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本文實(shí)例講述了python自動(dòng)化之Ansible的安裝。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
一 點(diǎn)睛
Ansible只需在管理端部署環(huán)境即可,建議采用yum
源方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)部署。
二 安裝Ansible
只需要在主服務(wù)器安裝(主控端)
[root@localhost dev]# yum install ansible -y
三 測(cè)試
1 修改在主控機(jī)配置文件/etc/ansible/hosts
## green.example.com ## blue.example.com 192.168.0.101 192.168.0.102 [webservers] ## alpha.example.org ## beta.example.org 192.168.0.101 192.168.0.102
2 執(zhí)行下面操作
通過(guò)ping模塊測(cè)試主機(jī)的連通性,分別對(duì)單主機(jī)及組進(jìn)行ping操 作,結(jié)果如下,說(shuō)明安裝、測(cè)試成功。
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible 192.168.0.101 -m ping -k SSH password: 192.168.0.101 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } [root@localhost ansible]# ansible webservers -m ping -k SSH password: 192.168.0.102 | FAILED! => { "msg": "Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to manage this host." } 192.168.0.101 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
3 說(shuō)明
由于主控端與被控主機(jī)未配置SSH證書信任,需要在執(zhí)行ansible命令時(shí)添加-k參數(shù),要求提供root(默認(rèn))賬號(hào)密碼,即在提示“SSH password:”時(shí)輸入。
四 配置Linux主機(jī)SSH無(wú)密碼訪問
1 點(diǎn)睛
為了避免Ansible下發(fā)指令時(shí)輸入目標(biāo)主機(jī)密碼,通過(guò)證書簽名達(dá)到SSH無(wú)密碼是一個(gè)好的方案,推薦使用ssh-keygen與ssh-copy-id來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)快速證書的生成及公鑰下發(fā),其中ssh-keygen生成一對(duì)密鑰,使用sshcopy-id來(lái)下發(fā)生成的公鑰。
第一步:需要配置與目標(biāo)設(shè)備的密鑰認(rèn)證支持。
[root@localhost home]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? y Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:9/pGNxnQVWAWpss7PYtJcUDyHsCexgYY6NGWy/oOhTg root@localhost.localdomain The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | o.+ .o ..*++| | o = . .=.=. | | . + . + .=. | | ...o *o +. | | E ... So. = .o | | ... . ..=+ | | .. .=.o. | | .. o.+ o | | .. .o+ . | +----[SHA256]-----+
私鑰文件可以存放在默認(rèn)路徑“~/.ssh/id_rsa”。
第二步:接下來(lái)同步公鑰文件id_rsa.pub到目標(biāo)主機(jī),推薦使用ssh-copy-id公鑰拷貝工具
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.102 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys Kernel \r on an \m root@192.168.0.102's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.0.102'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
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