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AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導(dǎo)航菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-10-21 08:22:41 來源：腳本之家 閱讀：255 作者：灰暗角落里的琴 欄目：web開發(fā)

將介紹如何用AngularJS構(gòu)建一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的web前端系統(tǒng)。angularjs是由Google團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的一款非常優(yōu)秀web前端框架。在當(dāng)前如此多的web框架下，AngularJS能脫穎而出，從架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上就高人一等，雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定，依賴注入，指令，MVC，模板。Angular.js創(chuàng)新地把后臺技術(shù)融入前端開發(fā)，掃去jQuery一度的光芒。用angularjs就像寫后臺代碼，更規(guī)范，更結(jié)構(gòu)化，更可控。

本文將介紹如何實(shí)現(xiàn)多限級導(dǎo)航菜單。

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導(dǎo)航菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

目錄

1.靜態(tài)多級菜單實(shí)現(xiàn)

2.動態(tài)多級菜單實(shí)現(xiàn)

1. 靜態(tài)多級菜單實(shí)現(xiàn)

要實(shí)現(xiàn)多級菜單，我們要分兩步走，第一步就是把靜態(tài)菜單的功能實(shí)現(xiàn)，通過純靜態(tài)的HTML代碼完成。第二步，通過Angluarjs進(jìn)行動態(tài)實(shí)現(xiàn)，最后把數(shù)據(jù)和程序分離，通過Ajax加載多級菜單數(shù)據(jù)。

我們先從靜態(tài)多級菜單開始動手，一個(gè)六級導(dǎo)航菜單是什么樣子呢？

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導(dǎo)航菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

如上圖所示，我們定義一些功能需求。

1級菜單是導(dǎo)航條上的文字。

當(dāng)1級菜單導(dǎo)航事件被觸發(fā)，顯示2級菜單導(dǎo)航，在1級菜單的正下方顯示。

當(dāng)2級菜單導(dǎo)航事件被觸發(fā)，顯示3級菜單導(dǎo)航，在2級菜單的右方顯示。

當(dāng)3級菜單導(dǎo)航事件被觸發(fā)，顯示4級菜單導(dǎo)航，在3級菜單的右方顯示。

以此類推，不考慮下級菜單顯示出界問題。

繼續(xù)上文中的項(xiàng)目環(huán)境，增加一個(gè)新HTML文件: page3.html

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page3.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>多級導(dǎo)航菜單</title>
 <meta name="description" content="多級導(dǎo)航菜單">
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <meta name="fragment" content="!" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page2">
<div class="container">
 <div class="row" ng-controller="NavbarCtrl">
  <nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
   <div class="navbar-header">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >多級菜單導(dǎo)航</a>
   </div>
   <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
     <li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
     <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
     <li class="dropdown">
      <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Multi Level <b class="caret"></b></a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
       <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 1</a></li>
       <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More options</a>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
         <li><a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
         </li>
         <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
           <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 3</a>
           </li>
           <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 3</a>
           </li>
           <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
             <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 4</a>
             </li>
             <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 4</a>
             </li>
             <li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
              <ul class="dropdown-menu">
               <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 5</a>
               </li>
               <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 5</a>
               </li>
              </ul>
             </li>
            </ul>
           </li>
          </ul>
         </li>
         <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
         </li>
         <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
         </li>
        </ul>
       </li>
       <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 1</a></li>
      </ul>
     </li>
    </ul>
   </div>
  </nav>
 </div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

新建一個(gè)css文件：main.css

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\css\main.css
.dropdown:hover .menu-top {
 display: block;
}
.dropdown-submenu{
 position:relative;
}
.dropdown-submenu > .dropdown-menu{
 top:0;
 left:100%;
 margin-top:-6px;
 margin-left:-1px;
 -webkit-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
 -moz-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
 border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > .dropdown-menu{
 display:block;
}
.dropdown-submenu > a:after{
 display:block;
 content:" ";
 float:right;
 width:0;
 height:0;
 border-color:transparent;
 border-style:solid;
 border-width:5px 0 5px 5px;
 border-left-color:#cccccc;
 margin-top:5px;
 margin-right:-10px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > a:after{
 border-left-color:#ffffff;
}
.dropdown-submenu .pull-left{
 float:none;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left > .dropdown-menu{
 left:-100%;
 margin-left:10px;
 -webkit-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
 -moz-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
 border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
}

刷新一下網(wǎng)頁，我們能就看到上面的截圖的效果，代碼參考：http://firdaus.grandexa.com/2013/09/twitter-bootstrap-3-multilevel-dropdown-menu/

通過HTML和CSS就實(shí)現(xiàn)了多級菜單的靜態(tài)展示效果，如果導(dǎo)航菜單不是經(jīng)常變化，那么用靜態(tài)的方式，把代碼寫死就可以了。但有一些場景，菜單是需要?jiǎng)討B(tài)生成，比如通過權(quán)限控制訪問鏈接，每個(gè)用戶的權(quán)限不一樣，那么能看到的菜單選項(xiàng)也就不一樣，這個(gè)時(shí)候就需要做成動態(tài)的，用程序去控制菜單的加載和展示。

2. 動態(tài)多級菜單實(shí)現(xiàn)

有了靜態(tài)多級導(dǎo)航菜單的HTML代碼結(jié)構(gòu)，改寫成動態(tài)的，其實(shí)也不太復(fù)雜。

我們需要做2件事：

把導(dǎo)航菜單的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)化存儲，比如 存放到文件 nav.json。

用Angularjs的API加載nav.json數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行展示。

我們先定義一下導(dǎo)航菜單的數(shù)據(jù)格式，以JSON格式定義，每個(gè)菜單項(xiàng)都有3個(gè)屬性字段

label: 導(dǎo)航菜單項(xiàng)顯示的名字。

link: 導(dǎo)航菜單項(xiàng)的跳轉(zhuǎn)鏈接，可以不定義。

children: 導(dǎo)航菜單項(xiàng)的子菜單，循環(huán)對象存儲。

{
 "label": "levelA",
 "link": "#",
 "children": [
  {
   "label": "levelB",
   "link": "#",
   "children": []
  }
 ]
}

下面我們用真實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)定義導(dǎo)航菜單，以我的金融系統(tǒng)為例。

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導(dǎo)航菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

新建JSON數(shù)據(jù)文件：nav.json。

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\js\nav.json
[
 {
  "label": "債券",
  "children": [
   {
    "label": "可轉(zhuǎn)債",
    "children": [
     {"label": "可轉(zhuǎn)債溢價(jià)率分析","link":"#"},
     {"label": "可轉(zhuǎn)債NS定價(jià)","link":"#"},
     {"label": "可轉(zhuǎn)債歸因分析","link":"#"},
     {"label": "可轉(zhuǎn)債套利實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "信用債",
    "children": [
     {"label": "交易所債券監(jiān)控","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "利率債","link":"#",
    "children": []
   },
   {
    "label": "國債期貨",
    "children": [
     {"label": "國債期貨表現(xiàn)分析","link":"#"},
     {"label": "國債期貨實(shí)時(shí)套利監(jiān)控","link":"#"},
     {"label": "IRR歷史時(shí)間序列查詢","link":"#"},
     {"label": "IRR實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控","link":"#"}
    ]
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "label": "股票",
  "children": [
   {
    "label": "基本面分析",
    "children": [
     {"label": "上市公司基本面數(shù)據(jù)查看","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "量化選股策略",
    "children": []
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "label": "宏觀",
  "children": [
   {
    "label": "宏觀數(shù)據(jù)",
    "children": [
     {"label": "宏觀數(shù)據(jù)概覽","link":"#"}
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": "宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測",
    "children": []
   },
   {
    "label": "宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和大類資產(chǎn)表現(xiàn)",
    "children": []
   }
  ]
 }
]

我們看到這個(gè)導(dǎo)航菜單的數(shù)據(jù)，有3級，“債券–>可轉(zhuǎn)債–>可轉(zhuǎn)債歸因分析”，那么接下我們就直接實(shí)現(xiàn)對三級菜單的編程。創(chuàng)建HTML文件page4.html。

~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page4.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>多級動態(tài)導(dǎo)航菜單</title>
 <meta name="description" content="多級動態(tài)導(dǎo)航菜單">
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <meta name="fragment" content="!" />
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page4">
<div class="container">
 <div class="row" ng-controller="NavbarCtrl">
  <nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
   <div class="navbar-header">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="/" rel="external nofollow" >量化投資平臺</a>
   </div>
   <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
     <li ng-repeat="a1 in navbar" class="dropdown">
      <a href="?{{ a1.label }}" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">{{ a1.label }} <b class="caret"></b></a>
      <ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
       <li ng-repeat="a2 in a1.children" class="dropdown-submenu">
        <a tabindex="-1" href="?{{ a2.label }}" rel="external nofollow" >{{ a2.label }}</a>
        <ul ng-show="a2.children.length>0" class="dropdown-menu">
         <li ng-repeat="a3 in a2.children">
          <a href="?{{ a3.label }}" rel="external nofollow" ng-click="go(a3.link)">{{ a3.label }}</a>
         </li>
        </ul>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </li>
    </ul>
   </div>
  </nav>
 </div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

在Angularjs的控制器文件app.js文件中，增加page4的定義。

var page4 = angular.module('page4', ['ui.bootstrap', 'ngRoute']);
page4.config(['$routeProvider', '$locationProvider', '$sceProvider', function ($routeProvider, $locationProvider, $sceProvider) {
 $routeProvider
  .when('/', {controller: 'DemoCtrl'})
  .otherwise({redirectTo: '/'});
 $locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
}]);
page4.controller('NavbarCtrl', function ($scope,$http,$location) {
 $http.get("/js/nav.json").success(function(json){
  $scope.navbar = json;
 });
});
page4.controller('DemoCtrl', function () {
 // nothing
});

查看一下顯示效果，與上面的截圖類似。

AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導(dǎo)航菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼

文章到這里就結(jié)束了，已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了我的功能需求。但這個(gè)話題還有很多可以優(yōu)化的地方，比如實(shí)現(xiàn)無限級的導(dǎo)航菜單，菜單的展示樣式替換，展示區(qū)間的控制，鼠標(biāo)動作事件，封裝成Angularjs的插件開源項(xiàng)目等。有興趣的同學(xué)，可以我的程序的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)努力，做出優(yōu)秀的開源項(xiàng)目來。

代碼已上傳到github：https://github.com/bsspirit/angular-navbar，同學(xué)可以根據(jù)需要自行下載，也可以直接通過命令下載代碼。

git clone https://github.com/bsspirit/angular-navbar.git
cd angular-navbar
bower install
anywhere

總結(jié)

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導(dǎo)航菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對億速云網(wǎng)站的支持！

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