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這篇文章主要介紹了如何使用nginx進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡,具有一定借鑒價(jià)值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
四層負(fù)載均衡 vs 七層負(fù)載均衡
經(jīng)常會(huì)說七層負(fù)載均衡還是四層負(fù)載均衡,其實(shí)根據(jù)ISO的OSI網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的所在層的叫法而決定的,nginx因?yàn)樵谑褂胔ttp協(xié)議在應(yīng)用層進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡的操作,所以被稱為七層負(fù)載均衡。而諸如LVS在TCP層進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡操作的則被稱為四層負(fù)載均衡。一般來說,有如下層的負(fù)載均衡分類:
常見軟件的支持
常見的負(fù)載均衡算法
負(fù)載均衡常見有如下幾種算法:
負(fù)載均衡演示實(shí)例:普通輪詢
接下來使用nginx來演示一下如何進(jìn)行普通輪詢:
事前準(zhǔn)備
事前在7001/7002兩個(gè)端口分別啟動(dòng)兩個(gè)服務(wù),用于顯示不同信息,為了演示方便,使用tornado做了一個(gè)鏡像,通過docker容器啟動(dòng)時(shí)傳遞的參數(shù)不同用于顯示服務(wù)的不同。
[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "User Service 1: 7001" ddba0abd24524d270a782c3fab907f6a35c0ce514eec3159357bded09022ee57 [root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "User Service 1: 7002" 95deadd795e19f675891bfcd44e5ea622c95615a95655d1fd346351eca707951 [root@kong ~]# [root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7001 Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7001 [root@kong ~]# [root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7002 Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7002 [root@kong ~]#
啟動(dòng)nginx
[root@kong ~]# docker run -p 9080:80 --name nginx-lb -d nginx 9d53c7e9a45ef93e7848eb3f4e51c2652a49681e83bda6337c89a3cf2f379c74 [root@kong ~]# docker ps |grep nginx-lb 9d53c7e9a45e nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:9080->80/tcp nginx-lb [root@kong ~]#
nginx代碼段
準(zhǔn)備如下nginx代碼段將其添加到nginx的/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中
http { upstream nginx_lb { server 192.168.163.117:7001; server 192.168.163.117:7002; } server { listen 80; server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117; location / { proxy_pass http://nginx_lb; } }
修改default.conf的方法
可以通過在容器中安裝vim達(dá)到效果,也可以在本地修改然后通過docker cp傳入,或者直接sed修改都可。如果在容器中安裝vim,使用如下方式即可
[root@kong ~]# docker exec -it nginx-lb sh # apt-get update ...省略 # apt-get install vim ...省略
修改前
# cat default.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } #
修改后
# cat default.conf upstream nginx_lb { server 192.168.163.117:7001; server 192.168.163.117:7002; } server { listen 80; server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117; #charset koi8-r; #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main; location / { #root /usr/share/nginx/html; #index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://nginx_lb; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } #
重啟nginx容器
[root@kong ~]# docker restart nginx-lb nginx-lb [root@kong ~]#
確認(rèn)結(jié)果
可以清晰地看到按照順序,進(jìn)行輪詢:
[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7001
[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7002
[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7001
[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7002
[root@kong ~]#
負(fù)載均衡演示實(shí)例:權(quán)重輪詢
而在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行權(quán)重輪詢只需要加上weight即可
修改default.conf
按照如下修改default.conf
# cp default.conf default.conf.org # vi default.conf # diff default.conf default.conf.org 2,3c2,3 < server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100; < server 192.168.163.117:7002 weight=200; --- > server 192.168.163.117:7001; > server 192.168.163.117:7002; #
重啟nginx容器
[root@kong ~]# docker restart nginx-lb nginx-lb [root@kong ~]#
確認(rèn)結(jié)果
可以看到輪詢結(jié)果按照1/3和2/3的比重在進(jìn)行了:
[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7001
[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7002
[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
Hello, Service :User Service 1: 7002
[root@kong ~]#
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