MySQL管理操作簡析

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Mysql管理操作

數(shù)據(jù)庫管理操作

• 查看數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)構(gòu)
• 創(chuàng)建及刪除庫和表
• 管理表的記錄

基本操作命令

• 查看數(shù)據(jù)庫列表信息
  • SHOW DATABASES
  • 

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• 查看數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)表信息
  • USE數(shù)據(jù)庫名
  • SHOW TABLES

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| .....                     |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• 顯示數(shù)據(jù)表的結(jié)構(gòu)（字段）
  • DESCRIBE [數(shù)據(jù)庫名.]表名

mysql> describe db;
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field                 | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host                  | char(60)      | NO   | PRI |         |       |
| Db                    | char(64)      | NO   | PRI |         |       |
| User                  | cha(32)      | NO   | PRI |         |       |
| Select_priv           | enum('N','Y') | NO   |     | N       |       |
| Execute_priv          | enum('N','Y') | NO   |     | N       |       |
| ...                                                                  |
| Trigger_priv          | enum('N','Y') | NO   |     | N       |       |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SQL語句概述

SQL語言

• 是Structured Query Language的縮寫，即結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言
• 是關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言
• 用于維護(hù)管理數(shù)據(jù)庫,如數(shù)據(jù)查詢、數(shù)據(jù)更新、訪問控制、對象管理等功能

SQL分類

• DDL：數(shù)據(jù)定義語言
• DML：數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言
• DQL：數(shù)據(jù)查詢語言
• DCL：數(shù)據(jù)控制語言

DDL語句操作

• DDL語句用于創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫對象，如庫、表、索引等
• 使用DDL語句新建庫、表
  • 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫: CREATE DATABASE   數(shù)據(jù)庫名
  • 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表: CREATE TABLE  表名（字段定義...）

mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> create table info (
    -> id int(4) ,
    -> name char(10) not null,
    -> address varchar(50) default 'nanjing',
    -> primary key (id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

DDL語句操作

• 使用DDL語句刪除庫、表
  • 刪除指定的數(shù)據(jù)表: DROP TABLE [數(shù)據(jù)庫名.]表名
  • 刪除指定的數(shù)據(jù)庫: DROP DATABASE 數(shù)據(jù)庫名

mysql> drop table info;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

DML語句操作

• DML語句用于對表中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行管理
• 包括以下操作
  • INSERT:插入新數(shù)據(jù)
  • UPDATE :更新原有數(shù)據(jù)
  • DELETE :刪除不需要的數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> create table info ( 
    -> id int(4) not null,
    -> name char(10) not null,
    -> address varchar(50) default 'nanjing',
    -> primary key (id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into info (id,name,address) values (1,'zhangsan','beijing');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from info;       //查看表所有內(nèi)容
+----+----------+---------+
| id | name     | address |
+----+----------+---------+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing |
+----+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update info set address='shanghai' where id=1;    //將info表內(nèi)id為1的address更改為shanghai
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from info;              //查看表內(nèi)容
+----+----------+----------+
| id | name     | address  |
+----+----------+----------+
|  1 | zhangsan | shanghai |
+----+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from info where id=1;     //根據(jù)條件刪除info表中id為1的數(shù)據(jù)，不帶where條件時刪除表內(nèi)所有數(shù)據(jù)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from info;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

DQL語句操作

• DQL是數(shù)據(jù)查詢語句，只有一條: SELECT
• 用于從數(shù)據(jù)表中查找符合條件的數(shù)據(jù)記錄
• 查詢時可不指定條件
  • SELECT 字段名1,字段名2.... FROM表名

mysql> select * from info;       //查看表所有內(nèi)容
+----+----------+---------+
| id | name     | address |
+----+----------+---------+
|  1 | zhangsan | beijing |
+----+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select name from info where id=1;      //條件查看表內(nèi)容
+----------+
| name     |
+----------+
| zhangsan |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

DCL語句操作

• 設(shè)置用戶權(quán)限（用戶不存在時。則新建用戶

  • GRANT 權(quán)限列表 ON 數(shù)據(jù)庫名.表名 TO 用戶名@來源地址 [ IDENTIFIED BY   '密碼' ]

• 查看用戶的權(quán)限

  • SHOW GRANT FOR 用戶名@來源地址
• 撤銷用戶的權(quán)限
  • REVOKE 權(quán)限列表 ON 數(shù)據(jù)庫名.表名 FROM 用戶名@來源地址

  • 看了以上關(guān)于MySQL管理操作簡析，希望能給大家在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限，難免會有不足和需要補(bǔ)充的地方，如有需要更加專業(yè)的解答，可在官網(wǎng)聯(lián)系我們的24小時售前售后，隨時幫您解答問題的。