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前言:
重點(diǎn)步驟:找主配置文件,找啟動腳本
ip解析域名,多用于測試
www.sina.com.cn. 最后一個(gè)點(diǎn)是根,整體就是完全合格域名
www是主機(jī)名稱,sina二級域名,com.cn是頂級域名 .是根
在服務(wù)安裝完畢時(shí),就是緩存服務(wù)器
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options { '選項(xiàng)'
listen-on port 53 { any; }; '監(jiān)聽地址所有'
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named"; '目錄在/var/named下'
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { 192.168.10.0/24; }; '允許此網(wǎng)段前來解析'
#正向解析
zone "localhost" IN { '主機(jī)名,例kgc.com'
type master; 'master類型,主服務(wù)器'
file "named.localhost"; '區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件名,A記錄,可以解析主機(jī)頭,'
allow-update { none; }; '允許更新'
allow-transfer { 173.16.16.2 } '從服務(wù)器的IP地址'
};
#反向解析
zone "16.16.173.in-addr.arpa" IN { 'ip地址反寫'
type master; '主服務(wù)器'
file "named.loopback"; '區(qū)域配置文件名'
allow-update { none; }; '允許更新'
};
16.16.173.in-addr.arpa 是ip地址的反寫 正寫是'173.16.16.?',?作為一個(gè)選項(xiàng)
$TTL 1D '有效解析記錄的生命周期'
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 'SOA標(biāo)記、@域名、管理者郵箱'
0 ; serial
'更新序列號,可以是10位以內(nèi)的整數(shù),當(dāng)前0'
1D ; refresh
'刷新時(shí)間,重新下載地址數(shù)據(jù)的間隔,1天'
1H ; retry
'重試延時(shí),下載失敗后的重試間隔,1小時(shí)'
1W ; expire
'失效時(shí)間,超過改時(shí)間仍無法下載則放棄,1周'
3H ) ; minimum
'無效解析記錄的生存周期 3小時(shí)'
NS @ '@指自己'
A 127.0.0.1 '回環(huán)地址,此行的首位沒寫,默認(rèn)是自己的主機(jī)名,即輸入自己的主機(jī)名就是在ping自己'
AAAA ::1
~
若是找不到主服務(wù)器,就會每1小時(shí)找一次,持續(xù)1w即一周
$TTL 1D '有效解析記錄的生命周期'
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 'SOA標(biāo)記、@域名、管理者郵箱'
0 ; serial
'更新序列號,可以是10位以內(nèi)的整數(shù),當(dāng)前0'
1D ; refresh
'刷新時(shí)間,重新下載地址數(shù)據(jù)的間隔,1天'
1H ; retry
'重試延時(shí),下載失敗后的重試間隔,1小時(shí)'
1W ; expire
'失效時(shí)間,超過改時(shí)間仍無法下載則放棄,1周'
3H ) ; minimum
'無效解析記錄的生存周期 3小時(shí)'
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
AAAA ::1
@ IN NS ns1.bdqn.com. '自己的域名叫做ns1.bdqn.com.'
IN MX 10 mail.bdqn.com. '自己的郵件交換系統(tǒng)優(yōu)先級別10的叫做mail.bdqn.com.'
ns1 IN A 58.119.74.203 '主機(jī)名即主機(jī)頭為ns1時(shí),對應(yīng)的ip地址58.119.74.203'
www IN A 173.16.16.1 '主機(jī)名為www時(shí),對應(yīng)的ip地址為為173.16.16.1'
mail IN A 173.16.16.4
ftp IN CNAME www 'cname,別名,即輸入ftp相當(dāng)于輸入www'
~
[root@dns named]# rpm -qc bind '查看已安裝bind軟件的配置文件'
/etc/logrotate.d/named
/etc/named.conf
/etc/named.iscdlv.key
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
/etc/named.root.key
/etc/rndc.conf
/etc/rndc.key
/etc/sysconfig/named
/var/named/named.ca
/var/named/named.empty
/var/named/named.localhost
/var/named/named.loopback
[root@dns named]#
[root@dns named]# vim /etc/named.conf '配置主配置文件'
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; }; '監(jiān)聽地址修改為所有'
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named"; '默認(rèn)文件存放位置,不用動'
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { any; }; '允許所有主機(jī)前來解析'
/*
[root@dns named]# vim /etc/named.conf '配置主配置文件'
zone "." IN { '根域,不要去動它'
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; '區(qū)域配置文件,接下來要配置它'
include "/etc/named.root.key";
[root@dns named]# cd /var/named '去看一眼默認(rèn)文件存放路徑'
[root@dns named]# ls
chroot data dyndb-ldap kgc.com.zone named.empty named.loopback
chroot_sdb dynamic kgc.com.local named.ca named.localhost slaves
[root@dns named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones '配置區(qū)域配置文件'
以ipv6反向解析zone為界限,上面的是正向解析zone,下面是反向解析zone
zone "kgc.com" IN { '創(chuàng)建一個(gè)kgc.com正向解析區(qū)域'
type master;
file "kgc.com.zone";
'存放文件在默認(rèn)目錄/var/named下,名為kgc.com.zone文件,若是沒有需要自己創(chuàng)建'
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.loopback";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.10.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "kgc.com.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
[root@dns named]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone
'保留權(quán)限復(fù)制模板,重命名為kgc.com.zone'
[root@dns named]# vim kgc.com.zone ''修改區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù),
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS kgc.com.
A 127.0.0.1
IN MX 5 mail.kgc.com.
mail IN A 10.10.10.10
www IN A 9.9.9.9
ftp IN CNAME www
* IN A 8.8.8.8
@ 代表變量,在這里指域名
此時(shí)DNS的正向解析已經(jīng)配置完畢
[root@dns named]# systemctl start named '啟動服務(wù)'
[root@dns named]# netstat -natp |grep named '查看端口狀態(tài)-n 數(shù)字 -a 所有 -t tcp -p protocol 協(xié)議'
tcp 0 0 192.168.139.132:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 40771/named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 40771/named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 40771/named
tcp6 0 0 ::1:53 :::* LISTEN 40771/named
tcp6 0 0 ::1:953 :::* LISTEN 40771/named
[root@dns named]# netstat -naup |grep named '-u udp'
udp 0 0 192.168.139.132:53 0.0.0.0:* 40771/named
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 40771/named
udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 40771/named
udp6 0 0 ::1:53 :::* 40771/named
[root@dns named]# systemctl stop firewalld '關(guān)閉防火墻'
[root@dns named]# setenforce 0 '關(guān)閉安全增強(qiáng)服務(wù)'
驗(yàn)證一下
新建一臺虛擬機(jī),網(wǎng)卡模式也設(shè)置為nat模式,然后指定dns
C:\Users\GSY>nslookup mail.kgc.com
服務(wù)器: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.139.132
名稱: mail.kgc.com
Address: 10.10.10.10
C:\Users\GSY>nslookup qqq.kgc.com
服務(wù)器: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.139.132
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
名稱: qqq.kgc.com
Address: 123.123.123.123
'也可以在本機(jī)的/etc/resolv.conf內(nèi)輸入dns服務(wù)器名,告訴主機(jī)dns的位置,進(jìn)行本地驗(yàn)證 '
[root@dns named]# echo "nameserver 192.168.139.132" > /etc/resolv.conf
[root@dns named]# nslookup www.kgc.com
Server: 192.168.139.132
Address: 192.168.139.132#53
Name: www.kgc.com
Address: 10.0.0.10
14 IN PTR www.kgc.com.
13 IN PTR ftp.kgc.com.
反向解析的區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件配置
[root@dns named]# cp -p named.loopback kgc.com.local
'創(chuàng)建的文件名與區(qū)域反向解析配置的文件名一致'
[root@dns named]# vim kgc.com.local
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA kgc.com. admin.kgc.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS kgc.com.
A 14.0.0.14
14 IN PTR www.kgc.com.
13 IN PTR ftp.kgc.com.
2 IN PTR WWW.GSYDSG.com.
~
測試 nslookup 或者h(yuǎn)ost都可以
[root@dns named]# systemctl restart named
[root@dns named]# nslookup 14.0.0.2 '因?yàn)樵谂渲梦募惺谴髮懙腤WW,所以不是域名='
2.0.0.14.in-addr.arpa name = WWW.GSYDSG.com.
[root@dns named]# host 14.0.0.14
14.0.0.14.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.kgc.com.
[root@dns named]# host 14.0.0.13
13.0.0.14.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ftp.kgc.com.
[root@dns named]#
www IN A 9.9.9.9
www IN A 7.7.7.7
www IN A 6.6.6.6
* IN A 8.8.8.8
驗(yàn)證同一域名對應(yīng)到多個(gè)IP地址
C:\Users\GSY>nslookup www.kgc.com
服務(wù)器: UnKnown
Address: 192.168.139.132
DNS request timed out.
timeout was 2 seconds.
名稱: www.kgc.com
Addresses: 6.6.6.6
7.7.7.7
9.9.9.9
[root@dns named]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[root@dns named]# named-checkconf /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
沒啥反應(yīng),因?yàn)槭钦_\(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的,我把里面的數(shù)據(jù)改錯(cuò)驗(yàn)證一下
zoe "kgc.com" IN { '去掉個(gè)字母'
type master;
file "kgc.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
[root@dns named]# named-checkconf /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones:13: unknown option 'zoe'
錯(cuò)誤改回來
[root@dns named]# named-checkconf -z /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone kgc.com/IN: loaded serial 0
zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 0.0.14.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
-z 選項(xiàng),還會查看其中的zone項(xiàng)是否有誤
不帶-z選項(xiàng),只查看整體的語法
[root@dns named]# named-checkzone kgc.com /var/named/kgc.com.zone
zone kgc.com/IN: loaded serial 0
OK
slave 從服務(wù)器
先管關(guān)掉防火墻再說
主配置文件/etc/bind/named.conf
數(shù)據(jù)文件 /var/named
程序 /usr/sbin/named
options { '眾多選項(xiàng)'
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; '監(jiān)聽此地址'
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named"; '默認(rèn)目錄在/var/named下'
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { localhost; }; '允許此主機(jī)名前來解析'
#正向解析
zone "localhost" IN { “主機(jī)名”
type master; 'master類型,主服務(wù)器'
file "named.localhost"; '區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件名,A記錄,可以解析主機(jī)頭'
allow-update { none; }; '允許更新'
allow-transfer { 173.16.16.2 }; '從服務(wù)器的IP地址'
};
zone "localhost" IN { “主機(jī)名”
type slave; 'slave類型,從服務(wù)器'
file “slaves/bdqn.com.zone”;
allow-update { none; }; '允許更新'
masters { 192.168.10.10; }; '主服務(wù)器的IP地址'
};
#反向解析
zone "16.16.173.in-addr.arpa" IN { 'ip地址反寫'
type master; '主服務(wù)器'
file "named.loopback"; '區(qū)域配置文件名'
allow-update { none; }; '允許更新'
};
以其中的named.localhost為模板帶權(quán)限復(fù)制,名字改為區(qū)域配置文件中file參數(shù)的名字
$TTL 1D '有效解析記錄的生命周期'
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 'SOA標(biāo)記、@域名、管理者郵箱'
0 ; serial
'更新序列號,可以是10位以內(nèi)的整數(shù),當(dāng)前0'
1D ; refresh
'刷新時(shí)間,重新下載地址數(shù)據(jù)的間隔,1天'
1H ; retry
'重試延時(shí),下載失敗后的重試間隔,1小時(shí)'
1W ; expire
'失效時(shí)間,超過改時(shí)間仍無法下載則放棄,1周'
3H ) ; minimum
'無效解析記錄的生存周期 3小時(shí)'
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
AAAA ::1
@ IN NS ns1.bdqn.com.
IN MX 10 mail.bdqn.com.
mail IN A 173.16.16.4
ns1 IN A 58.119.74.203
ftp IN CNAME www
www IN A 173.16.16.1
nslookup可以去檢驗(yàn)
可以在/etc/hosts 和/etc/resolv.conf文件中輸入dns服務(wù)器主機(jī)名
并確認(rèn),用以快速訪問dns地址
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