軟件安裝 設(shè)備識(shí)別

######軟件安裝#####

[abrt-addon-ccpp]-[2.1.11-19].[e17].[x86_64].rpm   ###rpm結(jié)尾的適用于redhat操作系統(tǒng)

       ||             ||      ||     ||       ||

   軟件名稱    軟件版本  軟件適用    64位    后綴

                           的系統(tǒng) 

###1.rpm###

rpm      -i     name.rpm            ###安裝

         -v     name.rpm             ###顯示安裝進(jìn)度

         -h     name.rpm             ###指定加密方式

         -ivh    name.rp              ##安裝

         -e      name                 ##卸載

         -ql      name                ###查詢軟件生成的文件

         -qlp     name.rpm            ##查詢軟件安裝后生成什么文件

         -qa                          ###查詢系統(tǒng)安裝的所有軟件名稱

         -qa |grep   name             ##查詢軟件是否安裝

          -q name                    ##查詢軟件是否安裝

          -qp  name.rpm                   ##查詢軟件安裝包安裝后的名字

          -qf filename                  ##查看filename屬于哪個(gè)安裝包

          -ivh  name.rpm --force         ##強(qiáng)制安裝

          -qi name                       ##查看軟件信息

           -Kv name.rpm                  ###檢測(cè)軟件包是否被篡改

           -qp name.rpm --scripts       ###檢測(cè)軟件在安裝或卸載過(guò)程中執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作

###2.yum###

         上層軟件管理工具，最重要的功能是可以解決軟件的依賴關(guān)系

         yum能夠投入使用的前提是要有yum源，以及配置源的指向文件

yum list all                            ###列出所有安裝包

[root@foundation28 ~]# yum list all    

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Installed Packages

GConf2.x86_64                          3.2.6-8.el7                 @anaconda/7.1

ModemManager.x86_64                    1.1.0-6.git20130913.el7     @anaconda/7.1

ModemManager-glib.x86_64               1.1.0-6.git20130913.el7     @anaconda/7.1

NetworkManager.x86_64                  1:1.0.0-14.git20150121.b4ea599c.el7

                                                                   @anaconda/7.1

NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64             1:1.0.0-14.git20150121.b4ea599c.el7

                                                                   @anaconda/7.1

NetworkManager-config-server.x86_64    1:1.0

yum list    installed                   ###列出已經(jīng)安裝的

[kiosk@foundation28 Desktop]$ yum list installed

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

Installed Packages

GConf2.x86_64                          3.2.6-8.el7                 @anaconda/7.1

ModemManager.x86_64                    1.1.0-6.git20130913.el7     @anaconda/7.1

ModemManager-glib.x86_64               1.1.0-6.git20130913.el7     @anaconda/7.1

NetworkManager.x86_64                  1:1.0.0-14.git20150121.b4ea599c.el7

                                                                   @anaconda/7.1

NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64             1:1.0.0-14.git20150121.b4ea599c.el7

                                                                   @anaconda/7.1

NetworkManager-config-server.x86_64    1:1.0.0-14.git20150121.b4ea599c.el7

                                                                   @anaconda/7.1

NetworkManager-glib.x86_64             1:1.0.0-14.git20150121.b4ea599c.el7

                                                                   @anaconda/7.1

yum list available           ###列出沒(méi)有安裝的

[kiosk@foundation28 Desktop]$ yum list available

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

Available Packages

389-ds-base.x86_64                    1.3.3.1-13.el7                      Server

389-ds-base-libs.x86_64               1.3.3.1-13.el7                      Server

ElectricFence.i686                    2.2.2-39.el7                        Server

ElectricFence.x86_64                  2.2.2-39.el7                        Server

GConf2.i686                           3.2.6-8.el7                         Server

yum remove software            ###卸載軟件

yum install software            ###安裝軟件

yum search 關(guān)鍵字                ###搜索與關(guān)鍵字相關(guān)的軟件

yum whatprovides 文件           ###搜索包含此文件的包

[root@foundation28 ~]# yum whatprovides /yum/ls/

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

No matches found

[root@foundation28 ~]# yum whatprovides /bin/ls/

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

coreutils-8.22-11.el7.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell

                             : scripts

Repo        : @anaconda/7.1

Matched from:

Filename    : /bin/ls/

yum reinstall software           ###從新安裝軟件

yum localinstall 第三方軟件      ###安裝第三方軟件并解決依賴關(guān)系

yum infosoftware                 ###查詢軟件信息

yum groups list                   ###列出軟件組

yum groups install                ###安裝組

yum groups remove                ###卸載組

yum groups info#                 ##查看組信息

###官方軟件倉(cāng)庫(kù)的建立###

server源端

1. 需要一個(gè)與本機(jī)匹配的安裝鏡像，rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso,這個(gè)文件從官方網(wǎng)站下載得到

2.掛載

[kiosk@foundation28 Desktop]$ mount /mnt/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso  /var/www/html/rhel7.1

mount: only root can do that                         ###只有root用戶可以執(zhí)行

[kiosk@foundation28 Desktop]$ su - root              ###切換到root用戶

Password:

Last login: Thu Oct 27 16:32:18 CST 2016 on pts/0

[root@foundation28 ~]# mount /mnt/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso  /var/www/html/rhel7.1     ###掛載到指定文件 

[root@foundation28 ~]# df                                   

Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda9      130808420 32020876  98787544  25% /

devtmpfs         1881932        0   1881932   0% /dev

tmpfs            1891380      488   1890892   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs            1891380     9300   1882080   1% /run

tmpfs            1891380        0   1891380   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda7         198380   111212     87168  57% /boot

/dev/loop0       3798292  3798292         0 100% /var/www/html/rhel7.1                ###說(shuō)明已經(jīng)掛載

3.配置本機(jī)yum源指向

[root@foundation28 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo

4.安裝共享服務(wù)

[root@foundation28 ~]# yum install httpd -y                                 ###安裝服務(wù)

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager   

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Server                                 | 4.1 kB     00:00     

Package httpd-2.4.6-31.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[root@foundation28 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld                        ###關(guān)閉防火墻

[root@foundation28 ~]# systemctl start httpd                            ###開(kāi)啟服務(wù)

[root@foundation28 ~]# systemctl enable httpd                           ###使用服務(wù)

讓系統(tǒng)能夠讀取rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso中的內(nèi)容

vim /etc/fstab

/mnt/rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso  /var/www/html/rhel7.1  iso9660 ro,relatime   0   0

   鏡像文件                              掛在點(diǎn)            類型 掛載參數(shù)        備份  檢測(cè)

mount -a     ##刷新

#############linux中設(shè)備的訪問(wèn)####

1.設(shè)備的識(shí)別

/dev/sda              ###系統(tǒng)中的第一塊串口硬盤

/dev/hda              ###系統(tǒng)中第一快并口硬盤

/dev/hdb               ###系統(tǒng)中第二快并口硬盤

/dev/cdro             ###系統(tǒng)光驅(qū)

/dev/mapper/           xxx###虛擬設(shè)備

2.設(shè)備的使用

mount 設(shè)備 掛載點(diǎn)     ###掛載

mount /dev/sda1/mnt    ###把系統(tǒng)中的第一快硬盤的第一個(gè)分區(qū)掛載到/mnt下

umount 備|掛載點(diǎn)       ###卸載設(shè)備

blkid                  ###顯示所有可用設(shè)備的id信息

df -h(2的n次方) -H（10的n此方）                  ####查看掛載信息

du-h（顯示單位）-s（只統(tǒng)計(jì)目錄本身） file|dir   ####統(tǒng)計(jì)文件大小

3.當(dāng)設(shè)備卸載出現(xiàn)以下問(wèn)題時(shí)

[root@foundation0 ~]# umount /mnt/

umount: /mnt: target is busy.

        (In some cases useful info about processes that use

         the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

用

fuser設(shè)備|掛載點(diǎn)

lsof設(shè)備|掛載點(diǎn)

來(lái)找到占用設(shè)備的進(jìn)程

4.如何在系統(tǒng)中查找文件

find 命令

find 路徑 條件 條件值

find /mnt -name file

find /mnt -name "file*"

find /etc -name "*.conf"

-user##用戶

-group##組

條件1-o條件2##或者

-type##類型

-mmin+|-數(shù)字##時(shí)間

dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/file bs=1024 count=10

dd##數(shù)據(jù)截取

if##數(shù)據(jù)模板

of##數(shù)據(jù)存放文件

bs##數(shù)據(jù)快大小

count##數(shù)據(jù)快個(gè)數(shù)

--size數(shù)字|-數(shù)字|+數(shù)字###查找大小符合條件的文件

--perm444###文件全權(quán)必須時(shí)rrr

--perm-444###文件每一位都要含有r權(quán)限

--perm/444###文件任意一位含有r權(quán)限

-maxdepth 數(shù)字###最深目錄層

-mindepth 數(shù)字###最小目錄層

-exec命令 {}\;###對(duì)查找出的結(jié)果做相應(yīng)處理

########locate#########

locate +條件##在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中查找符合條件的文加

updatedb##更新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

5.鏈接

#######硬鏈接#########

硬鏈接是文件的副本，為了節(jié)省設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)

ln文件鏈接

######軟鏈接############

軟鏈接時(shí)文件的快捷方式，為了節(jié)省設(shè)備存儲(chǔ)快

ln -s  文件 鏈接

ls -i ##查看一個(gè)文件節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)