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今天我們用python和python的工具包pygame來編寫一個貪吃蛇的小游戲
貪吃蛇游戲功能介紹
貪吃蛇的游戲規(guī)則如下:
通過上下左右鍵或者WASD鍵來移動蛇來,讓它吃到食物,每吃到食物,蛇的長度變長,并獲得分數(shù)。若蛇碰到游戲邊際
或者自身,則蛇死亡,游戲結(jié)束。
游戲設(shè)計思路
根據(jù)游戲規(guī)則,我們需要:
1.初始化游戲環(huán)境。
2.初始化蛇、食物
3.監(jiān)聽鍵盤動作
4.蛇的運動,吃食物,是否死亡
5.該局游戲結(jié)束,是否還有再玩。
其中的難點在于如何在屏幕上展示蛇的運動,其實我們?nèi)庋鬯姷纳叩倪\動并不是真實的,而是在后臺通過刷新蛇的坐標而實現(xiàn)的。即可以創(chuàng)建一個蛇的坐標列表,每移動一次,則新的坐標加入,同時刪除末尾坐標,看起來像是蛇的在移動。
一個簡單地設(shè)計框圖如下:
代碼實現(xiàn)
''' my_snake.py @author HelloWorld! @time:2019.10.27 ''' import random import pygame import sys from pygame.locals import * windows_width=800 #游戲窗口的大小,原點在左上角 windows_height=600 cell_size=20 #snake 的大小,需被窗口長寬整除 #一些顏色定義 white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) gray = (230, 230, 230) dark_gray = (40, 40, 40) DARKGreen = (0, 155, 0) Green = (0, 255, 0) Red = (255, 0, 0) blue = (0, 0, 255) dark_blue =(0,0, 139) BG_COLOR = (184,224,217) #貪吃蛇的地圖尺寸 map_width = int(windows_width / cell_size) map_height = int(windows_height / cell_size) #蛇的移動速度 snake_speed=5 #方向定義 UP = 1 DOWN = 2 LEFT = 3 RIGHT = 4 #主函數(shù) def main_game(): pygame.init() #初始化gygame screen=pygame.display.set_mode((windows_width,windows_height)) pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇游戲") snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 創(chuàng)建Pygame時鐘對象 screen.fill(white) while True: run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock) #游戲主體 gameover(screen) #游戲結(jié)束 def run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock): #初始化蛇的位置,方向,食物的位置 start_x=random.randint(3,map_width-8) start_y=random.randint(3,map_width-8) snake_coords=[{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake,也可以用列表的的列表 direction = RIGHT food=get_random_location() #循環(huán) while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): #鍵盤事件監(jiān)聽 if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按鍵事件 if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and direction!=RIGHT: direction=LEFT elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and direction!=LEFT: direction=RIGHT elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN: direction = UP elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP: direction = DOWN elif event.key == K_ESCAPE: pygame.quit() sys.exit() snake_move(direction,snake_coords) #根據(jù)方向,移動蛇 alive=snake_is_alive(snake_coords) #判斷蛇的死活 if not alive: #如果掛了,則終止循環(huán),跳出run_game函數(shù),執(zhí)行g(shù)ameover break snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food) #沒掛,則看看遲到食物了嗎 screen.fill(BG_COLOR) #游戲背景刷新 #下面draw,是把蛇食物等畫出來 draw_snake(screen, snake_coords) draw_food(screen,food) draw_score(screen, len(snake_coords) - 3) # draw_grid(screen) pygame.display.flip() #控制執(zhí)行次數(shù) snake_speed_clock.tick(snake_speed) # 控制fps #根據(jù)移動方向,更新蛇頭坐標 def snake_move(directtion,snake_coords): if directtion==UP: newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':snake_coords[0]['y']-1} elif directtion==DOWN: newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1} elif directtion==LEFT: newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']-1, 'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] } elif directtion == RIGHT: newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']+1, 'y': snake_coords[0]['y']} snake_coords.insert(0,newHead) def snake_is_alive(snake_coords): #碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了 alive=True if snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or snake_coords[0]['x'] == map_width or snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or \ snake_coords[0]['y'] == map_height: alive=False for snake_body in snake_coords[1:]: if snake_coords[0]['x']==snake_body['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==snake_body['y']: alive=False return alive #坐標重合,表示吃到食物了,否則就沒有,則移動,把 def snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food): if snake_coords[0]['x']==food['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==food['y']: food['x']=random.randint(0, map_width-1) food['y']=random.randint(0, map_height-1) else: del snake_coords[-1] def get_random_location(): #食物的坐標隨機生成 return {'x':random.randint(0,map_width-1),'y':random.randint(0,map_height-1)} def draw_snake(screen, snake_coords): for coord in snake_coords: x=coord['x']*cell_size y=coord['y']*cell_size segmentRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen,dark_blue,segmentRect) def draw_food(screen,food): x=food['x']*cell_size y=food['y']*cell_size foodRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen,Red,foodRect) def draw_grid(screen): for x in range(0,windows_width,cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(x,0),(x,windows_height)) for y in range(0,windows_height,cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(0,y),(windows_width,y)) def draw_score(screen, score): font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) score_str = "{:,}".format(score) score_image=font.render('Score: '+score_str,True,Green,gray) score_rect=score_image.get_rect() score_rect.topleft=(windows_width-200,10) screen.blit(score_image, score_rect) def gameover(screen): font=pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) tips=font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue',True, (65, 105, 225)) screen.blit(tips,(80, 300)) pygame.display.update() while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type==QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == KEYDOWN: if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 終止程序 pygame.quit() sys.exit() # 終止程序 else: return # 結(jié)束此函數(shù), 重新開始游戲 if __name__=='__main__': main_game()
功能抽象及多彩化設(shè)計
上面的實現(xiàn)中,我們采用的面向過程的實現(xiàn)方法,沒有抽象,如果要設(shè)計更大的游戲則是不行的。我們可以采用抽象的方法,讓實現(xiàn)更加條理化,同時邏輯更清晰。
同時,如果讓食物的顏色不同,同時蛇吃到什么顏色的食物,那么它身體的一部分就變成相應(yīng)的顏色,那么最終蛇會變成一條多彩蛇,想必很有意思。
下面我們結(jié)合上述兩點來實現(xiàn)新的功能。代碼如下:
''' @colorful_snake.py @author HelloWorld! @time:2019.10.27 @ class is used to design a snake game ''' import random import pygame from pygame.locals import * import sys class Settings(): def __init__(self): self.windows_width=800 #游戲窗口的大小,原點在左上角 self.windows_height=600 self.BG_COLOR = (184,224,217) self.cell_size=20 #snake 的大小,需被窗口長寬整除 self.map_width = int(self.windows_width / self.cell_size) self.map_height = int(self.windows_height / self.cell_size) self.Green = (0, 255, 0) self.Red = (255, 0, 0) self.Blue = (0, 0, 255) self.orange=(255,128,0) self.purple=(128, 0, 255) self.black = (0, 0, 0) self.white = (255, 255, 255) self.dark_blue = (0, 0, 139) self.gray = (230, 230, 230) #方向 self.UP = 1 self.DOWN = 2 self.LEFT = 3 self.RIGHT = 4 class Snake(): def __init__(self,settings): self.cell_size=settings.cell_size self.snake_coords=[] self.direction=settings.RIGHT self.snake_speed=5 self.initialize_snake(settings) def initialize_snake(self,settings): # [{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake,也可以用列表的的列表 start_x = random.randint(3, settings.map_width - 8) start_y = random.randint(3, settings.map_width - 8) snake_coords = [{'x': start_x, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}, {'x': start_x - 1, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}, {'x': start_x - 2, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}] # 初始化snake,也可以用列表的的列表 self.snake_coords=snake_coords def snake_move(self,settings): if self.direction == settings.UP: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] - 1,'color':settings.dark_blue} elif self.direction == settings.DOWN: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1,'color':settings.dark_blue} elif self.direction == settings.LEFT: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] - 1, 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue} elif self.direction == settings.RIGHT: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] + 1, 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue} self.snake_coords.insert(0, newHead) def snake_is_alive(self,settings):# 碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了 alive = True if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == settings.map_width or self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or \ self.snake_coords[0]['y'] ==settings.map_height: alive = False for snake_body in self.snake_coords[1:]: if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == snake_body['x'] and self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == snake_body['y']: alive = False return alive class Food(): def __init__(self,settings): self.cell_size=settings.cell_size self.color=self.initialize_food(settings) self.x= random.randint(0, settings.map_width - 1) self.y= random.randint(0, settings.map_height - 1) def initialize_food(self,settings): colors=[settings.Green,settings.Red,settings.Blue,settings.orange,settings.purple,settings.black] color=random.choice(colors) return color class GameFunction(): def __init__(self,screen): self.screen=screen def check_event(self,snake,settings): for event in pygame.event.get(): #鍵盤事件監(jiān)聽 if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按鍵事件 if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and snake.direction!=settings.RIGHT: snake.direction=settings.LEFT elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and snake.direction!=settings.LEFT: snake.direction=settings.RIGHT elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and snake.direction != settings.DOWN: snake.direction = settings.UP elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and snake.direction != settings.UP: snake.direction = settings.DOWN elif event.key == K_ESCAPE: pygame.quit() sys.exit() def snake_eat_foods(self,snake,food,settings): if snake.snake_coords[0]['x'] == food.x and snake.snake_coords[0]['y'] == food.y: snake.snake_coords[0]['color'] = food.color food.x = random.randint(0, settings.map_width - 1) food.y = random.randint(0, settings.map_height - 1) food.color=food.initialize_food(settings) else: for i in range(len(snake.snake_coords)-1): snake.snake_coords[i]['color']=snake.snake_coords[i+1]['color'] del snake.snake_coords[-1] def update(self,snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock): screen.fill(settings.BG_COLOR) # 游戲背景刷新 # 下面draw,是把蛇食物等畫出來 self.draw_snake(screen, snake) self.draw_food(screen, food) self.draw_score(screen,snake,settings) self.draw_grid(screen,settings) pygame.display.flip() # 控制執(zhí)行次數(shù) snake_speed_clock.tick(snake.snake_speed) # 控制fps def draw_snake(self,screen,snake): for coord in snake.snake_coords: x = coord['x'] * snake.cell_size y = coord['y'] * snake.cell_size segmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, snake.cell_size, snake.cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen, coord['color'], segmentRect) def draw_food(self,screen, food): x = food.x* food.cell_size y = food.y * food.cell_size foodRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, food.cell_size, food.cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen, food.color, foodRect) def draw_grid(self,screen,settings): for x in range(0, settings.windows_width, settings.cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen, settings.gray, (x, 0), (x, settings.windows_height)) for y in range(0, settings.windows_height,settings.cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen, settings.gray, (0, y), (settings.windows_width, y)) def draw_score(self,screen, snake,settings): score=len(snake.snake_coords)-3 font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) score_str = "{:,}".format(score) score_image = font.render('Score: ' + score_str, True, settings.Green, settings.gray) score_rect = score_image.get_rect() score_rect.topleft = (settings.windows_width - 200, 10) screen.blit(score_image, score_rect) def gameover(self,screen): font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) tips = font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue', True, (65, 105, 225)) screen.blit(tips, (80, 300)) pygame.display.update() while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == KEYDOWN: if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 終止程序 pygame.quit() sys.exit() # 終止程序 else: return # 結(jié)束此函數(shù), 重新開始游戲 #主函數(shù) def main_game(): pygame.init() #初始化gygame settings=Settings() screen=pygame.display.set_mode((settings.windows_width,settings.windows_height)) pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇游戲") snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 創(chuàng)建Pygame時鐘對象 screen.fill(settings.white) gf=GameFunction(screen) while True: snake = Snake(settings) food = Food(settings) while True: gf.check_event(snake,settings) snake.snake_move(settings) alive = snake.snake_is_alive(settings) # 判斷蛇的死活 if not alive: # 如果掛了,則終止循環(huán),跳出run_game函數(shù),執(zhí)行g(shù)ameover break gf.snake_eat_foods(snake,food,settings) gf.update(snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock) gf.gameover(screen) #游戲結(jié)束 if __name__=='__main__': main_game()
程序效果如下:
總結(jié)
1、通過上述的代碼,功能基本實現(xiàn)
2、多彩版的蛇的色彩太鮮艷,看起來太難受了
3、多彩版的在運行中存在不穩(wěn)定情況,具體原因還沒查看,請大家?guī)兔χ赋龃a中的問題。
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的python 使用pygame工具包實現(xiàn)貪吃蛇游戲,希望對大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會及時回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對億速云網(wǎng)站的支持!
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