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wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-10-19 16:46:01 來(lái)源：億速云 閱讀：153 作者：小新 欄目：編程語(yǔ)言

這篇文章主要介紹wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能，文中介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完！

WCF本質(zhì)上提供一個(gè)跨進(jìn)程、跨機(jī)器以致跨網(wǎng)絡(luò)的服務(wù)調(diào)用 ，本示例中 主要實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算器的功能，大部分的函數(shù)來(lái)源于網(wǎng)上別人的帖子，這叫站在巨人的肩膀上，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，但是為了加深自己的對(duì)wcf的理解，因此決定自己在寫個(gè)類似的demo，把寫demo中遇到的問(wèn)題展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，我相信對(duì)于初識(shí)wcf的程序員了來(lái)說(shuō)，也會(huì)遇到各種問(wèn)題。好了步入正題。

WCF 分為四個(gè)部分 1、契約（Interface）2、服務(wù)契約（Service）3、WCF 宿主程序（控制臺(tái)或者IIS） 4、客戶端（Client）

本人在寫wcf的時(shí)候喜歡將四個(gè)部分分別拆分成不同的類庫(kù)來(lái)管理。

1、契約

契約是對(duì)外開(kāi)放的接口，暴露給客戶端的函數(shù)名稱首先，新建一個(gè)wcf服務(wù)庫(kù)，名稱為Interface，如圖所示：

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

刪掉程序中默認(rèn)的文件（App.config，IService1.cs，Service1.cs），新建ICalculator

namespace Interface
{
    [ServiceContract(Name = "CalculatorService", Namespace = "")]public interface ICalculator
    {
        [OperationContract]double Add(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]double Subtract(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]double Multiply(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]double Divide(double x, double y);

    }
}

2、新建服務(wù)契約，其實(shí)就是實(shí)現(xiàn)契約的類 ，添加"新建項(xiàng)目"->WCF->"WCF服務(wù)庫(kù)" （如 第一步新建契約是一樣的步驟），類庫(kù)的名稱為Service，

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

新建成功后，刪除默認(rèn)文件（App.config，IService1.cs，Service1.cs）,添加引用"Interface" 類庫(kù)，新建CalculatorService 并實(shí)現(xiàn)ICalculator

namespace Service
{
    [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {public double Add(double x, double y)
        {return x + y;
        }public double Subtract(double x, double y)
        {return x - y;
        }public double Multiply(double x, double y)
        {return x * y;
        }public double Divide(double x, double y)
        {return x / y;
        }
    }

3、新建WCF宿主程序，WCF的契約和服務(wù)契約都已經(jīng)建完，但是還需要一個(gè)程序來(lái)承載這些接口供外部程序調(diào)用，因此稱之為宿主程序，宿主程序可以部署在IIS上，也可以用控制臺(tái)程序運(yùn)行方便調(diào)試，下面我就介紹用控制臺(tái)程序作為宿主程序。在解決方案的名稱右鍵添加"控制臺(tái)程序" 名稱為Hosting ，添加對(duì)Interface和Service的引用

實(shí)現(xiàn)wcf對(duì)外開(kāi)放有兩種方式，一種方式是配置文件，將所有的WCF信息都寫到配置文件中

第一種：WCF的相關(guān)信息寫到配置文件（App.config）中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1"/>
  </startup>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <service name="Service.CalculatorService" behaviorConfiguration="WCFService.WCFServiceBehavior">
        <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:8888/CalculatorService" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator">          
        </endpoint>
        <endpoint address="net.tcp://127.0.0.1:9999/CalculatorService"  binding="netTcpBinding"  contract="Service.Interface.ICalculator">
        </endpoint>
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexTcpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:8888/"/>
            <add baseAddress="net.tcp://127.0.0.1:9999/"/>
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="WCFService.WCFServiceBehavior">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

Main方法的主要代碼如下，

    public class Program
    {internal static ServiceHost host = null;static void Main(string[] args)
        {using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService)))
            {

                host.Opened += delegate{
                    Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)，按任意鍵終止服務(wù)！");
                };
                host.Open();
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
    }

運(yùn)行控制臺(tái)程序，如下圖所示：

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

第二種：寫一個(gè)WCFHelper類，添加幫助類的時(shí)候，一定引用System.Runtime.Serialization ，并且刪掉App.config 對(duì)wcf的配置，否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)代碼如下：

 public static class WCFHelper
    {public static string IP { get; set; }public static int Port { get; set; }static WCFHelper()
        {try{
                IP = System.Environment.MachineName;// ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServiceIP"];//                Port = int.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServicePort"]);
            }catch{

            }

            EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.Http, "http://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");
            EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetTcp, "net.tcp://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetMsmq, "net.msmq://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");//EndpointAddress.Add(BindingProtocol.NetPipe, "net.pipe://{0}:{1}/" + schema + "/{2}");try{
                httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();
                httpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;
                httpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;
                httpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
                httpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
                httpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
                httpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);

                httpBinding.Security.Mode = BasicHttpSecurityMode.None;

                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;
                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;
                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 16384;
                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;
                httpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;
            }catch{
                httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding();
            }try{
                tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();
                tcpBinding.CloseTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
                tcpBinding.OpenTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
                tcpBinding.ReceiveTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
                tcpBinding.SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 1, 0);
                tcpBinding.TransactionFlow = false;
                tcpBinding.TransferMode = TransferMode.Buffered;
                tcpBinding.TransactionProtocol = TransactionProtocol.OleTransactions;
                tcpBinding.HostNameComparisonMode = HostNameComparisonMode.StrongWildcard;
                tcpBinding.ListenBacklog = 100000;
                tcpBinding.MaxBufferPoolSize = 524288;
                tcpBinding.MaxBufferSize = 200065536;
                tcpBinding.MaxConnections = 2000;
                tcpBinding.MaxReceivedMessageSize = 200065536;
                tcpBinding.PortSharingEnabled = true;

                tcpBinding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.None;

                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxDepth = 64;
                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxStringContentLength = 2147483647;
                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxArrayLength = 163840000;
                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxBytesPerRead = 4096;
                tcpBinding.ReaderQuotas.MaxNameTableCharCount = 16384;

                tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Ordered = true;
                tcpBinding.ReliableSession.InactivityTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 10, 0);
                tcpBinding.ReliableSession.Enabled = false;
            }catch{
                tcpBinding = new NetTcpBinding();
            }
        }private static BasicHttpBinding httpBinding;public static BasicHttpBinding HttpBinding
        {get{return httpBinding;
            }
        }private static NetTcpBinding tcpBinding;public static NetTcpBinding TcpBinding
        {get{return tcpBinding;
            }
        }public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];
            address = string.Format(address, ip, port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);
        }public static EndpointAddress GetEndpointAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];
            address = string.Format(address, IP, Port, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new EndpointAddress(address);
        }public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string ip, int port, string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];

            address = string.Format(address, ip, port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);
        }public static Uri GetBaseAddress(string serviceSchema, string serviceName, BindingProtocol protocol)
        {string address = EndpointAddress[protocol];

            address = string.Format(address, IP, Port + 1, serviceSchema, serviceName);return new Uri(address);
        }private readonly static Dictionary<BindingProtocol, string> EndpointAddress = new Dictionary<BindingProtocol, string>();public enum BindingProtocol
        {
            Http = 1,
            NetTcp = 2,//NetPipe = 3,//NetMsmq = 4        }
    }

將 宿主程序中的main方法改成如下：

    static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            WCFHelper.IP = "127.0.0.10";
            WCFHelper.Port = 9999;

            Uri httpUri = WCFHelper.GetBaseAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "Inspect", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.Http);using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), httpUri))
            {
                host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), WCFHelper.TcpBinding, WCFHelper.GetEndpointAddress(WCFHelper.IP, WCFHelper.Port, "Calculator", "InspectService", WCFHelper.BindingProtocol.NetTcp).Uri.AbsoluteUri);
                ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();#if DEBUGbehavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;#elsebehavior.HttpGetEnabled = false;#endifhost.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
                host.Opened += delegate{
                    Console.WriteLine("CalculaorService已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)，按任意鍵終止服務(wù)！");
                };
                host.Open();

                Console.ReadLine();
            }
}

4、宿主程序建完了，WCF的所有鍥約已經(jīng)對(duì)外可以訪問(wèn)了，那現(xiàn)在需要建立Client 去調(diào)用wcf程序了 ，

首先，編譯宿主程序Host，找到bin/debug/ Host.exe 右鍵管理員打開(kāi)，如果如下圖證明服務(wù)已經(jīng)于寧

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

其次，在解決方案名稱->右鍵添加Winform程序 新建WinForm 程序,添加"服務(wù)引用"

添加服務(wù)引用 （此引用方式，是以"3、添加宿主程序" ->"第二種 WCF幫助類的方式"）

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

點(diǎn)擊“轉(zhuǎn)到” 系統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)WCF服務(wù)，如下圖所示：

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

點(diǎn)擊確定，就成功的將wcf的引用了，下面開(kāi)始調(diào)用WCF的程序了，例如調(diào)用Add方法，代碼如下：

 ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient client = new ServiceReference1.CalculatorServiceClient();
            textBox3.Text = client.Add(double.Parse(textBox1.Text), double.Parse(textBox2.Text)).ToString();

到此為止，wcf程序已經(jīng)完成的跑通了，記得 調(diào)試的時(shí)候已經(jīng)把宿主程序和client程序同時(shí)運(yùn)行。

如果閑麻煩，vs 支持同時(shí)啟動(dòng)多個(gè)項(xiàng)目，可以同時(shí)把client 和host同時(shí)啟動(dòng)

wcf如何實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算器功能

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