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小編給大家分享一下DOM解析XML的示例，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后都有所收獲，下面讓我們一起去探討吧！
基于XML文件實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的控制臺(tái)程序，可以查看學(xué)生成績(jī)，添加學(xué)生，刪除學(xué)生等。
xml文件保存在src/com/dom/exercise文件夾下，它的格式如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?><students> <student sid="001"> <name>小明</name> <course> <java>90</java> <oracle>90</oracle> <vb>93</vb> </course> </student> <student sid="002"> <name>小李</name> <course> <java>78</java> <oracle>86</oracle> <vb>98</vb> </course> </student> <student sid="003"> <name>小王</name> <course> <java>89</java> <oracle>83</oracle> <vb>95</vb> </course> </student></students>
這個(gè)可以說(shuō)是最簡(jiǎn)單的程序了，稍微復(fù)雜的一點(diǎn)是它要基于XML文件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以這里肯定要使用DOM解析，SAX不能用是因?yàn)镾AX解析只能讀取XML文件而不能更新。
1.首先編寫(xiě)StudentBean，如下：
package com.dom.exercise;public class Student {
private String id = null;
private String name = null;
private int score_java;
private int score_oracle;
private int score_vb;
public Student() {
} public Student(String id, String name, int score_java, int score_oracle,
int score_vb) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.score_java = score_java;
this.score_oracle = score_oracle;
this.score_vb = score_vb;
} public String getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public int getScore_java() {
return score_java;
} public void setScore_java(int score_java) {
this.score_java = score_java;
} public int getScore_oracle() {
return score_oracle;
} public void setScore_oracle(int score_oracle) {
this.score_oracle = score_oracle;
} public int getScore_vb() {
return score_vb;
} public void setScore_vb(int score_vb) {
this.score_vb = score_vb;
}
}2.編寫(xiě)最關(guān)鍵的StudentService類(lèi)，它對(duì)XML文檔進(jìn)行各種操作
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
public class StudentService {
private static Document document = null;
private static String path = "src/com/dom/exercise/student.xml";
static{
try{
DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
document = documentBuilder.parse(path);
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("初始化失敗...");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* 獲取所有學(xué)生信息
* @return
*/
public static ArrayList<Student> readAll(){
ArrayList<Student> array = new ArrayList<Student>();
NodeList students = document.getElementsByTagName("student");
for (int i = 0; i < students.getLength(); i++) {
Element node_student = (Element)students.item(i);
String id = node_student.getAttribute("sid");
Node node_name = node_student.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0);
String name = node_name.getTextContent();
Element node_course = (Element)node_student.getElementsByTagName("course").item(0);
Node course_java = node_course.getElementsByTagName("java").item(0);
Node course_oracle = node_course.getElementsByTagName("oracle").item(0);
Node course_vb = node_course.getElementsByTagName("vb").item(0);
int score_java = Integer.parseInt(course_java.getTextContent());
int score_oracle = Integer.parseInt(course_oracle.getTextContent());
int score_vb = Integer.parseInt(course_vb.getTextContent());
Student student = new Student(id, name, score_java, score_oracle, score_vb);
array.add(student);
} return array;
} /**
* 根據(jù)ID獲取一個(gè)學(xué)生的信息
* @param sid
* @return
*/
public static Student getStudentById(String sid){
NodeList students = document.getElementsByTagName("student");
for (int i = 0; i < students.getLength(); i++) {
Element node_student = (Element)students.item(i);
String id = node_student.getAttribute("sid");
if(!id.equals(sid)){
continue;
}
Node node_name = node_student.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0);
String name = node_name.getTextContent();
Element node_course = (Element)node_student.getElementsByTagName("course").item(0);
Node course_java = node_course.getElementsByTagName("java").item(0);
Node course_oracle = node_course.getElementsByTagName("oracle").item(0);
Node course_vb = node_course.getElementsByTagName("vb").item(0);
int score_java = Integer.parseInt(course_java.getTextContent());
int score_oracle = Integer.parseInt(course_oracle.getTextContent());
int score_vb = Integer.parseInt(course_vb.getTextContent());
Student student = new Student(id, name, score_java, score_oracle, score_vb);
return student;
} return null;
} /**
* 添加學(xué)生
* @param student
*/
public static void addStudent(Student student){
Element stu = document.createElement("student");
stu.setAttribute("sid", student.getId());
Element name = document.createElement("name");
name.setTextContent(student.getName());
Element course = document.createElement("course");
Element score_java = document.createElement("java");
Element score_oracle = document.createElement("oracle");
Element score_vb = document.createElement("vb");
score_java.setTextContent(String.valueOf(student.getScore_java()));
score_oracle.setTextContent(String.valueOf(student.getScore_oracle()));
score_vb.setTextContent(String.valueOf(student.getScore_vb()));
course.appendChild(score_java);
course.appendChild(score_oracle);
course.appendChild(score_vb);
stu.appendChild(name);
stu.appendChild(course);
document.getDocumentElement().appendChild(stu);
update(document, path);
} /**
* 根據(jù)ID刪除一個(gè)學(xué)生
* @param sid
*/
public static void deleteStudentById(String sid){
NodeList students = document.getElementsByTagName("student");
for (int i = 0; i < students.getLength(); i++) {
Element student = (Element)students.item(i);
if(student.getAttribute("sid").equals(sid)){
student.getParentNode().removeChild(student);
}
}
update(document,path);
} /**
* 更新到文件
* @param document
* @param path
*/
public static void update(Document document,String path){ try{
TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File(path)));
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}3.編寫(xiě)主測(cè)試程序
實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)易界面：
package com.dom.exercise;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean flag = true;
while(flag){
// 顯示操作界面
System.console();
System.out.println("*********************操作界面*********************");
System.out.println("\t\t1.查詢所有學(xué)生的成績(jī)");
System.out.println("\t\t2.按照ID查詢學(xué)生成績(jī) ");
System.out.println("\t\t3.添加一個(gè)學(xué)生");
System.out.println("\t\t4.按照ID刪除一個(gè)學(xué)生");
System.out.println("\t\t0.退出系統(tǒng)");
System.out.println("************************************************");
// 獲取用戶的操作
String operate = scanner.next();
if ("1".equals(operate)) {
ArrayList<Student> students = StudentService.readAll();
System.out.println("所有的學(xué)生信息如下：");
System.out.println("Name\tID\tJava\tOracle\tVB");
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.println(student.getName() + "\t" + student.getId()
+ "\t" + student.getScore_java() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_oracle() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_vb());
}
}else if("2".equals(operate)){
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要查詢的學(xué)生ID：");
String sid = scanner.next();
Student student = StudentService.getStudentById(sid);
System.out.println("學(xué)號(hào)為"+sid+"的學(xué)生的信息如下：");
System.out.println("Name\tID\tJava\tOracle\tVB");
System.out.println(student.getName() + "\t" + student.getId()
+ "\t" + student.getScore_java() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_oracle() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_vb());
}else if("3".equals(operate)){
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生ID：");
String sid = scanner.next();
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生姓名：");
String name = scanner.next();
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生Java成績(jī)：");
int score_java = Integer.parseInt(scanner.next());
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生Oracle成績(jī)：");
int score_oracle = Integer.parseInt(scanner.next());
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生VB成績(jī)：");
int score_vb = Integer.parseInt(scanner.next());
Student student = new Student(sid, name, score_java, score_oracle, score_vb);
StudentService.addStudent(student);
System.out.println("添加成功！");
}else if("4".equals(operate)){
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要?jiǎng)h除的學(xué)生的ID：");
String sid = scanner.next();
StudentService.deleteStudentById(sid);
System.out.println("刪除成功！");
}
System.out.println("是否繼續(xù)？(Y/N)");
flag = scanner.next().trim().toLowerCase().equals("y")?true:false;
}
scanner.close();
}
}4.運(yùn)行結(jié)果 
問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵仍是DOM解析XML，對(duì)XML進(jìn)行crud操作。
【題目】：基于XML文件實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的控制臺(tái)程序，可以查看學(xué)生成績(jī)，添加學(xué)生，刪除學(xué)生等。
xml文件保存在src/com/dom/exercise文件夾下，它的格式如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?><students> <student sid="001"> <name>小明</name> <course> <java>90</java> <oracle>90</oracle> <vb>93</vb> </course> </student> <student sid="002"> <name>小李</name> <course> <java>78</java> <oracle>86</oracle> <vb>98</vb> </course> </student> <student sid="003"> <name>小王</name> <course> <java>89</java> <oracle>83</oracle> <vb>95</vb> </course> </student></students>
這個(gè)可以說(shuō)是最簡(jiǎn)單的程序了，稍微復(fù)雜的一點(diǎn)是它要基于XML文件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以這里肯定要使用DOM解析，SAX不能用是因?yàn)镾AX解析只能讀取XML文件而不能更新。
1.首先編寫(xiě)StudentBean，如下：
package com.dom.exercise;public class Student {
private String id = null;
private String name = null;
private int score_java;
private int score_oracle;
private int score_vb;
public Student() {
} public Student(String id, String name, int score_java, int score_oracle,
int score_vb) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.score_java = score_java;
this.score_oracle = score_oracle;
this.score_vb = score_vb;
} public String getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public int getScore_java() {
return score_java;
} public void setScore_java(int score_java) {
this.score_java = score_java;
} public int getScore_oracle() {
return score_oracle;
} public void setScore_oracle(int score_oracle) {
this.score_oracle = score_oracle;
} public int getScore_vb() {
return score_vb;
} public void setScore_vb(int score_vb) {
this.score_vb = score_vb;
}
}2.編寫(xiě)最關(guān)鍵的StudentService類(lèi)，它對(duì)XML文檔進(jìn)行各種操作
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
public class StudentService {
private static Document document = null;
private static String path = "src/com/dom/exercise/student.xml";
static{
try{
DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
document = documentBuilder.parse(path);
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("初始化失敗...");
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* 獲取所有學(xué)生信息
* @return
*/
public static ArrayList<Student> readAll(){
ArrayList<Student> array = new ArrayList<Student>();
NodeList students = document.getElementsByTagName("student");
for (int i = 0; i < students.getLength(); i++) {
Element node_student = (Element)students.item(i);
String id = node_student.getAttribute("sid");
Node node_name = node_student.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0);
String name = node_name.getTextContent();
Element node_course = (Element)node_student.getElementsByTagName("course").item(0);
Node course_java = node_course.getElementsByTagName("java").item(0);
Node course_oracle = node_course.getElementsByTagName("oracle").item(0);
Node course_vb = node_course.getElementsByTagName("vb").item(0);
int score_java = Integer.parseInt(course_java.getTextContent());
int score_oracle = Integer.parseInt(course_oracle.getTextContent());
int score_vb = Integer.parseInt(course_vb.getTextContent());
Student student = new Student(id, name, score_java, score_oracle, score_vb);
array.add(student);
} return array;
} /**
* 根據(jù)ID獲取一個(gè)學(xué)生的信息
* @param sid
* @return
*/
public static Student getStudentById(String sid){
NodeList students = document.getElementsByTagName("student");
for (int i = 0; i < students.getLength(); i++) {
Element node_student = (Element)students.item(i);
String id = node_student.getAttribute("sid");
if(!id.equals(sid)){
continue;
}
Node node_name = node_student.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0);
String name = node_name.getTextContent();
Element node_course = (Element)node_student.getElementsByTagName("course").item(0);
Node course_java = node_course.getElementsByTagName("java").item(0);
Node course_oracle = node_course.getElementsByTagName("oracle").item(0);
Node course_vb = node_course.getElementsByTagName("vb").item(0);
int score_java = Integer.parseInt(course_java.getTextContent());
int score_oracle = Integer.parseInt(course_oracle.getTextContent());
int score_vb = Integer.parseInt(course_vb.getTextContent());
Student student = new Student(id, name, score_java, score_oracle, score_vb);
return student;
} return null;
} /**
* 添加學(xué)生
* @param student
*/
public static void addStudent(Student student){
Element stu = document.createElement("student");
stu.setAttribute("sid", student.getId());
Element name = document.createElement("name");
name.setTextContent(student.getName());
Element course = document.createElement("course");
Element score_java = document.createElement("java");
Element score_oracle = document.createElement("oracle");
Element score_vb = document.createElement("vb");
score_java.setTextContent(String.valueOf(student.getScore_java()));
score_oracle.setTextContent(String.valueOf(student.getScore_oracle()));
score_vb.setTextContent(String.valueOf(student.getScore_vb()));
course.appendChild(score_java);
course.appendChild(score_oracle);
course.appendChild(score_vb);
stu.appendChild(name);
stu.appendChild(course);
document.getDocumentElement().appendChild(stu);
update(document, path);
} /**
* 根據(jù)ID刪除一個(gè)學(xué)生
* @param sid
*/
public static void deleteStudentById(String sid){
NodeList students = document.getElementsByTagName("student");
for (int i = 0; i < students.getLength(); i++) {
Element student = (Element)students.item(i);
if(student.getAttribute("sid").equals(sid)){
student.getParentNode().removeChild(student);
}
}
update(document,path);
} /**
* 更新到文件
* @param document
* @param path
*/
public static void update(Document document,String path){
try{
TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File(path)));
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}3.編寫(xiě)主測(cè)試程序
實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)易界面：
package com.dom.exercise;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean flag = true;
while(flag){
// 顯示操作界面
System.console();
System.out.println("*********************操作界面*********************");
System.out.println("\t\t1.查詢所有學(xué)生的成績(jī)");
System.out.println("\t\t2.按照ID查詢學(xué)生成績(jī) ");
System.out.println("\t\t3.添加一個(gè)學(xué)生");
System.out.println("\t\t4.按照ID刪除一個(gè)學(xué)生");
System.out.println("\t\t0.退出系統(tǒng)");
System.out.println("************************************************");
// 獲取用戶的操作
String operate = scanner.next();
if ("1".equals(operate)) {
ArrayList<Student> students = StudentService.readAll();
System.out.println("所有的學(xué)生信息如下：");
System.out.println("Name\tID\tJava\tOracle\tVB");
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.println(student.getName() + "\t" + student.getId()
+ "\t" + student.getScore_java() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_oracle() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_vb());
}
}else if("2".equals(operate)){
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要查詢的學(xué)生ID：");
String sid = scanner.next();
Student student = StudentService.getStudentById(sid);
System.out.println("學(xué)號(hào)為"+sid+"的學(xué)生的信息如下：");
System.out.println("Name\tID\tJava\tOracle\tVB");
System.out.println(student.getName() + "\t" + student.getId()
+ "\t" + student.getScore_java() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_oracle() + "\t"
+ student.getScore_vb());
}else if("3".equals(operate)){
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生ID：");
String sid = scanner.next();
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生姓名：");
String name = scanner.next();
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生Java成績(jī)：");
int score_java = Integer.parseInt(scanner.next());
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生Oracle成績(jī)：");
int score_oracle = Integer.parseInt(scanner.next());
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要添加的學(xué)生VB成績(jī)：");
int score_vb = Integer.parseInt(scanner.next());
Student student = new Student(sid, name, score_java, score_oracle, score_vb);
StudentService.addStudent(student);
System.out.println("添加成功！");
}else if("4".equals(operate)){
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入要?jiǎng)h除的學(xué)生的ID：");
String sid = scanner.next();
StudentService.deleteStudentById(sid);
System.out.println("刪除成功！");
}
System.out.println("是否繼續(xù)？(Y/N)");
flag = scanner.next().trim().toLowerCase().equals("y")?true:false;
}
scanner.close();
}
}4.運(yùn)行結(jié)果
看完了這篇文章，相信你對(duì)“DOM解析XML的示例”有了一定的了解，如果想了解更多相關(guān)知識(shí)，歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道，感謝各位的閱讀！
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