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MySQL MHA高可用群集的原理與配置

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-06-05 18:22:28 來(lái)源:億速云 閱讀:467 作者:Leah 欄目:MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹MySQL MHA高可用群集的原理與配置,文中還介紹了MHA高可用群集的啟動(dòng)方法和查看MHA狀態(tài)的方法,希望大家通過(guò)這篇文章能有所收獲。

MHA高可用架構(gòu)部署配置實(shí)例

一、前言

1.1What‘s MHA?——原理簡(jiǎn)介

MHA——Master High Availability,目前在MySQL高可用方面是一個(gè)相對(duì)成熟的解決方案,是一套優(yōu)秀的MySQL故障切換和主從提升的高可用軟件。

MySQL MHA高可用群集的原理與配置

這里我們提到了兩個(gè)個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):“高可用”,“故障切換“。我們逐一簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下這兩者的含義。

1.1.1何為高可用?

高可用就是可用性強(qiáng),在一定條件下(某個(gè)服務(wù)器出錯(cuò)或宕機(jī))可以保證服務(wù)器可以正常運(yùn)行,在一定程度上不會(huì)影響業(yè)務(wù)的運(yùn)行。

1.1.2故障切換

當(dāng)主服務(wù)器出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí),被manager服務(wù)器監(jiān)控到主庫(kù)mysqld服務(wù)停止后,首先對(duì)主庫(kù)進(jìn)行SSH登錄檢查(save_binary_logs -command=test),然后對(duì)mysqld服務(wù)進(jìn)行健康檢查(PING(SELECT)每個(gè)3秒檢查一次,持續(xù)3次),最后作出Master is down!的判斷,master failover開(kāi)始進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)的處理,具體的過(guò)程可以參考網(wǎng)上的博客,這里給出一個(gè)鏈接:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoboluo768/p/5210820.html 大家可以參考這位朋友的文章,講的非常詳細(xì)。

二、MHA高可用架構(gòu)部署實(shí)例

2.1部署環(huán)境與基礎(chǔ)配置要求

在虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境下,需要四臺(tái)Centos7服務(wù)器(這里我使用的是Centos7,所以使用的mha版本是0.57的)

其中一臺(tái)作為mha服務(wù)器(manager)來(lái)監(jiān)控管理下面的MySQL服務(wù)器;

其余三臺(tái)一主兩從,其中從服務(wù)器中的其中一臺(tái)作為儲(chǔ)備主服務(wù)器,當(dāng)主服務(wù)器宕機(jī)或出錯(cuò)時(shí)提升為主服務(wù)器。(這里就是主從提升了)

主從復(fù)制在上一篇文章中已介紹了MySQL5.7.17版本的配置實(shí)例,MySQL5.6.36的配置原理及思路一致,只不過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)上有些許差別。

首先,分配一下ip,私網(wǎng)下為了做實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證就自己定義就行

MHA服務(wù)器——manager:192.168.68.136

MySQL主服務(wù)器——master:192.168.68.129

MySQL儲(chǔ)備主服務(wù)器(起初是從服務(wù)器)——slave1:192.168.68.132

MySQL從服務(wù)器——slave2:192.168.68.133

相關(guān)軟件包鏈接:

鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1VNdEIYvT1g_xKbrhzYNI-A
提取碼:wmyg

2.2配置流程

2.2.1概述配置流程

安裝編譯環(huán)境——安裝MySQL5.6.36數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)——配置時(shí)間同步(可以參考上篇博客的實(shí)驗(yàn))——配置主從復(fù)制與儲(chǔ)備MySQL服務(wù)器——安裝node工具——配置mha服務(wù)器——測(cè)試驗(yàn)證

2.2.2配置步驟細(xì)解
2.2.2.1首先我們先對(duì)MySQL服務(wù)器進(jìn)行配置——安裝MySQL5.6.36

MySQL服務(wù)器配置如下:

#1.安裝編譯環(huán)境
yum install -y ncurses-devel gcc-c++ perl-Module-Install
#2.安裝gmake編譯環(huán)境
tar zxf cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd /opt/cmake-2.8.6/
./configure
gmake && gmake install

安裝MySQL5.6.36數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

tar zxf mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd /opt/mysql-5.6.36/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
make
make install

相關(guān)優(yōu)化配置

cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf #主配置文件
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql 

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data \
--user=mysql

這邊我們就不做防火墻規(guī)則了,直接進(jìn)行關(guān)閉

systemctl stop firewalld.service
setenforce 0

接著我們分別對(duì)三個(gè)MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行主配置文件配置

1.MySQL主服務(wù)器配置——vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log_bin = master-bin
log-slave-update = true

2.MySQL從服務(wù)器slave1、slave2配置——vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id = 2
#開(kāi)啟二進(jìn)制日志
log_bin = master-bin
#使用中繼日志進(jìn)行同步
relay-log = relay-log-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
[mysqld]
server-id = 3
#開(kāi)啟二進(jìn)制日志
log_bin = master-bin
#使用中繼日志進(jìn)行同步
relay-log = relay-log-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index

3.master、slave1、slave2分別做兩個(gè)軟鏈接

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/

4.啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

5.查看驗(yàn)證端口

[root@master mysql-5.6.36]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      103231/mysqld  
2.2.2.2配置主從復(fù)制

MySQL服務(wù)器上配置——根據(jù)自己的網(wǎng)段設(shè)置

在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)節(jié)點(diǎn)上授權(quán)兩個(gè)用戶(hù),一個(gè)是從庫(kù)同步使用用戶(hù)myslave,另一個(gè)是manager 使用用戶(hù)mha

#進(jìn)入所有的服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),進(jìn)行授權(quán)設(shè)置
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.68.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'192.168.68.%' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#補(bǔ)充由于mha相關(guān)特性避免一些問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生進(jìn)行的配置
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'master' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave1' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave2' identified by 'manager';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意:該步驟在所有MySQL服務(wù)器上都要配置

查看MySQL主服務(wù)器的同步位置并且進(jìn)行記錄

show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 |      120 |              |                  |                   |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL從服務(wù)器上設(shè)置同步

#設(shè)置同步配置命令
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.68.129',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#查看兩個(gè)線程是否為yes

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
...//省略部分內(nèi)容
              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 284
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes     #說(shuō)明同步成功
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 

           Master_SSL_CA_File: 

在主服務(wù)器上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),在從服務(wù)器上驗(yàn)證是否存在同一數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù);

注意?。?!必須設(shè)置兩個(gè)從庫(kù)為只讀模式

mysql> set global read_only=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

以上就是MySQL5.6.36數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的手工編譯安裝與主從復(fù)制的流程,下面我們開(kāi)始進(jìn)行mha的相關(guān)配置

2.2.2.3配置mha

1.所有服務(wù)器上都安裝MHA依賴(lài)的環(huán)境,首先安裝epel源。

yum -y install epel-release --nogpgcheck

yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL \
perl-Config-Tiny \
perl-Log-Dispatch \
perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
perl-CPAN

2.MHA軟件包對(duì)于每個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)版本不一樣,這里是centos7.4必須選擇0.57版本,
在所有服務(wù)器上必須安裝node組件,最后在MHA-manager節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝manager組件,
因?yàn)閙anager依賴(lài)node組件,下面都是在master上操作演示安裝node組件

tar zxf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
cd mha4mysql-node-0.57
perl Makefile.PL
make && make install

3.在MHA-manager上安裝manager組件

tar -zxvf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz
cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57
perl Makefile.PL
make && make install

manager 安裝后在/usr/local/bin 下面會(huì)生成幾個(gè)工具,主要包括以下幾個(gè):
masterha_check_ssh 檢查MHA的SSH的配置狀況
masterha_check_repl 檢查MySQL復(fù)制狀況
masterha_manager 啟動(dòng)manager腳本
masterha_check_status 檢查當(dāng)前MHA運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
masterha_master_monitor 檢測(cè)master是否宕機(jī)
masterha_master_switch 控制故障轉(zhuǎn)移(自動(dòng)或者手動(dòng))
masterha_conf_host 添加或刪除配置的server信息
masterha_stop 關(guān)閉manager

[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.57]# cd /usr/local/bin/
[root@manager bin]# ls
apply_diff_relay_logs     masterha_check_status     mysql                       mysql_embedded             mysql_upgrade
filter_mysqlbinlog        masterha_conf_host        mysqladmin                  mysqlimport                mysqlxtest
innochecksum              masterha_manager          mysqlbinlog                 mysql_install_db           perror
libmysqlclient.a          masterha_master_monitor   mysqlcheck                  mysql_plugin               pkgconfig
libmysqlclient.so         masterha_master_switch    mysql_client_test           mysqlpump                  plugin
libmysqlclient.so.20      masterha_secondary_check  mysql_client_test_embedded  mysql_secure_installation  purge_relay_logs
libmysqlclient.so.20.3.4  masterha_stop             mysql_config                mysqlshow                  replace
libmysqld.a               myisamchk                 mysql_config_editor         mysqlslap                  resolveip
libmysqlservices.a        myisam_ftdump             mysqld                      mysql_ssl_rsa_setup        resolve_stack_dump
lz4_decompress            myisamlog                 mysqld_pre_systemd          mysqltest                  save_binary_logs
masterha_check_repl       myisampack                mysqldump                   mysqltest_embedded         zlib_decompress
masterha_check_ssh        my_print_defaults         mysqldumpslow               mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
[root@manager bin]# 

node安裝后也會(huì)在/usr/local/bin 下面會(huì)生成一下幾個(gè)腳本(這些工具通常由MHA manager
的腳本觸發(fā),無(wú)需人為操作)主要如下:
save_binary_logs 保存和復(fù)制master的二進(jìn)制日志
apply_diff_relay_logs 識(shí)別差異的中繼日志事件并將其差異的事件應(yīng)用于其他的slave
filter_mysqlbinlog 去除不必要的ROLLBACK事件(MHA已不再使用這個(gè)工具)
purge_relay_logs 清除中繼日志(不會(huì)阻塞SQL線程)

[root@slave2 mha4mysql-node-0.57]# cd /usr/local/bin/
[root@slave2 bin]# ls
apply_diff_relay_logs  ccmake  cmake  cpack  ctest  filter_mysqlbinlog  purge_relay_logs  save_binary_logs

4.配置無(wú)密碼認(rèn)證

4.1在 manager 上配置到所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的無(wú)密碼認(rèn)證

[root@manager ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa //一路按回車(chē)鍵
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.129
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.132
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.133

4.2在 Mysql1 上配置到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)節(jié)點(diǎn)Mysql2和Mysql3的無(wú)密碼認(rèn)證

[root@master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.132
[root@master ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.133

4.3在 Mysql2 上配置到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)節(jié)點(diǎn)Mysql1和Mysql3的無(wú)密碼認(rèn)證

[root@slave1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@slave1 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.129
[root@slave1 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.133

4.4在 Mysql3 上配置到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)節(jié)點(diǎn)Mysql1和Mysql2的無(wú)密碼認(rèn)證

[root@slave2 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@slave2 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.129
[root@slave2 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.68.132

5.配置MHA腳本

  1. 在 manager 節(jié)點(diǎn)上復(fù)制相關(guān)腳本到/usr/local/bin 目錄。

    [root@manager ~]# cp -ra /root/mha/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin
    //拷貝后會(huì)有四個(gè)執(zhí)行文件
    [root@managers ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/scripts/
    總用量 32
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 3648 5 月 31 2015 master_ip_failover  #自動(dòng)切換時(shí) VIP 管理的腳本
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 9872 5 月 25 09:07 master_ip_online_change #在線切換時(shí) vip 的管理
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 11867 5 月 31 2015 power_manager #故障發(fā)生后關(guān)閉主機(jī)的腳本
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 1360 5 月 31 2015 send_report #因故障切換后發(fā)送報(bào)警的腳本
  2. 復(fù)制上述的自動(dòng)切換時(shí) VIP 管理的腳本到/usr/local/bin 目錄,這里使用腳本管理 VIP.
[root@manager bin]# cd scripts/
[root@managerscripts]# ls
master_ip_failover  master_ip_online_change  power_manager  send_report
[root@manager scripts]# cp master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin/

修改該配置文件如下:主要是添加內(nèi)容的部分

[root@manager ~]#vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;

my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
#############################添加內(nèi)容部分#########################################
my $vip = '192.168.68.200';
my $brdc = '192.168.68.255';
my $ifdev = 'ens33';
my $key = '1';
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down";
my $exit_code = 0;
#my $ssh_start_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr add $vip/24 brd $brdc dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip;iptables -F;";
#my $ssh_stop_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr del $vip/24 dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key";
##################################################################################
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);

exit &main();

sub main {

print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";

if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {

my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {

my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}

sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}

6.創(chuàng)建 MHA 軟件目錄并拷貝配置文件。

[root@manager scripts]# mkdir /etc/masterha
[root@manager scripts]# cd ~/mha/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.57]# ls
AUTHORS  blib     debian  lib       Makefile.PL  META.yml    README  samples  tests
bin      COPYING  inc     Makefile  MANIFEST     pm_to_blib  rpm     t
[root@manager mha4mysql-manager-0.57]# cd samples/
[root@manager samples]# cd conf/
[root@manager conf]# ls
[root@manager conf]# cp app1.cnf /etc/masterha/
[root@manager conf]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf 

編輯修改app1.cnf

[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log##manager工作目錄
manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1#manager日志
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data#master保存binlog的位置,這里的路徑要與master里配置的binlog的路徑一致,以便mha能找到
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover#設(shè)置自動(dòng)failover時(shí)候的切換腳本,也就是上邊的哪個(gè)腳本
master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change#設(shè)置手動(dòng)切換時(shí)候的切換腳本
password=manager#設(shè)置mysql中root用戶(hù)的密碼,這個(gè)密碼是前文中創(chuàng)建監(jiān)控用戶(hù)的那個(gè)密碼
ping_interval=1#設(shè)置監(jiān)控主庫(kù),發(fā)送ping包的時(shí)間間隔,默認(rèn)是3秒,嘗試三次沒(méi)有回應(yīng)的時(shí)候自動(dòng)進(jìn)行railover
remote_workdir=/tmp#設(shè)置遠(yuǎn)端mysql在發(fā)生切換時(shí)binlog的保存位置
repl_password=123#設(shè)置復(fù)制用戶(hù)的密碼
repl_user=myslave#設(shè)置復(fù)制用戶(hù)的用戶(hù)
secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.68.132 -s 192.168.68.133
shutdown_script=""#設(shè)置故障發(fā)生后關(guān)閉故障主機(jī)腳本(該腳本的主要作用是關(guān)閉主機(jī)放在發(fā)生腦裂,這里沒(méi)有使用)
ssh_user=root#設(shè)置ssh的登錄用戶(hù)名
user=mha#設(shè)置監(jiān)控用戶(hù)root

[server1]
hostname=192.168.68.129
port=3306

[server2]
candidate_master=1#設(shè)置為候選master
check_repl_delay=0
hostname=192.168.68.132
port=3306

[server3]
hostname=192.168.68.133
port=3306
2.2.2.4測(cè)試驗(yàn)證

測(cè)試 ssh 無(wú)密碼認(rèn)證,如果正常最后會(huì)輸出 successfully,如下所示。

[root@manager conf]# masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Tue Jan 14 16:44:58 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Tue Jan 14 16:44:58 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jan 14 16:44:58 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jan 14 16:44:58 2020 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:00 2020 - [debug] 
Tue Jan 14 16:44:58 2020 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:22) to root@192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:22)..
Tue Jan 14 16:44:59 2020 - [debug]   ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:44:59 2020 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:22) to root@192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:22)..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:00 2020 - [debug]   ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:01 2020 - [debug] 
Tue Jan 14 16:44:59 2020 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:22) to root@192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:22)..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:00 2020 - [debug]   ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:00 2020 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:22) to root@192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:22)..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:01 2020 - [debug]   ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:01 2020 - [debug] 
Tue Jan 14 16:44:59 2020 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:22) to root@192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:22)..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:00 2020 - [debug]   ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:00 2020 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:22) to root@192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:22)..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:00 2020 - [debug]   ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:01 2020 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.

健康檢查如下:

[root@manager conf]# masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Tue Jan 14 16:45:21 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:21 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:21 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:21 2020 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.57.
Creating directory /var/log/masterha/app1.. done.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] Dead Servers:
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] Alive Servers:
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]   192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:3306)
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]   192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:3306)
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]   192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:3306)
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]   192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:3306)  Version=5.6.36-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]     Replicating from 192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:3306)
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]     Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]   192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:3306)  Version=5.6.36-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]     Replicating from 192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:3306)
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:3306)
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [warning]  relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:3306).
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [warning]  relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:3306).
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]  binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db= 
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info]  Replication filtering check ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is not supported
Tue Jan 14 16:45:22 2020 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:25 2020 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:25 2020 - [info] Checking MHA Node version..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info]  Version check ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 192.168.68.129 is reachable.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info] Master MHA Node version is 0.57.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info] Checking recovery script configurations on 192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:3306)..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info]   Executing command: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data --output_file=/tmp/save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.57 --start_file=master-bin.000001 
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info]   Connecting to root@192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:22).. 
  Creating /tmp if not exists..    ok.
  Checking output directory is accessible or not..
   ok.
  Binlog found at /usr/local/mysql/data, up to master-bin.000001
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info] Binlog setting check done.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication and checking recovery script configurations on all alive slave servers..
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info]   Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mha' --slave_host=192.168.68.132 --slave_ip=192.168.68.132 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/tmp --target_version=5.6.36-log --manager_version=0.57 --relay_log_info=/usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info  --relay_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/  --slave_pass=xxx
Tue Jan 14 16:45:26 2020 - [info]   Connecting to root@192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:22).. 
  Checking slave recovery environment settings..
    Opening /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info ... ok.
    Relay log found at /usr/local/mysql/data, up to relay-log-bin.000002
    Temporary relay log file is /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log-bin.000002
    Testing mysql connection and privileges..Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
 done.
    Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
    Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Tue Jan 14 16:45:44 2020 - [info]   Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mha' --slave_host=192.168.68.133 --slave_ip=192.168.68.133 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/tmp --target_version=5.6.36-log --manager_version=0.57 --relay_log_info=/usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info  --relay_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/  --slave_pass=xxx
Tue Jan 14 16:45:44 2020 - [info]   Connecting to root@192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:22).. 
  Checking slave recovery environment settings..
    Opening /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log.info ... ok.
    Relay log found at /usr/local/mysql/data, up to relay-log-bin.000002
    Temporary relay log file is /usr/local/mysql/data/relay-log-bin.000002
    Testing mysql connection and privileges..Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
 done.
    Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
    Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info] Slaves settings check done.
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info] 
192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:3306) (current master)
 +--192.168.68.132(192.168.68.132:3306)
 +--192.168.68.133(192.168.68.133:3306)

Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.68.132..
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info]  ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.68.133..
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info]  ok.
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status:
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info]   /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=192.168.68.129 --orig_master_ip=192.168.68.129 --orig_master_port=3306 

IN SCRIPT TEST====/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 down==/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.68.200===

Checking the Status of the script.. OK 
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info]  OK.
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Tue Jan 14 16:46:08 2020 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).

MySQL Replication Health is OK.
2.2.3配置步驟小結(jié)

本實(shí)驗(yàn)涉及的內(nèi)容還是比較多的,配置過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題主要有如下幾點(diǎn):

  • 主從復(fù)制:需要先進(jìn)行服務(wù)器的時(shí)間同步;
  • 秘鑰推送:IP地址要注意是否準(zhǔn)確;
  • MHA的兩個(gè)配置文件的關(guān)鍵之處是否正確;

這些都是最容易出錯(cuò)的地方,大家需要格外注意。

2.2.4啟動(dòng)MHA命令
[root@manager conf]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
[1] 104076

--remove_dead_master_conf 該參數(shù)代表當(dāng)發(fā)生主從切換后,老的主庫(kù)的 ip 將會(huì)從配置文件中移除。

--manger_log 日志存放位置。

--ignore_last_failover 在缺省情況下,如果 MHA 檢測(cè)到連續(xù)發(fā)生宕機(jī),且兩次宕機(jī)間隔不足 8 小時(shí)的話(huà),則不會(huì)進(jìn)行 Failover,之所以這樣限制是為了避免 ping-pong 效應(yīng)。該參數(shù)代表忽略上次 MHA 觸發(fā)切換產(chǎn)生的文件,默認(rèn)情況下,MHA 發(fā)生切換后會(huì)在日志記目錄,也就是上面設(shè)置的日志 app1.failover.complete 文件,下次再次切換的時(shí)候如果發(fā)現(xiàn)該目錄下存在該文件將不允許觸發(fā)切換,除非在第一次切換后收到刪除該文件,為了方便,這里設(shè)置為–ignore_last_failover。

2.2.5查看 MHA 狀態(tài)

可以看到當(dāng)前的master是主服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn),ip地址是192.168.68.129

[root@manager conf]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
app1 (pid:104076) is running(0:PING_OK), master:192.168.68.129
#或者查看日志,也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)主服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)ip地址
[root@manager conf]# tail -2 /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
Tue Jan 14 17:12:48 2020 - [info] Starting ping health check on 192.168.68.129(192.168.68.129:3306)..
Tue Jan 14 17:12:48 2020 - [info] Ping(SELECT) succeeded, waiting until MySQL doesn't respond..
2.2.6驗(yàn)證主服務(wù)器宕機(jī)

當(dāng)然第一次配置需要手動(dòng)配置VIP(virtual ip)

[root@master bin]# /sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.68.200/24
[root@master bin]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.68.129  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.68.255
        inet6 fe80::bdab:b59b:d041:d8b0  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:e6:6d:eb  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 775098  bytes 1083035145 (1.0 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 413307  bytes 31715433 (30.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.68.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.68.255
        ether 00:0c:29:e6:6d:eb  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 20  bytes 1568 (1.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 20  bytes 1568 (1.5 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:43:58:6e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

使用pkill -9 mysql模擬主服務(wù)器宕機(jī)情況查看mysql從服務(wù)器slave1是否獲取vip 地址

[root@slave1 bin]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.68.132  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.68.255
        inet6 fe80::4d95:1de7:d0a5:25c4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:0d:06:80  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 766652  bytes 1074024643 (1.0 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 379004  bytes 29740586 (28.3 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.68.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.68.255
        ether 00:0c:29:0d:06:80  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 146  bytes 12570 (12.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 146  bytes 12570 (12.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:95:86:1a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

我們可以進(jìn)入slave1的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中查看其狀態(tài)

mysql> show slave status\G
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status
    -> ;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 |     1213 |              |                  |                   |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

表明從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)已經(jīng)成功切換為主服務(wù)了。

關(guān)于MySQL MHA高可用群集的原理與配置就分享到這里了,希望以上內(nèi)容可以對(duì)大家有一定的幫助,可以學(xué)到更多知識(shí)。如果覺(jué)得文章不錯(cuò),可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。

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