用java后端實(shí)現(xiàn)微信小程序訂閱消息開發(fā)

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-07-20 14:11:55 來(lái)源：億速云閱讀：640 作者：小豬欄目：web開發(fā)

這篇文章主要講解了用java后端實(shí)現(xiàn)微信小程序訂閱消息開發(fā)，內(nèi)容清晰明了，對(duì)此有興趣的小伙伴可以學(xué)習(xí)一下，相信大家閱讀完之后會(huì)有幫助。

訂閱消息說(shuō)明

訂閱消息是微信近期新出的一個(gè)能力,用來(lái)代替原有的模板消息(原有的模板消息即將下線)

訂閱消息的功能較模板消息有所提升,"7天"的限制取消,同時(shí)有"一次性"和"永久"訂閱.(功能上是這樣說(shuō)的,但是實(shí)際開發(fā)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)"永久"訂閱還是對(duì)小程序的服務(wù)類目有要求的,客戶的小程序只支持"一次性"訂閱)

官方通道:
小程序前端:點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入
小程序服務(wù)端:點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入

開發(fā)思路

用戶在小程序內(nèi)觸發(fā)按鈕或進(jìn)行支付操作時(shí)前端調(diào)用訂閱消息授權(quán)框,默認(rèn)一次授權(quán)只能發(fā)送一次訂閱消息
如果用戶勾選"下次自動(dòng)授權(quán)",下次將不再?gòu)棾鍪跈?quán)框->點(diǎn)擊按鈕直接擁有一次發(fā)送訂閱消息的機(jī)會(huì),此處不需要模板消息的"formId",較之前更簡(jiǎn)單
經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)試,如果在小程序上多次點(diǎn)擊觸發(fā)授權(quán)的按鈕,發(fā)送訂閱消息的機(jī)會(huì)可以累加!!!
(如,1分鐘內(nèi)點(diǎn)擊了10次按鈕,后面將擁有10次發(fā)送訂閱消息的機(jī)會(huì),什么時(shí)候發(fā)都可以)

代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)(僅java后端)

實(shí)體類部分

1.TemplateParam.java

public class TemplateParam { 

private String key; 
private String value; 

public TemplateParam(String key,String value){ 
 this.key=key; 
 this.value=value; 
} 
public String getValue() { 
 return value; 
} 
public void setValue(String value) { 
 this.value = value; 
}
public String getKey() {
 return key;
}
public void setKey(String key) {
 this.key = key;
} 
 
}

2.Template.java

import java.util.List;

public class Template { 
 
private String touser; 
private String template_id; 
private String page;
private List<TemplateParam> templateParamList; 


public String getTouser() {
 return touser;
}

public void setTouser(String touser) {
 this.touser = touser;
}

public String getTemplate_id() {
 return template_id;
}

public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) {
 this.template_id = template_id;
}

public String getPage() {
 return page;
}

public void setPage(String page) {
 this.page = page;
}



public String toJSON() { 
 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); 
 buffer.append("{"); 
 buffer.append(String.format("\"touser\":\"%s\"", this.touser)).append(","); 
 buffer.append(String.format("\"template_id\":\"%s\"", this.template_id)).append(","); 
 buffer.append(String.format("\"page\":\"%s\"", this.page)).append(","); 
 buffer.append("\"data\":{"); 
 TemplateParam param = null; 
 for (int i = 0; i < this.templateParamList.size(); i++) { 
   param = templateParamList.get(i); 
  // 判斷是否追加逗號(hào) 
  if (i < this.templateParamList.size() - 1){ 
   buffer.append(String.format("\"%s\": {\"value\":\"%s\"},", param.getKey(), param.getValue())); 
  }else{ 
   buffer.append(String.format("\"%s\": {\"value\":\"%s\"}", param.getKey(), param.getValue())); 
  } 
 } 
 buffer.append("}"); 
 buffer.append("}"); 
 return buffer.toString(); 
 } 

public List<TemplateParam> getTemplateParamList() { 
 return templateParamList; 
} 

public void setTemplateParamList(List<TemplateParam> templateParamList) { 
 this.templateParamList = templateParamList; 
} 
}

工具類部分

1.CommonUtil.java

import java.io.BufferedReader; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.io.InputStreamReader; 
import java.io.OutputStream; 
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 
import java.net.ConnectException; 
import java.net.HttpURLConnection; 
import java.net.URL; 

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; 
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; 

import net.sf.json.JSONObject; 

public class CommonUtil { 
 
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { 
  
 JSONObject jsonObject = null; 
 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); 
 try { 
  // 創(chuàng)建SSLContext對(duì)象，并使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化 
  TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() }; 
  SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE"); 
  sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom()); 
  // 從上述SSLContext對(duì)象中得到SSLSocketFactory對(duì)象 
  SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); 

  URL url = new URL(requestUrl); 
  HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
  httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf); 

  httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true); 
  httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true); 
  httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); 
  // 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求方式（GET/POST） 
  httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); 

  if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) { 
    httpUrlConn.connect(); 
  } 
    

  // 當(dāng)有數(shù)據(jù)需要提交時(shí) 
  if (null != outputStr) { 
   OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream(); 
   // 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼 
   outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8")); 
   outputStream.close(); 
  } 

  // 將返回的輸入流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串 
  InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream(); 
  InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"); 
  BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); 

  String str = null; 
  while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { 
   buffer.append(str); 
  } 
  bufferedReader.close(); 
  inputStreamReader.close(); 
  // 釋放資源 
  inputStream.close(); 
  inputStream = null; 
  httpUrlConn.disconnect(); 
  jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString()); 
 } catch (ConnectException ce) { 
  ce.printStackTrace(); 
 } catch (Exception e) { 
  e.printStackTrace(); 
 } 
 return jsonObject; 
} 
 
public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { 
  
  
 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); 
 try { 
  

  URL url = new URL(requestUrl); 
  HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
   

  httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true); 
  httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true); 
  httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); 
  // 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求方式（GET/POST） 
  httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); 

  if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) { 
    httpUrlConn.connect(); 
  } 
    

  // 當(dāng)有數(shù)據(jù)需要提交時(shí) 
  if (null != outputStr) { 
   OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream(); 
   // 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼 
   outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8")); 
   outputStream.close(); 
  } 

  // 將返回的輸入流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串 
  InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream(); 
  InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"); 
  BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); 

  String str = null; 
  while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { 
   buffer.append(str); 
  } 
  bufferedReader.close(); 
  inputStreamReader.close(); 
  // 釋放資源 
  inputStream.close(); 
  inputStream = null; 
  httpUrlConn.disconnect(); 
  //jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString()); 
 } catch (ConnectException ce) { 
  ce.printStackTrace(); 
 } catch (Exception e) { 
  e.printStackTrace(); 
 } 
 return buffer.toString(); 
} 
public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source){ 
 String result = source; 
 try { 
  result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source,"utf-8"); 
 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 
  e.printStackTrace(); 
 } 
 return result; 
} 
 
public static String httpsRequestForStr(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) { 
  
 String result=""; 
 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); 
 try { 
  // 創(chuàng)建SSLContext對(duì)象，并使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化 
  TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() }; 
  SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE"); 
  sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom()); 
  // 從上述SSLContext對(duì)象中得到SSLSocketFactory對(duì)象 
  SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); 

  URL url = new URL(requestUrl); 
  HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
  httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf); 

  httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true); 
  httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true); 
  httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false); 
  // 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求方式（GET/POST） 
  httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod); 

  if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) { 
    httpUrlConn.connect(); 
  } 
    

  // 當(dāng)有數(shù)據(jù)需要提交時(shí) 
  if (null != outputStr) { 
   OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream(); 
   // 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼 
   outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8")); 
   outputStream.close(); 
  } 

  // 將返回的輸入流轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串 
  InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream(); 
  InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"); 
  BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); 

  String str = null; 
  while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { 
   buffer.append(str); 
  } 
  bufferedReader.close(); 
  inputStreamReader.close(); 
  // 釋放資源 
  inputStream.close(); 
  inputStream = null; 
  httpUrlConn.disconnect(); 
  result=buffer.toString(); 
 } catch (ConnectException ce) { 
  ce.printStackTrace(); 
 } catch (Exception e) { 
  e.printStackTrace(); 
 } 
 return result; 
} 
 
}

2.HttpUtil.java

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpUtil {

private static final CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

/**
 * 發(fā)送HttpGet請(qǐng)求
 * @param url
 * @return
 */
public static String sendGet(String url) {

 HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
 CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
 try {
  response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
 } catch (IOException e1) {
  e1.printStackTrace();
 }
 String result = null;
 try {
  HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
  if (entity != null) {
   result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
  }
 } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } finally {
  try {
   response.close();
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }
 return result;
}

/**
 * 發(fā)送HttpPost請(qǐng)求，參數(shù)為map
 * @param url
 * @param map
 * @return
 */
public static String sendPost(String url, Map<String, String> map) {
 List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
 for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
  formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
 }
 UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, Consts.UTF_8);
 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
 httppost.setEntity(entity);
 CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
 try {
  response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
 } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
 String result = null;
 try {
  result = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
 } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 return result;
}

/**
 * 發(fā)送不帶參數(shù)的HttpPost請(qǐng)求
 * @param url
 * @return
 */
public static String sendPost(String url) {
 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
 CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
 try {
  response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
 } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
 String result = null;
 try {
  result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
 } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 return result;
}
 
}

jar包:

1.fastjson-1.2.44.jar

控制層代碼:

1.獲取ACCESS_TOKEN

String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token&#63;grant_type=client_credential&appid="
 + 小程序的appid
 + "&secret="
 + 小程序的Secret
 String result = HttpUtil.sendGet(url);
 JSONObject object=JSON.parseObject(result);
 String Access_Token = object.getString("access_token");

2.發(fā)送訂閱消息

 Template template=new Template(); 
 template.setTemplate_id("填寫小程序申請(qǐng)的訂閱消息id"); 
 template.setTouser("用戶的openid");
 template.setPage("pages/index/index");
 List<TemplateParam> paras=new ArrayList<TemplateParam>(); 
 paras.add(new TemplateParam("character_string2","000001")); 
 paras.add(new TemplateParam("amount1","888.88")); 
 paras.add(new TemplateParam("date3","2015年01月05日")); 
 paras.add(new TemplateParam("thing4","請(qǐng)進(jìn)入小程序查1看")); 
 template.setTemplateParamList(paras); 
  String requestUrl="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send&#63;access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN"; 
  requestUrl=requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", Access_Token);  
  
  System.out.println(template.toJSON());
  net.sf.json.JSONObject jsonResult=CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "POST", template.toJSON()); 
  if(jsonResult!=null){ 
  System.out.println(jsonResult);
   int errorCode=jsonResult.getInt("errcode"); 
   String errorMessage=jsonResult.getString("errmsg"); 
   if(errorCode==0){ 
    System.out.println("Send Success");
   }else{ 
    System.out.println("訂閱消息發(fā)送失敗:"+errorCode+","+errorMessage); 
   } 
  }

總結(jié)

1.本文閱讀對(duì)象為初學(xué)者,所有各種工具類.jar包都粘出來(lái)了,直接復(fù)制即可使用
2.通過(guò)該功能的開發(fā),發(fā)現(xiàn)小程序的通知類功能監(jiān)管更加嚴(yán)格,必須用戶授權(quán)才可以發(fā)訂閱消息,同時(shí)用戶可以更方便的取消訂閱,所以建議開發(fā)者慎用此功能

看完上述內(nèi)容，是不是對(duì)用java后端實(shí)現(xiàn)微信小程序訂閱消息開發(fā)有進(jìn)一步的了解，如果還想學(xué)習(xí)更多內(nèi)容，歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道。

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