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前面的話
path模塊包含一系列處理和轉(zhuǎn)換文件路徑的工具集,通過 require('path') 可用來訪問這個(gè)模塊。本文將詳細(xì)介紹path模塊
路徑組成
【path.dirname(p)】
返回路徑p所在的目錄
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // /foo/bar/baz/asdf console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // /foo/bar/baz console.log(path.dirname('C:/test/aaa')); // C:/test
【path.basename(p[, ext])】
返回路徑的最后一個(gè)部分,即文件名。參數(shù)ext為需要截掉的后綴內(nèi)容
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // a.txt console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt','.txt')); // a console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // asdf console.log(path.basename('C:/test/aaa')); // aaa
【path.extname(p)】
返回路徑p的擴(kuò)展名,從最后一個(gè)'.'到字符串的末尾。如果最后一個(gè)部分沒有'.',或者路徑是以'.'開頭,則返回空字符串
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // .txt console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt.b')); // .b console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.')); // . console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa/.')); // '' console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa')); // ''
分隔符
【path.sep】
返回對(duì)應(yīng)平臺(tái)下的文件分隔符,win下為'\',*nix下為'/'
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.sep); // win下為\,*nix下為/ console.log('foo\\bar\\baz'.split(path.sep)); // [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ] console.log('foo/bar/baz'.split(path.sep)); // win下返回['foo/bar/baz'],但在*nix系統(tǒng)下會(huì)返回['foo','bar','baz']
【path.delimiter】
返回對(duì)應(yīng)平臺(tái)下的路徑分隔符,win下為';',*nix下為':'
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.delimiter); //win下為“;”,*nix下為“:” console.log(path.sep); // win下為\,*nix下為/
規(guī)范化
【path.normalize(p)】
規(guī)范化路徑,處理冗余的“..”、“.”、“/”字符。發(fā)現(xiàn)多個(gè)斜杠時(shí),會(huì)替換成一個(gè)斜杠。當(dāng)路徑末尾包含一個(gè)斜杠時(shí),保留。Windows系統(tǒng)使用反斜杠
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../user/bin'));//a\b\user\bin console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c///../user/bin/'));//a\b\user\bin\ console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin'));//a\user\bin console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/.././///../user/bin/..'));//a\user console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin/../../'));//a\ console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../'));//..\ console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../../../'));//..\..\..\ console.log(path.normalize('./a/.././user/bin/./'));//user\bin\
【path.join([path2], [path3], [...])】
將多個(gè)路徑結(jié)合在一起,并轉(zhuǎn)換為規(guī)范化路徑
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.join('////./a', 'b////c', 'user/'));//\a\b\c\user console.log(path.join('a', '../../', 'user/'));//..\user\
絕對(duì)和相對(duì)
【path.resolve([from ...], to)】
從源地址 from 到目的地址 to 的絕對(duì)路徑,類似在shell里執(zhí)行一系列的cd命令
path.resolve('foo/bar', '/tmp/file/', '..', 'a/../subfile')
類似于:
cd foo/bar cd /tmp/file/ cd .. cd a/../subfile pwd
[注意]如果某個(gè)from或to參數(shù)是絕對(duì)路徑(比如 'E:/abc',或是以“/”開頭的路徑),則將忽略之前的from參數(shù)
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.resolve('.', 'testFiles/..', 'trdLayer'));//D:\project\trdLayer console.log(path.resolve('..', 'testFiles', 'a.txt'));//D:\testFiles\a.txt console.log(path.resolve('D:', 'abc', 'D:/a'));//D:\a console.log(path.resolve('abc', 'ok.gif'));//D:\project\abc\ok.gif console.log(path.resolve('abc', '..', 'a/../subfile')); //D:\project\subfile
【path.isAbsolute(path)】
path是一個(gè)絕對(duì)路徑(比如 'E:/abc'),或者是以“/”開頭的路徑,二者都會(huì)返回true
var path = require('path'); console.log(path.isAbsolute('../testFiles/secLayer'));//false console.log(path.isAbsolute('./join.js'));//false console.log(path.isAbsolute('temp'));//false console.log(path.isAbsolute('/temp/../..'));//true console.log(path.isAbsolute('E:/github/nodeAPI/abc/efg'));//true console.log(path.isAbsolute('///temp123'));//true
【path.relative(from, to)】
獲取從 from 到 to 的相對(duì)路徑,可以看作 path.resolve 的相反實(shí)現(xiàn)
path.resolve(from, path.relative(from, to)) == path.resolve(to) var path = require('path'); console.log(path.relative('C:\\\test', 'C:\\\impl\\bbb'));//..\impl\bbb console.log(path.relative('C:/test/aaa', 'C:/bbb'));//..\..\bbb console.log(path.relative('C:/test/aaa', 'D:/bbb'));//D:\bbb
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