Python實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)帶權(quán)無回置隨機(jī)抽選函數(shù)的方法

from operator import itemgetter

users = [('A', 1), ('B', 1), ('C', 2)]

total = sum(map(itemgetter(1), users))

rnd = int(random.random()*total) # 0~3

s = 0
for u, w in users:
  s += w
  if s > rnd:
   return u

users = [('A', 1), ('B', 1), ('C', 2)]

cum_weights = list(itertools.accumulate(map(itemgetter(1), users))) # [1, 2, 4]

total = cum_weights[-1]

rnd = int(random.random()*total) # 0~3

hi = len(cum_weights) - 1
index = bisect.bisect(cum_weights, rnd, 0, hi)

return users(index)[0]

def choices(self, population, weights=None, *, cum_weights=None, k=1):
  """Return a k sized list of population elements chosen with replacement.
  If the relative weights or cumulative weights are not specified,
  the selections are made with equal probability.
  """
  random = self.random
  if cum_weights is None:
    if weights is None:
      _int = int
      total = len(population)
      return [population[_int(random() * total)] for i in range(k)]
    cum_weights = list(_itertools.accumulate(weights))
  elif weights is not None:
    raise TypeError('Cannot specify both weights and cumulative weights')
  if len(cum_weights) != len(population):
    raise ValueError('The number of weights does not match the population')
  bisect = _bisect.bisect
  total = cum_weights[-1]
  hi = len(cum_weights) - 1
  return [population[bisect(cum_weights, random() * total, 0, hi)]
      for i in range(k)]

result = [None] * k
n = len(population)
pool = list(population) # 不改變原有的序列
for i in range(k):
  j = int(random.random()*(n-i))
  result[k] = pool[j]
  pool[j] = pool[n-i-1] # 已選中的元素移走，后面未選中元素填上
return result

selected = set()
selected_add = selected.add # 加速方法訪問
for i in range(k):
  j = int(random.random()*n)
  while j in selected:
    j = int(random.random()*n)
  selected_add(j)
  result[j] = population[j]
return result

def weighted_sample(population, weights, k=1):
  """Like random.sample, but add weights.
  """
  n = len(population)
  if n == 0:
    return []
  if not 0 <= k <= n:
    raise ValueError("Sample larger than population or is negative")
  if len(weights) != n:
    raise ValueError('The number of weights does not match the population')

  cum_weights = list(itertools.accumulate(weights))
  total = cum_weights[-1]
  if total <= 0: # 預(yù)防一些錯(cuò)誤的權(quán)重
    return random.sample(population, k=k)
  hi = len(cum_weights) - 1

  selected = set()
  _bisect = bisect.bisect
  _random = random.random
  selected_add = selected.add
  result = [None] * k
  for i in range(k):
    j = _bisect(cum_weights, _random()*total, 0, hi)
    while j in selected:
      j = _bisect(cum_weights, _random()*total, 0, hi)
    selected_add(j)
    result[i] = population[j]
  return result