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構(gòu)建虛擬Web主機(jī)實(shí)例

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-07-19 13:36:43 來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò) 閱讀：288 作者：wx5d8a17c45cb5b 欄目：系統(tǒng)運(yùn)維

構(gòu)建虛擬Web主機(jī)實(shí)例

虛擬web主機(jī)的定義：

●在同一臺(tái)服務(wù)器中運(yùn)行多個(gè)Web站點(diǎn),其中每一個(gè)站點(diǎn)并不獨(dú)立占用一臺(tái)真正的計(jì)算機(jī)

虛擬主機(jī)的優(yōu)勢(shì)：

? 虛擬Web主機(jī)指的是在同一臺(tái)服務(wù)器中運(yùn)行多個(gè)Web站點(diǎn)，其中的每一個(gè)站點(diǎn)實(shí)際上并不獨(dú)自占用整個(gè)服務(wù)器，因此

被稱(chēng)為“虛擬Web主機(jī)”。 通過(guò)虛擬Web主機(jī)服務(wù)可以充分利用服務(wù)器的硬件資源，從而大大降低網(wǎng)站構(gòu)建及運(yùn)行成本。

httpd支持的虛擬主機(jī)類(lèi)型：

●基于域名的虛擬主機(jī) （應(yīng)用最為廣泛）
●基于IP地址的虛擬主機(jī)
●基于端口的虛擬主機(jī)

特征關(guān)系對(duì)應(yīng)分別如下

  • ip相同、端口相同，域名不同；

  • ip不同，端口不同；

  • ip相同，端口不同。
1）基于域名構(gòu)建示例

構(gòu)建兩個(gè)虛擬web站點(diǎn)

1.www.jj.com

2.www.kk.com

實(shí)際流程如下：

使用一臺(tái)httpd服務(wù)器搭建，ip地址為192.168.68.145.具體構(gòu)建過(guò)程如下：

1.為虛擬主機(jī)提供域名解析

安裝bind和httpd服務(wù)：yum install -y bind httpd

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf 
[root@localhost ~]# head -21 /etc/named.conf |tail 
options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
        secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
        allow-query     { any; };

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
[root@localhost ~]# head -34 /etc/named.rfc1912.zones | tail 
zone "ll.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "ll.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "cc.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "cc.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# ls
data  dynamic  named.ca  named.empty  named.localhost  named.loopback  slaves
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost ll.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim ll.com.zone 
[root@localhost named]# cp -p ll.com.zone cc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# cat ll.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      @
        A       127.0.0.1
www IN  A       192.168.68.145
[root@localhost named]# cat cc.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      @
        A       127.0.0.1
www IN  A       192.168.68.145

[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named
[root@localhost named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@localhost named]# setenforce 
usage:  setenforce [ Enforcing | Permissive | 1 | 0 ]
[root@localhost named]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost named]# systemctl start httpd

測(cè)試是否成功

構(gòu)建虛擬Web主機(jī)實(shí)例

[root@localhost named]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf
[root@localhost conf]# ls
httpd.conf  magic
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir extra
[root@localhost conf]# ls
extra  httpd.conf  magic
[root@localhost conf]# cd extra/
[root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf 
[root@localhost extra]# cat vhost.conf 
<VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/ll/"
  ServerName www.ll.com
  ErrorLog "logs/www.ll.com.error_log"
  CustomLog "logs/www.ll.com.access_log" common
  <Directory "/var/www/html/"> 
     Require all granted
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc/"
  ServerName www.cc.com
  ErrorLog "logs/www.cc.com.error_log"
  CustomLog "logs/www.cc.com.access_log" common
  <Directory "/var/www/html/">
     Require all granted
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost extra]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
[root@localhost extra]# tail -2 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
Include conf/extra/vhost.conf

[root@localhost extra]# systemctl restart httpd

構(gòu)建虛擬Web主機(jī)實(shí)例

2）基于端口構(gòu)建示例

根據(jù)以上過(guò)程可以繼續(xù)配置來(lái)完成基于端口的構(gòu)建：

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf 
[root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf 

<VirtualHost *:8080>
  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc02/"
  ServerName www.cc.com
  ErrorLog "logs/www.cc02.com.error_log"
  CustomLog "logs/www.cc02.com.access_log" common
  <Directory "/var/www/html/">
     Require all granted
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir cc02
[root@localhost html]# ls
cc  cc02  ll
[root@localhost html]# cd cc02/
[root@localhost cc02]# vim index.html 
[root@localhost cc02]# cat index.html 
<h2>this is cc02 web</h2>
[root@localhost cc02]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
[root@localhost cc02]# head -43 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | tail -3
Listen 192.168.68.145:80
Listen 192.168.68.145:8080
#Listen 80
[root@localhost cc02]# systemctl restart httpd

測(cè)試驗(yàn)證：輸入http://www.cc02.com:8080/即可

構(gòu)建虛擬Web主機(jī)實(shí)例

3）基于IP地址構(gòu)建示例
[root@localhost cc02]# vim  /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf 
[root@localhost cc02]# cat /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.68.145:80>
  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/ll/"
  #ServerName www.ll.com
  ErrorLog "logs/www.ll.com.error_log"
  CustomLog "logs/www.ll.com.access_log" common
  <Directory "/var/www/html/"> 
     Require all granted
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.68.146:80>
  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/ll02/"
  #ServerName www.ll.com
  ErrorLog "logs/www.ll02.com.error_log"
  CustomLog "logs/www.ll02.com.access_log" common
  <Directory "/var/www/html/"> 
     Require all granted
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
#<VirtualHost *:80>
#  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc/"
#  ServerName www.cc.com
#  ErrorLog "logs/www.cc.com.error_log"
#  CustomLog "logs/www.cc.com.access_log" common
#  <Directory "/var/www/html/">
#     Require all granted
#  </Directory>
#</VirtualHost>
#
#<VirtualHost *:8080>
#  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc02/"
#  ServerName www.cc.com
#  ErrorLog "logs/www.cc02.com.error_log"
#  CustomLog "logs/www.cc02.com.access_log" common
#  <Directory "/var/www/html/">
#     Require all granted
#  </Directory>
#</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost cc02]# mkdir ll02
[root@localhost cc02]# cd ll02
[root@localhost ll02]# vim index.html
[root@localhost ll02]# cat index.html 
<h2>this is ll02 146</h2>
[root@localhost ll02]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
[root@localhost ll02]# head -43 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | tail -5
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
Listen 192.168.68.145:80
Listen 192.168.68.146:80
#Listen 192.168.68.145:8080

測(cè)試驗(yàn)證：輸入192.168.68.146

構(gòu)建虛擬Web主機(jī)實(shí)例

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