Django工程的分層結(jié)構(gòu)詳解

# urls.py
path('hello/', Hello),
path('helloworld/', HelloWorld.as_view())

# View
from django.views import View

# FVB
def Hello(request):
 if request.method == "GET":
 return HttpResponse("Hello world")

# CVB
class HelloWorld(View):
 def get(self, request):
 pass
 def post(self, request):
 pass

from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _

# Create your models here.

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, UserManager, User

class UserAccountManager(UserManager):
 # 管理器
 def find_by_username(self, username):
 queryset = self.get_queryset()
 return queryset.filter(username=username)


class UserAccount(AbstractUser):
 # 擴展一個字段，家庭住址
 home_address = models.CharField(_('home address'), max_length=150, blank=True)
 # 賬戶是否被激活，與users表里默認的is_active不是一回事
 is_activated = models.BooleanField(_('activatition'), default=False, help_text=_('新賬戶注冊后是否通過郵件驗證激活。'),)

 # 指定該模型的manager類
 objects = UserAccountManager()

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserAccount"

from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.contrib.sites.shortcuts import get_current_site
from django.contrib.auth.tokens import PasswordResetTokenGenerator
from django.utils import six
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode, urlsafe_base64_decode
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
from mysite import settings


class TokenGenerator(PasswordResetTokenGenerator):
 def __init__(self):
 super(TokenGenerator, self).__init__()

 # def _make_hash_value(self, user, timestamp):
 # return (
 #  six.text_type(user.pk) + six.text_type(timestamp) + six.text_type(user.is_active)
 # )


class WelcomeEmail:
 subject = 'Activate Your Account'

 @classmethod
 def send_to(cls, request, user_account):
 try:
  current_site = get_current_site(request)
  account_activation_token = TokenGenerator()
  message = render_to_string('activate_account.html', {
  'username': user_account.username,
  'domain': current_site.domain,
  'uid': urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user_account.id)),
  'token': account_activation_token.make_token(user_account),
  })

  send_mail(
  subject=cls.subject,
  message=message,
  from_email=settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER,
  recipient_list=[user_account.email]
  )
 except Exception as err:
  print(err)

# 郵件設(shè)置
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_USE_SSL = True
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 465
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '' # 發(fā)件人郵箱地址
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '' # 發(fā)件人郵箱密碼
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER

"""
Service層，針對不同用例實現(xiàn)的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯代碼
"""
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.shortcuts import render
from .utils import (
 WelcomeEmail,
 TokenGenerator,
)
from users.models import (
 UserAccount
)


class UsernameAlreadyExistError(Exception):
 pass


class UserIdIsNotExistError(Exception):
 """
 用戶ID，主鍵不存在
 """
 pass


class ActivatitionTokenError(Exception):
 pass


class RegisterUserAccount:
 def __init__(self, request, username, password, confirm_password, email):
 self._username = username
 self._password = password
 self._email = email
 self._request = request

 def valid_data(self):
 """
 檢查用戶名是否已經(jīng)被注冊
 :return:
 """
 user_query_set = UserAccount.objects.find_by_username(username=self._username).first()
 if user_query_set:
  error_msg = ('用戶名 {} 已被注冊，請更換。'.format(self._username))
  raise UsernameAlreadyExistError(_(error_msg))
 return True

 def _send_welcome_email_to(self, user_account):
 """
 注冊成功后發(fā)送電子郵件
 :param user_account:
 :return:
 """
 WelcomeEmail.send_to(self._request, user_account)

 def execute(self):
 self.valid_data()
 user_account = self._factory_user_account()
 self._send_welcome_email_to(user_account)
 return user_account

 def _factory_user_account(self):
 """
 這里是創(chuàng)建用戶
 :return:
 """

 # 這樣創(chuàng)建需要調(diào)用save()
 # ua = UserAccount(username=self._username, password=self._password, email=self._email)
 # ua.save()
 # return ua

 # 直接通過create_user則不需要調(diào)用save()
 return UserAccount.objects.create_user(
  self._username,
  self._email,
  self._password,
 )


class ActivateUserAccount:
 def __init__(self, uid, token):
 self._uid = uid
 self._token = token

 def _account_valid(self):
 """
 驗證用戶是否存在
 :return: 模型對象或者None
 """
 return UserAccount.objects.all().get(id=self._uid)

 def execute(self):
 # 查詢是否有用戶
 user_account = self._account_valid()
 account_activation_token = TokenGenerator()
 if user_account is None:
  error_msg = ('激活用戶失敗，提供的用戶標識 {} 不正確，無此用戶。'.format(self._uid))
  raise UserIdIsNotExistError(_(error_msg))

 if not account_activation_token.check_token(user_account, self._token):
  error_msg = ('激活用戶失敗，提供的Token {} 不正確。'.format(self._token))
  raise ActivatitionTokenError(_(error_msg))

 user_account.is_activated = True
 user_account.save()
 return True

def valid_data(self):
 """
 檢查用戶名是否已經(jīng)被注冊
 :return:
 """
 user_query_set = UserAccount.objects.find_by_username(username=self._username).first()
 if user_query_set:
  error_msg = ('用戶名 {} 已被注冊，請更換。'.format(self._username))
  raise UsernameAlreadyExistError(_(error_msg))
 return True

 def execute(self):
 self.valid_data()
 user_account = self._factory_user_account()
 self._send_welcome_email_to(user_account)
 return user_account

def execute(self):
 if self.valid_data():
 user_account = self._factory_user_account()
 self._send_welcome_email_to(user_account)
 return user_account
 else:
 pass

"""
表單驗證功能
"""
from django import forms
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _


class RegisterAccountForm(forms.Form):
 username = forms.CharField(max_length=50, required=True, error_messages={
 'max_length': '用戶名不能超過50個字符',
 'required': '用戶名不能為空',
 })
 
 email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
 password = forms.CharField(min_length=6, max_length=20, required=True, widget=forms.PasswordInput())
 confirm_password = forms.CharField(min_length=6, max_length=20, required=True, widget=forms.PasswordInput())

 def clean_confirm_password(self) -> str: # -> str 表示的含義是函數(shù)返回值類型是str，在打印函數(shù)annotation的時候回顯示。
 """
 clean_XXXX XXXX是字段名
 比如這個方法是判斷兩次密碼是否一致，密碼框輸入的密碼就算符合規(guī)則但是也不代表兩個密碼一致，所以需要自己來進行檢測
 :return:
 """
 password = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
 confirm_password = self.cleaned_data.get('confirm_password')

 if confirm_password != password:
  raise forms.ValidationError(message='Password and confirmation do not match each other')

 return confirm_password

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode, urlsafe_base64_decode
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
from .forms import (
 RegisterAccountForm,
)
from .services import (
 RegisterUserAccount,
 UsernameAlreadyExistError,
 ActivateUserAccount,
 ActivatitionTokenError,
 UserIdIsNotExistError,
)
# Create your views here.


class Register(APIView):
 def get(self, request):
 return render(request, 'register.html')

 def post(self, request):
 # print("request.data 的內(nèi)容: ", request.data)
 # print("request.POST 的內(nèi)容: ", request.POST)

 # 針對數(shù)據(jù)輸入做檢查，是否符合規(guī)則
 ra_form = RegisterAccountForm(request.POST)
 if ra_form.is_valid():
  # print("驗證過的數(shù)據(jù)：", ra_form.cleaned_data)
  rua = RegisterUserAccount(request=request, **ra_form.cleaned_data)
  try:
  rua.execute()
  except UsernameAlreadyExistError as err:
  # 這里就是捕獲自定義異常，并給form對象添加一個錯誤信息，并通過模板渲染然后返回前端頁面
  ra_form.add_error('username', str(err))
  return render(request, 'register.html', {'info': ra_form.errors})

  return HttpResponse('We have sent you an email, please confirm your email address to complete registration')
  # return HttpResponseRedirect("/account/login/")
 else:
  return render(request, 'register.html', {'info': ra_form.errors})


class Login(APIView):
 def get(self, request):
 return render(request, 'login.html')

 def post(self, request):
 print("request.data 的內(nèi)容: ", request.data)
 print("request.POST 的內(nèi)容: ", request.POST)
 pass


class ActivateAccount(APIView):
 # 用戶激活賬戶
 def get(self, request, uidb64, token):
 try:
  # 獲取URL中的用戶ID
  uid = force_bytes(urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64))
  # 激活用戶
  aua = ActivateUserAccount(uid, token)
  aua.execute()
  return render(request, 'login.html')
 except(ActivatitionTokenError, UserIdIsNotExistError) as err:
  return HttpResponse('Activation is failed.')

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from .views import (
 Register,
 Login,
 ActivateAccount,
)


app_name = 'users'
urlpatterns = [
 re_path(r'^register/$', Register.as_view(), name='register'),
 re_path(r'^login/$', Login.as_view(), name='login'),
 re_path(r'^activate/(?P[0-9A-Za-z_\-]+)/(?P[0-9A-Za-z]{1,13}-[0-9A-Za-z]{1,20})/$',
  ActivateAccount.as_view(), name='activate'),
]