溫馨提示×

溫馨提示×

您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!

密碼登錄×
登錄注冊×
其他方式登錄
點擊 登錄注冊 即表示同意《億速云用戶服務(wù)條款》

Python線程同步的實現(xiàn)代碼

發(fā)布時間:2020-10-10 19:19:37 來源:腳本之家 閱讀:157 作者:Harvard_Fly 欄目:開發(fā)技術(shù)

本文介紹Python中的線程同步對象,主要涉及 thread 和 threading 模塊。

threading 模塊提供的線程同步原語包括:Lock、RLock、Condition、Event、Semaphore等對象。

線程執(zhí)行

join與setDaemon

子線程在主線程運行結(jié)束后,會繼續(xù)執(zhí)行完,如果給子線程設(shè)置為守護線程(setDaemon=True),主線程運行結(jié)束子線程即結(jié)束;

如果join()線程,那么主線程會等待子線程執(zhí)行完再執(zhí)行。

import threading
import time


def get_thread_a():
 print("get thread A started")
 time.sleep(3)
 print("get thread A end")


def get_thread_b():
 print("get thread B started")
 time.sleep(5)
 print("get thread B end")


if __name__ == "__main__":
 thread_a = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_a)
 thread_b = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_b)
 start_time = time.time()
 thread_b.setDaemon(True)
 thread_a.start()
 thread_b.start()
 thread_a.join()
 
 end_time = time.time()
 print("execution time: {}".format(end_time - start_time))

thread_a是join,首先子線程thread_a執(zhí)行,thread_b是守護線程,當(dāng)主線程執(zhí)行完后,thread_b不會再執(zhí)行執(zhí)行結(jié)果如下:

get thread A started
get thread B started
get thread A end
execution time: 3.003199815750122

線程同步

當(dāng)線程間共享全局變量,多個線程對該變量執(zhí)行不同的操作時,該變量最終的結(jié)果可能是不確定的(每次線程執(zhí)行后的結(jié)果不同),如:對count變量執(zhí)行加減操作 ,count的值是不確定的,要想count的值是一個確定的需對線程執(zhí)行的代碼段加鎖。

python對線程加鎖主要有Lock和Rlock模塊

Lock: 

from threading import Lock
lock = Lock()
lock.acquire()
lock.release() 

Lock有acquire()和release()方法,這兩個方法必須是成對出現(xiàn)的,acquire()后面必須release()后才能再acquire(),否則會造成死鎖

Rlock:

鑒于Lock可能會造成死鎖的情況,RLock(可重入鎖)對Lock進行了改進,RLock可以在同一個線程里面連續(xù)調(diào)用多次acquire(),但必須再執(zhí)行相同次數(shù)的release()

from threading import RLock
lock = RLock()
lock.acquire()
lock.acquire()
lock.release()
lock.release() 

condition(條件變量),線程在執(zhí)行時,當(dāng)滿足了特定的條件后,才可以訪問相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)

import threading

def get_thread_a(condition):
 with condition:
  condition.wait()
  print("A : Hello B,that's ok")
  condition.notify()
  condition.wait()
  print("A : I'm fine,and you?")
  condition.notify()
  condition.wait()
  print("A : Nice to meet you")
  condition.notify()
  condition.wait()
  print("A : That's all for today")
  condition.notify()

def get_thread_b(condition):
 with condition:
  print("B : Hi A, Let's start the conversation")
  condition.notify()
  condition.wait()
  print("B : How are you")
  condition.notify()
  condition.wait()
  print("B : I'm fine too")
  condition.notify()
  condition.wait()
  print("B : Nice to meet you,too")
  condition.notify()
  condition.wait()
  print("B : Oh,goodbye")

if __name__ == "__main__":
 condition = threading.Condition()
 thread_a = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_a, args=(condition,))
 thread_b = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_b, args=(condition,))
 thread_a.start()
 thread_b.start() 

Condition內(nèi)部有一把鎖,默認(rèn)是RLock,在調(diào)用wait()和notify()之前必須先調(diào)用acquire()獲取這個鎖,才能繼續(xù)執(zhí)行;當(dāng)wait()和notify()執(zhí)行完后,需調(diào)用release()釋放這個鎖,在執(zhí)行with condition時,會先執(zhí)行acquire(),with結(jié)束時,執(zhí)行了release();所以condition有兩層鎖,最底層鎖在調(diào)用wait()時會釋放,同時會加一把鎖到等待隊列,等待notify()喚醒釋放鎖

wait() :允許等待某個條件變量的通知,notify()可喚醒

notify(): 喚醒等待隊列wait()

執(zhí)行結(jié)果:

B : Hi A, Let's start the conversation
A : Hello B,that's ok
B : How are you
A : I'm fine,and you?
B : I'm fine too
A : Nice to meet you
B : Nice to meet you,too
A : That's all for today
B : Oh,goodbye

Semaphore(信號量)

用于控制線程的并發(fā)數(shù),如爬蟲中請求次數(shù)過于頻繁會被禁止ip,每次控制爬取網(wǎng)頁的線程數(shù)量可在一定程度上防止ip被禁;文件讀寫中,控制寫線程每次只有一個,讀線程可多個。

import time
import threading


def get_thread_a(semaphore,i):
 time.sleep(1)
 print("get thread : {}".format(i))
 semaphore.release()


def get_thread_b(semaphore):
 for i in range(10):
  semaphore.acquire()
  thread_a = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_a, args=(semaphore,i))
  thread_a.start()


if __name__ == "__main__":
 semaphore = threading.Semaphore(2)
 thread_b = threading.Thread(target=get_thread_b, args=(semaphore,))
 thread_b.start() 

上述示例了每隔1秒并發(fā)兩個線程執(zhí)行的情況,當(dāng)調(diào)用一次semaphore.acquire()時,Semaphore的數(shù)量就減1,直至Semaphore數(shù)量為0時被鎖上,當(dāng)release()后Semaphore數(shù)量加1。Semaphore在本質(zhì)上是調(diào)用的Condition,semaphore.acquire()在Semaphore的值為0的條件下會調(diào)用Condition.wait(), 否則將值減1,semaphore.release()會將Semaphore的值加1,并調(diào)用Condition.notify()

Semaphore源碼

def acquire(self, blocking=True, timeout=None):
  if not blocking and timeout is not None:
   raise ValueError("can't specify timeout for non-blocking acquire")
  rc = False
  endtime = None
  with self._cond:
   while self._value == 0:
    if not blocking:
     break
    if timeout is not None:
     if endtime is None:
      endtime = _time() + timeout
     else:
      timeout = endtime - _time()
      if timeout <= 0:
       break
    self._cond.wait(timeout)
   else:
    self._value -= 1
    rc = True
  return rc

def release(self):
  with self._cond:
   self._value += 1
   self._cond.notify()

以上就是這篇文章的全部內(nèi)容了,希望本文的內(nèi)容對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流,謝謝大家對億速云的支持。

向AI問一下細(xì)節(jié)

免責(zé)聲明:本站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創(chuàng)、轉(zhuǎn)載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網(wǎng)站立場,如果涉及侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),一經(jīng)查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。

AI