負(fù)載均衡Nginx配置流程及步驟介紹

下文給大家?guī)?a title="負(fù)載均衡" target="_blank" href="http://www.kemok4.com/slb/">負(fù)載均衡Nginx配置流程及步驟介紹，希望能夠給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助，負(fù)載均衡涉及的東西比較多，理論也不多，網(wǎng)上有很多書籍，今天我們就用億速云在行業(yè)內(nèi)累計的經(jīng)驗來做一個解答。

192.168.1.150   VOIP    虛擬IP
192.168.1.151   CNSHANK01   負(fù)載均衡1
192.168.1.152   CNSHANK02   負(fù)載均衡2
系統(tǒng)：Centos7.4

一、nginx配置（兩臺nginx配置一模一樣，主頁設(shè)置不同）：

1. 安裝：
   yum  -y  install  nginx
2. 配置：
   vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
   user nginx;
   worker_processes auto;
   error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
   pid /run/nginx.pid;
   include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
   events {
   worker_connections 12800;
   use epoll;
   }
   http {

include mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m; #防IP***

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
sendfile            on;
tcp_nopush          on;
tcp_nodelay         on;
keepalive_timeout   65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types; #協(xié)助部分瀏覽器（如firefox）識別網(wǎng)頁文件的類型
default_type        application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

client_body_buffer_size 1k;  #指定客戶端請求主體緩沖區(qū)大小
client_header_buffer_size 1k;  #指定來自客戶端請求頭的headerbuffer大小
large_client_header_buffers 2 1k; #客戶端請求中較大的消息頭指定的緩存最大數(shù)量和大小
server_tokens off;  #禁止在錯誤頁面上顯示nginx版本號
client_body_timeout 20;  #設(shè)置客戶端請求主體讀取超時時間
client_header_timeout 20; #設(shè)置客戶端請求頭讀取超時時間
gzip  on;

upstream dynamic {   #負(fù)載云服務(wù)器名dynamic
ip hash;    #采用ip_hash方式
server 192.168.1.154:80;  
server 192.168.1.155:80;
}
server {
listen       80 default_server;
listen       [::]:80 default_server;
server_name  blog.dollarphp.com;
root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
proxy_pass http://dynamic;  #負(fù)載均衡 代理
limit_conn addr 100;   #指定每個ip最多只允許建立100個連接
limit_rate 500k;         #每個ip最大帶寬是500k
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_404;

    index index.html index.htm;
    autoindex on;
    autoindex_localtime on;
}
location ~* ^.+.(js|css|htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma)$ {
    root html;
}
location ~* ^.+.(?![js|css|htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma])$ {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
    location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
}

}
}

1. 設(shè)置配置主頁測試文件
   cd /usr/share/nginx/html
   cp ./index.html ./index.html.bak
   echo “CNSHANK01-192.168.1.151”>./index.html #在主機(jī)192.1681.151上
   echo “CNSHANK02-192.168.1.152”>./index.html #在主機(jī)192.1681.152上

2. 啟動
   systemctl  start  nginx
   systemctl  enable  nginx

二、keepalived配置：
I、主服務(wù)器配置（192.168.1.151）：

1. 安裝：
   yum  -y  install  keepalived

2. 配置：
   vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
   ! Configuration File for keepalived
   global_defs {
   }
   vrrp_script chk_nginx {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check.sh"
   interval 1
   weight -15
   }
   vrrp_instance VI_1 {  #  實例，一個vip一個實例
   state MASTER    #標(biāo)識為主服務(wù)
   interface ens33
   virtual_router_id 51  #與從機(jī)保持一致即可
   priority 100 #權(quán)重 ，高于從機(jī)
   advert_int 1
   authentication {    # 認(rèn)證授權(quán)，設(shè)置驗證信息，兩個節(jié)點必須一致
   auth_type PASS
   auth_pass 123456
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {  #虛擬ip地址
   192.168.1.150
   }
   track_script { #nginx監(jiān)控服務(wù)
   chk_nginx
   }
   notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
   notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
   notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
   }

3. 添加服務(wù)檢查腳本（check.sh）：
   vim /etc/keepalived/check.sh
   #!/bin/bash
   if [ "pgrep  nginx  |  wc  -l" == "0" ] ; then
   exit 1
   else
   exit 0
   fi

4. 通知腳本（notify.sh）：
   vim /etc/keepalived/notify.sh
   #!/bin/bash
   if [ "$1" == "master" ] ; then
   echo "date '+%F %T'：切換到主機(jī)模式" >> /var/log/keepalived/keepalived.log
   elif [ "$1" == "backup" ] ; then
   /usr/bin/systemctl start nginx
   echo "date '+%F %T'：切換到備機(jī)模式" >> /var/log/keepalived/keepalived.log
   else
   /usr/bin/systemctl start nginx
   echo "date '+%F %T'：宕機(jī)" >> /var/log/keepalived/keepalived.log
   fi

5. 給腳本添加可執(zhí)行權(quán)限：
   chmod  +x  /etc/keepalived/check.sh
   chmod  +x  /etc/keepalived/notify.sh

6. 創(chuàng)建日志目錄：
   mkdir  /var/log/keepalived

7. 啟動：
   systemctl  start  keepalived

II、備服務(wù)器配置（192.168.1.152）：

1. 安裝：
   yum  -y  install  keepalived

2. 配置：
   vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
   ! Configuration File for keepalived
   global_defs {
   }
   vrrp_script chk_nginx {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check.sh"
   interval 1
   weight -15
   }
   vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state BACKUP    #BACKUP模式
   interface ens33
   virtual_router_id 51    #與主機(jī)一致
   priority 99 #比主機(jī)小
   advert_int 1
   authentication {    #與主機(jī)一致
   auth_type PASS
   auth_pass 123456
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
   192.168.1.150
   }
   track_script {
   chk_nginx
   }
   notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
   notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
   notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
   }

3. 添加服務(wù)檢查腳本（check.sh）：
   vim /etc/keepalived/check.sh
   #!/bin/bash
   if [ "pgrep  nginx  |  wc  -l" == "0" ] ; then
   exit 1
   else
   exit 0
   fi
4. 通知腳本（notify.sh）：
   vim /etc/keepalived/notify.sh
   #!/bin/bash
   if [ "$1" == "master" ] ; then
   echo "date '+%F %T'：切換到主機(jī)模式" >> /var/log/keepalived/keepalived.log
   elif [ "$1" == "backup" ] ; then
   /usr/bin/systemctl start nginx
   echo "date '+%F %T'：切換到備機(jī)模式" >> /var/log/keepalived/keepalived.log
   else
   /usr/bin/systemctl start nginx
   echo "date '+%F %T'：宕機(jī)" >> /var/log/keepalived/keepalived.log
   fi
5. 給腳本添加可執(zhí)行權(quán)限：
   chmod  +x  /etc/keepalived/check.sh
   chmod  +x  /etc/keepalived/notify.sh
6. 創(chuàng)建日志目錄：
   mkdir  /var/log/keepalived
7. 啟動：
   systemctl  start  keepalived
   三、測試：
   I、正常狀態(tài)下
   

II、停止主服務(wù)器：192.168.1.151后測試

1. 停止從服務(wù)器nginx服務(wù)，結(jié)果可以看到訪問虛擬IP時候會從主服務(wù)器切到從服務(wù)器
   systemctl  stop  nginx
   
   
   
2. 查看日志：
   tail  /var/log/keepalived/keepalived.log
   主從機(jī)日志都顯示切到備機(jī)模式
   
   

用域名測試
修改本地hosts文件C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件加入
192.168.1.150 www.bbs.com

看了以上關(guān)于負(fù)載均衡Nginx配置流程及步驟介紹，如果大家還有什么地方需要了解的可以在億速云行業(yè)資訊里查找自己感興趣的或者找我們的專業(yè)技術(shù)工程師解答的，億速云技術(shù)工程師在行業(yè)內(nèi)擁有十幾年的經(jīng)驗了。億速云官網(wǎng)鏈接www.kemok4.com