Linux中dd命令使用實(shí)例教程

 bs=BYTES  read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
 cbs=BYTES  convert BYTES bytes at a time
 conv=CONVS  convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
 count=N   copy only N input blocks
 ibs=BYTES  read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
 if=FILE   read from FILE instead of stdin(默認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入)
 iflag=FLAGS  read as per the comma separated symbol list
 obs=BYTES  write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
 of=FILE   write to FILE instead of stdout(默認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出)
 oflag=FLAGS  write as per the comma separated symbol list
 seek=BLOCKS  skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
 skip=BLOCKS  skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
 status=WHICH WHICH info to suppress outputting to stderr;
     'noxfer' suppresses transfer stats, 'none' suppresses all

 ascii  from EBCDIC to ASCII
 ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
 ibm  from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
 block  pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
 unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
 lcase  change upper case to lower case
 nocreat do not create the output file
 excl  fail if the output file already exists
 notrunc do not truncate the output file
 ucase  change lower case to upper case
 sparse try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks
 swab  swap every pair of input bytes
 noerror continue after read errors
 sync  pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
   with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
 fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
 fsync  likewise, but also write metadata

 append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
 direct use direct I/O for data
 directory fail unless a directory
 dsync  use synchronized I/O for data
 sync  likewise, but also for metadata
 fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
 nonblock use non-blocking I/O
 noatime do not update access time
 noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
 nofollow do not follow symlinks
 count_bytes treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only)

c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M

GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y

dd if=/dev/hdb of=/dev/hdd

dd if=/dev/hdb of=/root/image

dd if=/dev/hdb | gzip > /root/image.gz

#文件大小為2.3k
[Oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ll db1_db_links.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2344 Nov 21 10:39 db1_db_links.sql
#把這個(gè)文件拆成每個(gè)文件1k，bs=1k，count=1，使用skip參數(shù)指定在輸入文件中跳過多少個(gè)bs支讀取
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd01.sql bs=1k count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 4.5536e-05 s, 22.5 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd02.sql bs=1k count=1 skip=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000146387 s, 7.0 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd03.sql bs=1k count=1 skip=2
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
296 bytes (296 B) copied, 0.000204216 s, 1.4 MB/s
#拆分出的文件
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ll dd*sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 May 20 14:58 dd01.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 May 20 14:58 dd02.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 296 May 20 14:58 dd03.sql

#合并操作，此時(shí)用到seek參數(shù)，用于指定在輸入文件中跳過的bs數(shù)
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd01.sql 
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000176 s, 5.8 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd02.sql bs=1k seek=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000124038 s, 8.3 MB/s
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd03.sql bs=1k seek=2
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
296 bytes (296 B) copied, 0.00203881 s, 145 kB/s
#與拆分前的文件進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ diff 1.sql db1_db_links.sql
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$