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訪問控制列表
ACL
ACL可用于接口,也有全局的
接口訪問控制列表只能控制穿越流量(session連接除外)
所有到ASA終結(jié)的流量,被不同的管理訪問列表控制(如:ssh 0 0 DMZ)
ASA發(fā)起的都被允許
ASA配置相同優(yōu)先級(jí)的acl是將原來的擠下去,路由器是直接替換
接口規(guī)則和安全
默認(rèn):outbound(高->低)允許,inbound(低->高)拒絕
接口規(guī)則:input(主要)控制改接口進(jìn)入, output控制出去
enable password cisco //Telnet需要enable密碼 same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface 寫ACL access-list out extended permit tcp any host 192.168.117.100 eq telnet //兩條名為out的acl access-list out extended permit tcp any host 192.168.112.100 eq www access-list out extended deny ip any any log //log deny的數(shù)據(jù)包 調(diào)用ACL access-group out in interface outside //將out acl-list應(yīng)用在outside接口in方向 access-group out out interface outside //將out acl-list應(yīng)用在outside接口out方向 access-group out global //全局調(diào)用 定時(shí)ACL time-range onwork //設(shè)置一個(gè)時(shí)間范圍 periodic weekdays 9:00 to 19:15 access-list out line 1 extended permit tcp host 192.168.116.100 host 192.168.117.100 eq telnet time-range onwork //acl在時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)生效
Objet-Group
可將網(wǎng)段協(xié)議端口做成一個(gè)集合以供調(diào)用,并且可以嵌套調(diào)用
ASA(config)# object-group ? configure mode commands/options: icmp-type Specifies a group of ICMP types, such as echo network Specifies a group of host or subnet IP addresses //IP或網(wǎng)段 protocol Specifies a group of protocols, such as TCP, etc //協(xié)議 security Specifies identity attributes such as security-group service Specifies a group of TCP/UDP ports/services //協(xié)議加端口號(hào) user Specifies single user, local or import user group 例: object network Inside-Server1 //object只能裝一個(gè),object-group可以裝多個(gè) host 10.1.1.1 object network Inside-Server2 host 10.1.1.2 object-group network Inside-Server //并支持嵌套 network-object object Inside-Server1 network-object object Inside-Server2 object-group service test1 tcp-udp //服務(wù)組 port-object eq 21 port-object eq 22 實(shí)例: access-list Outside_access_in extended permit object-group InsideService 202.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 object-group Inside-Server //替換ACL對應(yīng)位置即可
URPF
ASA可以使用URPF技術(shù)抵御IP地址欺騙
1.ASA使用路由表確認(rèn)源地址(嚴(yán)格uRPF)
2.僅僅檢查流中的第一個(gè)包(可以狀態(tài)化處理的協(xié)議)
3.uRPF默認(rèn)是禁用的
ip verify reverse-path interface Outside
shunn
ASA可以使用shunning技術(shù)丟棄源自于一個(gè)特性主機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)包
Shunning配置規(guī)則:
手動(dòng)配置,或者被IPS動(dòng)態(tài)配置
覆蓋所有的接口訪問規(guī)則
重啟之后就消失
用于對某個(gè)事件緊急響應(yīng)時(shí)使用
ASA(config)# shun 192.168.12.1 Shun 192.168.12.1 added in context: single_vf Shun 192.168.12.1 successful ASA(config)# show shun shun (DMZ) 192.168.12.1 0.0.0.0 0 0 0 ASA(config)# show shun statistics mgmt=OFF, cnt=0 inside=OFF, cnt=0 outside=OFF, cnt=0 DMZ=ON, cnt=0 Shun 192.168.12.1 cnt=0, time=(0:00:30) ASA(config)# clear shun
基于用戶策略( CUT‐Through Proxy)
當(dāng)一個(gè)用戶第一次訪問一個(gè)需要被認(rèn)證的資源時(shí), Cisco ASA會(huì)要求這個(gè)用戶提供用戶名和密碼。
一個(gè)用戶為所有的認(rèn)證規(guī)則,只需要認(rèn)證一次,因?yàn)锳SA緩存用戶的源IP地址。(注:由于是根據(jù)ip確定一個(gè)用戶,故在多個(gè)用戶共享一個(gè)IP地址( PAT,代理),不建議部署基于用戶的策略,后果一個(gè)用戶認(rèn)證通過,這ip下的其他用戶全部通過)
用戶必須使用HTTP, HTTPS, FTP或者TELNET去訪問資源以觸發(fā)認(rèn)證。
注:只有HTTP, HTTPS, FTP或者TELNET才會(huì)觸發(fā),一些非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不會(huì)直接認(rèn)證
解決ASA對Telnet的直接認(rèn)證上述不安全問題
思路:與虛擬HTTP一樣
設(shè)置一組ACL:把Telnet 3088 和Telnet虛擬ip的寫到一塊
認(rèn)證匹配該ACL組的流量
Outside(config)#line vty 0 4 Outside(config-line)#rotary 88 //Telnet開啟3088端口 ASA(config)# access-list in_telnet_out extended permit tcp any any eq 3088 //這句相當(dāng)于把virtual Telnet 和Telnet outside 3088綁定到一塊了 //實(shí)際上只要這組ACL觸發(fā)了認(rèn)證并且通過,該ACL組都會(huì)對認(rèn)證的ip生效 ASA(config)# aaa authentication match in_telnet_out inside 3ara Inside#telnet 192.168.16.100 3088 Trying 192.168.16.100, 3088 ... Open Error: Must authenticate before using this service. [Connection to 192.168.16.100 closed by foreign host] Inside# Inside#telnet 192.168.17.110 //先去認(rèn)證 只有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的HTTP, HTTPS, FTP或者TELNET才能正常認(rèn)證 Trying 192.168.17.110 ... Open LOGIN Authentication Authen by ECIT Username: test1 Password: Welcome to ECIT Authentication Successful [Connection to 192.168.17.110 closed by foreign host] Inside# Inside#telnet 192.168.16.100 3088 //再去訪問ACL中允許的流量 Trying 192.168.16.100, 3088 ... Open Outside>
用戶被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)通過了認(rèn)證,直到他們注銷,或者認(rèn)證緩存信息超時(shí)。
注意:http在認(rèn)證時(shí)賬號(hào)密碼是直接通過get包純明文直接發(fā)過去的,很不安全,且PAT不合適
ASA(config)# aaa-server 3ara protocol radius //協(xié)議 ASA(config-aaa-server-group)# exit ASA(config)# aaa-server 3ara (DMZ) host 192.168.12.200 cisco //radius的IP和key ASA(config-aaa-server-host)# exit ASA(config)# test aaa-server authentication 3ara //測試用戶 ASA(config)# access-list autel permit tcp any any eq telnet //設(shè)置ACL ASA(config)# aaa authentication match autel inside 3ara //在inside口匹配該ACL的 啟用AAA認(rèn)證 ASA(config)# timeout uauth 1:00:00 absolute //絕對超時(shí)時(shí)間 ASA(config)# timeout uauth 0:10:00 inactivity //閑置超時(shí)時(shí)間 Inside#telnet 192.168.112.100 Trying 192.168.112.100 ... Open Username: test1 Password: User Access Verification Password: DMZ#exit 提示消息 ASA(config)# auth-prompt prompt Authen by ECIT ASA(config)# auth-prompt accept Welcome to ECIT ASA(config)# auth-prompt reject Deny by ECIT Inside#telnet 192.168.112.100 Trying 192.168.112.100 ... Open Authen by ECIT Username: test1 Password: Welcome to ECIT User Access Verification Password: //這是DMZ的vty密碼 DMZ#
解決ASA對HTTP的直接認(rèn)證上述不安全問題
HTTP重定向
虛擬HTTP
Secure HTTP
HTTP重定向
ASA(config)# aaa authentication listener http DMZ port http redirect
Secure HTTP
ASA(config)# aaa authentication secure-http-client //不能和上面一起用 //與HTTP重定向幾乎一樣,只是在①那一段是加密的
虛擬HTTP
//原理幾乎一樣,只是在①那一段被重定向到ASA的一個(gè)虛擬接口上,當(dāng)然這個(gè)虛擬接口在策略上可達(dá) ASA(config)#virtual http 202.100.1.101 warning 這個(gè)地址一般設(shè)為ASA接口所在網(wǎng)段的一個(gè)地址
授權(quán)
Download ACL 優(yōu)先于接口和全局ACL
ASA(config)#virtual telnet 192.168.17.110 ASA(config)#access-list in extended permit tcp any host 192.168.17.110 eq telnet ASA(config)#aaa authentication match in inside 3ara ASA(config)# access-group in in interface inside per-user-override //per-user-override表示將dacl覆蓋該接口的acl,切記要敲,否則dacl不生效
注:切記要用IE,什么谷歌,火狐,歐朋都有問題,這個(gè)破ACS,心好累
審計(jì)
ASA(config)# access-list actelnet permit tcp any any eq telnet ASA(config)# aaa accounting match actelnet inside 3ara
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