLock.readLock().lock();
   try {
   //找到所有事件訂閱者(事件監(jiān)聽器)
    Set<EventSubscriber> wrappers = subscribersByType.get(eventType);
    if (!wrappers.isEmpty()) {
     dispatched = true;
     for (EventSubscriber wrapper : wrappers) {
     //事件入隊列
      enqueueEvent(event, wrapper);
     }
    }
   } finally {
    subscribersByTypeLock.readLock().unlock();
   }
  }
//如果沒有訂閱者訂閱此類消息,則為 DeadEvent
  if (!dispatched && !(event instanceof DeadEvent)) {
   post(new DeadEvent(this, event));
  }
  dispatchQueuedEvents();
 }

事件隔離

多個EventBus可以隔離事件。

public class AnotherListener {
  /**
   * 監(jiān)聽 WorldEvent 類型及其父類型(HelloEvent 和 Object)的事件
   */
  @Subscribe
  public void processAnotherWorldEvent(WorldEvent event) {
    System.out.println("process another world event, no:" + event.getEventNo() + ", name:" + event.getEventName());
  }
}
public class GuavaTest {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();
    GeventListener listener = new GeventListener();
    eventBus.register(listener);
    eventBus.post(new HelloEvent("hello"));
    EventBus anotherEventBus = new EventBus();
    AnotherListener anotherListener = new AnotherListener();
    anotherEventBus.register(anotherListener);
    anotherEventBus.post(new WorldEvent("AnotherWorld", 666));
  }
}

結(jié)果是

//eventBus結(jié)果與之前相同

process hello event, name:hello

//anotherEventBus 發(fā)布的事件,只被其注冊的監(jiān)聽器處理

process common event, class:HelloEvent

process another world event, no:666, name:AnotherWorld

適用場景:

  1. 按照類區(qū)分事件
  2. 訂閱 事件簇
  3. 支持自定義event,可以根據(jù)event自己寫分發(fā)器
  4. 事件隔離

spring event

spring 新版事件機制也比較簡單,看代碼。

/**
 * 繼承 ApplicationEvent 的事件
 */
@Data
public class HelloEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
  private String eventName;
  public HelloEvent(String eventName) {
    super(eventName);
    setEventName(eventName);
  }
}
/**
 * 自定義事件
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CustomerEvent {
  private String name;
  private Boolean isCustomer;
}
/**
 * 監(jiān)聽器類,spring也支持一個類中監(jiān)聽多個事件
 */
@Component("springListener")
public class SpringListener {
  /**
   * 監(jiān)聽所有ApplicationEvent類型 及其子類型 的事件
   */
  @EventListener
  public void processApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
    System.out.println("process common event, class:" + event.getClass().getSimpleName());
  }
  /**
   * 監(jiān)聽 HelloEvent類型 事件
   */
  @EventListener
  public void processHelloEvent(HelloEvent event) {
    System.out.println("process helloEvent, name:" + event.getEventName());
  }
  /**
   * 監(jiān)聽 CustomerEvent 類型事件,但是需要滿足condition條件,即isCustomer=true
   */
  @EventListener(condition = "#event.isCustomer")
  public void processCustomerEvent(CustomerEvent event) {
    System.out.println("process customer CustomerEvent, name:" + event.getName());
  }
  /**
   * 監(jiān)聽 CustomerEvent 類型事件,但是需要滿足condition條件,即name="miaomiao"
   */
  @EventListener(condition = "#event.getName().equals('miaomiao')")
  public void processMiaoMiaoEvent(CustomerEvent event) {
    System.out.println("process miaomiao's CustomerEvent, name:" + event.getName());
  }
  /**
   * 支持異步處理事件
   */
  @Async
  @EventListener
  public void processAsyncCustomerEvent(CustomerEvent event) {
    System.out.println("Async process CustomerEvent, name:" + event.getName());
  }
}
//執(zhí)行類,測試入口
@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.example.manyao.async"})
public class DemoApplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws TException {
    SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    String[] names = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
    for(int i=0; i<names.length; i++) {
      System.out.println(names[i]);
    }
    System.out.println("++++++++++");
    context.publishEvent(new HelloEvent("helloEvent"));
    context.publishEvent(new CustomerEvent("customer", true));
    context.publishEvent(new CustomerEvent("miaomiao", false));
  }
}

結(jié)果是

//以下是spring上下文event,繼承自 ApplicationContextEvent。 用于用戶參與上下文生命周期的入口。因為是ApplicationEvent子類型,所以,由processApplicationEvent處理。
process common event, class:ContextRefreshedEvent
process common event, class:EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent
process common event, class:ApplicationReadyEvent
process common event, class:ContextRefreshedEvent
//以下是上下文中的bean
springListener
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
++++++++++
//HelloEvent 繼承 ApplicationEvent,會被processApplicationEvent處理
process common event, class:HelloEvent
//監(jiān)聽 HelloEvent類型 的 processHelloEvent 處理
process helloEvent, name:helloEvent
//非 ApplicationEvent 的事件,則為 PayloadApplicationEvent
process common event, class:PayloadApplicationEvent
//isCustomer=true,符合processCustomerEvent處理條件
process customer CustomerEvent, name:customer
//監(jiān)聽CustomerEvent類型,處理結(jié)果
Async process CustomerEvent, name:customer
process common event, class:PayloadApplicationEvent
//符合processMiaoMiaoEvent條件
process miaomiao's CustomerEvent, name:miaomiao
Async process CustomerEvent, name:miaomiao
//spring 上下文事件
process common event, class:ContextClosedEvent

spring 上下文事件

上述例子中的

ContextRefreshedEvent,EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent,ApplicationReadyEvent,ContextRefreshedEvent,ContextClosedEvent 等事件,都是spring上下文事件??梢酝ㄟ^監(jiān)聽這些事件,參與到spring生命周期中去。這種無侵入性交互方式,在做平臺服務(wù)時,是一種很好的方式。

注冊監(jiān)聽器

org.springframework.context.event.EventListenerMethodProcessor#processBean 將所有注解EventListener的方法,存入上下文的applicationListeners中。Listener的封裝類為ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter(String beanName, Class<?> targetClass, Method method)。

org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#refresh 中調(diào)用 initApplicationEventMulticaster 初始化事件發(fā)布管理器applicationEventMulticaster,然后調(diào)用registerListeners() 注冊監(jiān)聽器。

發(fā)布事件

spring 起初只支持 ApplicationEvent類型事件,后來優(yōu)化之后,支持自定義事件。自定義事件的處理,默認為PayloadApplicationEvent,相當(dāng)于EventBus的DeadEvent。

//org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#publishEvent(java.lang.Object, org.springframework.core.ResolvableType)
  protected void publishEvent(Object event, ResolvableType eventType) {
    Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
      logger.trace("Publishing event in " + getDisplayName() + ": " + event);
    }
    // Decorate event as an ApplicationEvent if necessary
    ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
    if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
      applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
    }
    else {
    //若不是ApplicationEvent類型,則使用PayloadApplicationEvent封裝
      applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<Object>(this, event);
      if (eventType == null) {
        eventType = ((PayloadApplicationEvent)applicationEvent).getResolvableType();
      }
    }
    // Multicast right now if possible - or lazily once the multicaster is initialized
    if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
      this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
    }
    else {
//核心操作,初始化 event    
  getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
    }
    //調(diào)用父類,發(fā)布事件
    // Publish event via parent context as well...
    if (this.parent != null) {
      if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
        ((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType);
      }
      else {
        this.parent.publishEvent(event);
      }
    }
  }

執(zhí)行事件

  @Override
  public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, ResolvableType eventType) {
    ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
    //獲取事件的監(jiān)聽器集合,并逐個觸發(fā)執(zhí)行監(jiān)聽器
    for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
    //異步的話,就放在線程池中執(zhí)行
      Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
      if (executor != null) {
        executor.execute(new Runnable() {
          @Override
          public void run() {
            invokeListener(listener, event);
          }
        });
      }
      else {
      //本線程調(diào)用
        invokeListener(listener, event);
      }
    }
  }

可以看到,spring的事件機制更復(fù)雜,但是功能同樣強大。

適用場景:

  1. 按照類區(qū)分事件
  2. 訂閱 事件簇
  3. 支持自定義event
  4. 按照condition過濾同類型事件

比較EventBus與Spring Event

使用方式比較

項目 事件 發(fā)布者 發(fā)布方法 是否異步 監(jiān)聽者 注冊方式
EventBus 任意對象 EventBus EventBus#post 注解Subscribe方法 手動注冊EventBus#register
Spring Event 任意對象 ApplicationEventPublisher ApplicationEventPublisher#publishEvent 支持同步異步 注解EventListener方法 系統(tǒng)注冊

使用場景比較

項目 事件區(qū)分 是否支持事件簇 是否支持自定義event 是否支持過濾 是否支持事件隔離 復(fù)雜程度
EventBus Class 簡單
Spring Event Class 復(fù)雜

更多關(guān)于EventBus與Spring Event文章大家可查看下面的相關(guān)鏈接

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