MySQL主從復(fù)制的用法

注意點：
- 主從復(fù)制是異步的邏輯的 SQL 語句級的復(fù)制；
- 復(fù)制時，主庫有一個 I/O 線程，從庫有兩個線程，及 I/O 和 SQL 線程；
- 實現(xiàn)主從復(fù)制的必要條件是主庫要開啟記錄 binlog 的功能；
- 作為復(fù)制的所有 MySQL 節(jié)點的 server-id 都不能相同；
- binlog 文件只記錄對數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容有更改的 SQL 語句，不記錄任何查詢語句。

Mac：10.15.1
Docker：2.0.0.3//采取docker安裝MySQL主要是管理維護方便、獨立IP、啟動秒級
MySQL-master：5.7.29//主服務(wù)器
MySQL-master IP：172.17.0.3
MySQL-slave：5.7.29//從服務(wù)器
MySQL-slave IP：172.17.0.4

1. 創(chuàng)建目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：
master/conf、master/data、master/logs
2. 啟動運行實例容器：
docker run --name mysql-master
> -p 3310:3306
> -v ~/docker/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
> -v ~/docker/master/data:/var/lib/mysql
> -v ~/docker/master/logs:/var/log/mysql
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
> -d mysql:5.7
3. 進入容器
docker exec -it mysql-master bash
4. 登錄MySQL
mysql -uroot -p

1. 創(chuàng)建目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：
slave/conf、slave/data、slave/logs
2. 啟動運行實例容器：
docker run --name mysql-slave
> -p 3310:3306
> -v ~/docker/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
> -v ~/docker/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql
> -v ~/docker/slave/logs:/var/log/mysql
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
> -d mysql:5.7
3. 進入容器
docker exec -it mysql-slave bash
4. 登錄MySQL
mysql -uroot -p

主服務(wù)器：

[mysqld]
port = 3306
server-id = 1
#要同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫
binlog-do-db = school
#要生成二進制日志文件 主服務(wù)器一定要開啟
log-bin = mysql-bin

重啟MySQL: docker restart mysql-master

從服務(wù)器：

[mysqld]
port = 3306
server-id = 2
#要同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫
binlog-do-db = school
#要生成二進制日志文件（從服務(wù)器可選）
log-bin = mysql-bin

重啟MySQL: docker restart mysql-slave

create user 'slave'@'%' identified by '123456';//創(chuàng)建用戶
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'slave'@'%';//設(shè)置用戶權(quán)限
flush privileges;//刷新權(quán)限
show grants for 'slave'@'%';//查看用戶權(quán)限

1. 登錄master，執(zhí)行鎖表操作
mysql -uroot -p
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
2. 將master中需要同步的db的數(shù)據(jù)dump出來
mysqldump -uroot -p school > school.dump
3. 將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入slave
mysql -uroot -h272.17.0.4 -p school < school.dump
4. 解鎖master
UNLOCK TABLES;

1. 創(chuàng)建新數(shù)據(jù)表及增加數(shù)據(jù)
create table user( id int(10) auto_increment, name varchar(30), primary key (id) )charset=utf8mb4;
insert into user(name) values(222);
2. 主服務(wù)器 binlog 記錄狀態(tài)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 769 | school | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1. 連接主服務(wù)器及設(shè)置復(fù)制的起始節(jié)點
mysql> change master to master_host='172.17.0.3',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_user='slave',
-> master_password='123456',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=769;
2. 開始復(fù)制
start slave;
3. 查看復(fù)制狀態(tài)
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.17.0.3
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 961
Relay_Log_File: 87dc5224655d-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //表示I/O線程讀取成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //表示SQL線程執(zhí)行成功
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 961
Relay_Log_Space: 892
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 45540733-4e0c-11ea-b0ac-0242ac110003
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
4. 查看數(shù)據(jù)表數(shù)據(jù)
mysql> show create table user\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

mysql> select * from user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | 222 |
+----+------+

復(fù)制的控制相關(guān)命令：
stop salve //停止slave連路 
reset slave //重置slave連路 
start slave //開啟slave連路 
stop master //停止master連路 
reset master //重置master連路 
start master //開啟master連路