C++ 開發(fā)之實現(xiàn)操作符重載的實例

發(fā)布時間：2020-09-28 15:23:06 來源：腳本之家閱讀：181 作者：liuyi1207164339 欄目：編程語言

C++操作符重載

實現(xiàn)效果圖：

實例代碼：

Matrix.h

#pragma once 
#include "vector" 
#include "iostream" 
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) //宏定義for循環(huán)，精簡代碼 
using namespace std; 
class Matrix 
{ 
public: 
  //基本構(gòu)造函數(shù) 
  Matrix(int Row=0, int Column=0); 
  //拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)或者復(fù)制構(gòu)造函數(shù) 
  Matrix(const Matrix& matrix); 
  //賦值操作符重載，必須為成員函數(shù)，不然會報錯 
  Matrix& operator=(const Matrix& matrix); 
  //復(fù)合賦值操作符重載，建議重載為成員函數(shù) 
  Matrix& operator+=(const Matrix& matrix); 
  Matrix& operator*=(const Matrix& matrix); 
  Matrix& operator*=(const float& number); 
  Matrix& operator*=(const int& number); 
  Matrix& operator-=(const Matrix& matrix); 
  Matrix& operator/=(const float& number); 
  float& operator[](const size_t& index); 
  Matrix& operator++();//前綴式自增 
  Matrix& operator--();//前綴式自減 
  Matrix operator++(int); //后綴式自增 
  Matrix operator--(int); //后綴式自減 
  //算術(shù)和關(guān)系操作符一般為非成員函數(shù)，聲明為友元 
  friend Matrix operator+(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); 
  friend Matrix operator-(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); 
  friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); 
  friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const float& number); 
  friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const int& number); 
  friend bool operator==(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); 
  friend bool operator!=(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2); 
  //輸出操作符<<的重載,必須聲明為友元 
  friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Matrix&object); 
  //輸入操作符>>重載，必須聲明為友元 
  friend istream& operator >>(istream& in,Matrix&object); 
  void Display(); 
  ~Matrix(); 
public: 
  int Row; 
  int Column; 
  vector<vector<float> > data; //二維vector，用于存放矩陣類數(shù)據(jù) 
};

Matrix.cpp

#include "stdafx.h" 
#include "Matrix.h" 
#include "iomanip" 
//構(gòu)造函數(shù) 
Matrix::Matrix(int Row/* =0 */, int Column/* =0 */){ 
  this->Row = Row; 
  this->Column = Column; 
  data.resize(Row + 1); //申請行數(shù)為row+1，0號位不用 
  rep(i, Row) 
    data[i].resize(Column + 1); //申請各行的列數(shù) 
  rep(i, Row) 
    rep(j, Column) 
    data[i][j] = 0; //每個元素初始化為0，方便后面計算 
} 
//打印函數(shù) 
void Matrix::Display(){ 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
      cout << setw(8) << data[i][j] << ' '; 
    cout <<endl; 
  } 
} 
//拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù) 
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& matrix){ 
  Row = matrix.Row; 
  Column = matrix.Column; 
  data.resize(Row+1); //申請行數(shù)為row，0號位不用 
  rep(i, Row) 
    data[i].resize(Column+1); //申請各行的列數(shù) 
  rep(i, Row) 
    rep(j, Column) 
    data[i][j] = matrix.data[i][j]; 
} 
//賦值操作符重載 
Matrix& Matrix::operator=(const Matrix& matrix){ 
  if (this==&matrix) 
  { 
    return *this; 
  } 
  Row = matrix.Row; 
  Column = matrix.Column; 
  //分配資源 
  data.resize(Row + 1); //申請行數(shù)為row+1，0號位不用 
  rep(i, Row) 
    data[i].resize(Column + 1); //申請各行的列數(shù) 
  rep(i, Row) 
    rep(j, Column) 
    data[i][j] = matrix.data[i][j]; 
  //返回本對象的引用 
  return *this; 
} 
//復(fù)合賦值操作符重載 
Matrix& Matrix::operator+=(const Matrix& matrix){ 
  if (Row == matrix.Row&&Column == matrix.Column) 
  { 
    rep(i, Row) 
    { 
      rep(j,Column) 
      { 
        data[i][j] += matrix.data[i][j]; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
Matrix& Matrix::operator-=(const Matrix& matrix){ 
  if (Row == matrix.Row&&Column == matrix.Column) 
  { 
    rep(i, Row) 
    { 
      rep(j, Column) 
      { 
        data[i][j] -= matrix.data[i][j]; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
Matrix& Matrix::operator*=(const float& number){ 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
    { 
      data[i][j] = data[i][j] * number; 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
Matrix& Matrix::operator*=(const int& number){ 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
    { 
      data[i][j] = data[i][j] * number; 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
Matrix& Matrix::operator*=(const Matrix& matrix){ 
  //先保存矩陣的值 
  Matrix temp(Row, Column); 
  rep(i, temp.Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, temp.Column) 
    { 
      temp.data[i][j] = data[i][j]; 
    } 
  } 
  //改變矩陣的大小和值 
  Column = matrix.Column; 
  data.clear();    //清除數(shù)據(jù) 
  data.resize(Row+1); //申請行數(shù)為row+1，0號位不用 
  rep(i, Row) 
    data[i].resize(Column+1); //申請各行的列數(shù) 
  //重新給矩陣賦值 
  rep(i, temp.Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, matrix.Column) 
    { 
      double sum = 0; 
      rep(k, temp.Column) 
        sum += temp.data[i][k] * matrix.data[k][j]; 
      data[i][j] = sum; //改變矩陣的值 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
Matrix& Matrix::operator/=(const float& number){ 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
    { 
      data[i][j] = data[i][j] / number; 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
//前綴式自增 
Matrix& Matrix::operator++(){ 
  //對每個元素都加1 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
    { 
      data[i][j] +=1; 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
//前綴式自減 
Matrix& Matrix::operator--(){ 
  //對每個元素都減1 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
    { 
      data[i][j] -= 1; 
    } 
  } 
  return *this; 
} 
//后綴式自增 
Matrix Matrix::operator++(int){ 
  //拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù) 
  Matrix ret(*this); 
  //對每個元素都加1 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
    { 
      data[i][j] += 1; 
    } 
  } 
  return ret; 
} 
//后綴式自減 
Matrix Matrix::operator--(int){ 
  //拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù) 
  Matrix ret(*this); 
  //對每個元素都減1 
  rep(i, Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, Column) 
    { 
      data[i][j] -= 1; 
    } 
  } 
  return ret; 
} 
//析構(gòu)函數(shù) 
Matrix::~Matrix() 
{ 
  data.clear(); 
} 
//加法操作符重載 
Matrix operator+(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){ 
  Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column); 
  if (matrix1.Row == matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column == matrix2.Column) 
  { 
    rep(i, matrix1.Row) 
    { 
      rep(j, matrix2.Column) 
      { 
        temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j]+matrix2.data[i][j]; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  return temp; 
} 
//減法操作符重載 
Matrix operator-(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){ 
  Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column); 
  if (matrix1.Row == matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column == matrix2.Column) 
  { 
    rep(i, matrix1.Row) 
    { 
      rep(j, matrix2.Column) 
      { 
        temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j] - matrix2.data[i][j]; 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  return temp; 
} 
//乘法操作符重載 
Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){ 
  Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix2.Column); 
  rep(i, temp.Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, temp.Column) 
    { 
      double sum = 0; 
      rep(k, matrix1.Column) 
        sum += matrix1.data[i][k] * matrix2.data[k][j]; 
      temp.data[i][j] = sum; 
    } 
  } 
  return temp; 
} 
//乘法操作符重載 
Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const float& number){ 
  Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column); 
  rep(i, temp.Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, temp.Column) 
    { 
      temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j]* number; 
    } 
  } 
  return temp; 
} 
//乘法操作符重載 
Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const int& number){ 
  Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column); 
  rep(i, temp.Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, temp.Column) 
    { 
      temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j] * number; 
    } 
  } 
  return temp; 
} 
//等于關(guān)系操作符重載 
bool operator==(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){ 
  //只有維數(shù)相等才有可比性 
  if (matrix1.Row==matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column==matrix2.Column) 
  { 
    rep(i, matrix1.Row) 
    { 
      rep(j, matrix1.Column) 
      { 
        if (matrix1.data[i][j]!=matrix2.data[i][j]) 
        { 
          return false; 
        } 
      } 
    } 
    return true; 
  } 
  else 
  { 
    return false; 
  }   
} 
//不等于關(guān)系操作符重載 
bool operator!=(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){ 
  //只有維數(shù)相等才有可比性 
  if (matrix1.Row == matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column == matrix2.Column) 
  { 
    rep(i, matrix1.Row) 
    { 
      rep(j, matrix1.Column) 
      { 
        if (matrix1.data[i][j] != matrix2.data[i][j]) 
        { 
          return true; 
        } 
      } 
    } 
    return false; 
  } 
  else 
  { 
    return false; 
  } 
} 
//輸出操作符重載 
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Matrix&object){ 
 
  rep(i, object.Row) 
  { 
    rep(j, object.Column) 
      os << setw(8) << object.data[i][j] << ' '; 
    os <<endl; 
  } 
  return os; 
} 
//輸入操作符重載 
istream& operator >>(istream& in, Matrix&object){ 
  rep(i, object.Row) 
    rep(j, object.Column) 
    in >> object.data[i][j]; 
  return in; 
}

main.c

#include "iostream" 
#include "Matrix.h" 
using namespace std; 
int main(){ 
  int row1, row2, col1, col2; 
  cout << "請輸入第一個矩陣的行和列:\n"; 
  cin >> row1 >> col1; 
  Matrix m1(row1, col1); 
  cout << "請輸入" << row1 << '*' << col1 << "個數(shù):\n"; 
  cin >> m1; 
  cout << "輸出矩陣的值:\n"; 
  cout << m1; 
  cout << "請輸入第二個矩陣的行和列:\n"; 
  cin >> row2 >> col2; 
  Matrix m2(row2, col2); 
  cout << "請輸入" << row2 << '*' << col2 << "個數(shù):\n "; 
  cin >> m2; 
  cout << "輸出矩陣的值:\n"; 
  cout << m2; 
  if (col1 != row2) 
    cout << "這兩個矩陣無法相乘\n"; 
  else 
  { 
    cout << "判斷矩陣m1與m2是否相等：\n"; 
    if (m1==m2) 
    { 
      cout << "m1和m2相等：\n"; 
    } 
    else 
    { 
      cout << "m1和m2不相等：\n"; 
    } 
 
    cout << "m1拷貝構(gòu)造m3矩陣結(jié)果輸出：\n"; 
    Matrix m3(m1); 
    cout << m3; 
 
    cout << "m1賦值重載m4矩陣結(jié)果輸出：\n"; 
    Matrix m4(m1.Row,m1.Column); 
    m4 = m1; 
    cout << m4; 
 
    cout << "m1*m2矩陣相乘輸出m5：\n"; 
    Matrix m5(m1.Row, m2.Column); 
    m5 = m1*m2; 
    cout << m5; 
 
    cout << "矩陣m1*2輸出m6：\n"; 
    Matrix m6(m1.Row, m1.Column); 
    m6 = m1*2; 
    cout << m6; 
 
    cout << "矩陣m1*0.5輸出m7：\n"; 
    Matrix m7(m1.Row, m1.Column); 
    m7 = m1 * 0.5; 
    cout << m7; 
 
    cout << "m1*m2矩陣相乘輸出m1：\n"; 
    m1 *= m2; 
    cout << m1; 
 
    cout << "m1矩陣前自增輸出\n"; 
    cout << ++m1; 
 
    cout << "m1矩陣后自增輸出\n"; 
    cout << m1++; 
 
    cout << "m1矩陣輸出\n"; 
    cout << m1; 
 
    cout << "m1矩陣前自減輸出\n"; 
    cout << --m1; 
 
    cout << "m1矩陣后自減輸出\n"; 
    cout << m1--; 
 
    cout << "m1矩陣輸出\n"; 
    cout << m1; 
  } 
  return 0; 
}

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