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這篇文章主要介紹“XMLBean怎么讀寫XML”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在XMLBean怎么讀寫XML問題上存在疑惑，小編查閱了各式資料，整理出簡單好用的操作方法，希望對大家解答”XMLBean怎么讀寫XML”的疑惑有所幫助！接下來，請跟著小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧！
一、關(guān)于xml解析
XML在java應(yīng)用程序里變得越來越重要, 廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)據(jù)存儲和交換. 比如我們常見的配置文件,都是以XML方式存儲的. XML還應(yīng)用于Java Message Service和Web Services等技術(shù)作為數(shù)據(jù)交換.因此,正確讀寫XML文檔是XML應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ).
Java提供了SAX和DOM兩種方式用于解析XML,但即便如此,要讀寫一個(gè)稍微復(fù)雜的XML,也不是一件容易的事.
二、XMLBean簡介
Hibernate已經(jīng)成為目前流行的面向Java環(huán)境的對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具.在Hibernate等對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具出現(xiàn)之前,對數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作是通過JDBC來實(shí)現(xiàn)的,對數(shù)據(jù)庫的任何操作,開發(fā)人員都要自己寫SQL語句來實(shí)現(xiàn). 對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具出現(xiàn)后,對數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作轉(zhuǎn)成對JavaBean的操作,極大方便了數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā). 所以如果有一個(gè)類似的工具能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)將對XML的讀寫轉(zhuǎn)成對JavaBean的操作,將會簡化XML的讀寫,即使對XML不熟悉的開發(fā)人員也能方便地讀寫XML. 這個(gè)工具就是XMLBean.
三、準(zhǔn)備XMLBean和XML文檔
XMLBean是Apache的一個(gè)開源項(xiàng)目,可以從http://www.apache.org下載,最新的版本是2.0. 解壓后目錄如下:
xmlbean2.0.0 +---bin +---docs +---lib +---samples +---schemas
另外還要準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)XML文檔(customers.xml),
在本文的例子里,我們將對這個(gè)文檔進(jìn)行讀寫操作. 文檔源碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Customers> <customer> <id>1</id> <gender>female</gender> <firstname>Jessica</firstname> <lastname>Lim</lastname> <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber> <address> <PRimaryAddress> <postalCode>350106</postalCode> <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1> <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2> </primaryAddress> <billingAddress> <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver> <postalCode>350107</postalCode> <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1> <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2> </billingAddress> </address> </customer> <customer> <id>2</id> <gender>male</gender> <firstname>David</firstname> <lastname>Bill</lastname> <phoneNumber>808182</phoneNumber> <address> <primaryAddress> <postalCode>319087</postalCode> <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1> <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2> </primaryAddress> <billingAddress> <receiver>Mr William</receiver> <postalCode>672993</postalCode> <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1> <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2> </billingAddress> </address> </customer> </Customers>
這是一個(gè)客戶的數(shù)據(jù)模型,每個(gè)客戶都有客戶編號(ID),姓名,性別(gender),電話號碼(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有兩個(gè): 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)和帳單地址(BillingAddress),每個(gè)地址有郵編,地址1,和地址2組成.其中帳單地址還有收件人(receiver).此外,還要準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)配置文件(文件名customer.xsdconfig),這個(gè)文件的作用我后面會講,它的內(nèi)容如下:
<xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config"> <xb:namespace> <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package> </xb:namespace> </xb:config>
四、XMLBean使用步驟
和其他面向Java環(huán)境的對象/關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫映射工具的使用步驟一樣,在正式使用XMLBean前,我們要作兩個(gè)準(zhǔn)備.
1. 生成XML Schema文件
什么是XML Schema文件? 正常情況下,每個(gè)XML文件都有一個(gè)Schema文件,XML Schema文件是一個(gè)XML的約束文件,它定義了XML文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和元素.以及對元素和結(jié)構(gòu)的約束. 通俗地講,如果說XML文件是數(shù)據(jù)庫里的記錄,那么Schema就是表結(jié)構(gòu)定義.
為什么需要這個(gè)文件? XMLBean需要通過這個(gè)文件知道一個(gè)XML文件的結(jié)構(gòu)以及約束,比如數(shù)據(jù)類型等. 利用這個(gè)Schema文件,XMLBean將會產(chǎn)生一系列相關(guān)的Java Classes來實(shí)現(xiàn)對XML的操作. 而作為開發(fā)人員,則是利用XMLBean產(chǎn)生的Java Classes來完成對XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.怎樣產(chǎn)生這個(gè)Schema文件呢? 如果對于熟悉XML的開發(fā)人員,可以自己來寫這個(gè)Schema文件,對于不熟悉XML的開發(fā)人員,可以通過一些工具來完成.比較有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通過XML文件來生成Schema文件. 加入我們已經(jīng)生成這個(gè)Schema文件(customer.xsd):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xs:element name="Customers"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer" type="customerType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:complexType name="customerType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/> <xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="address" type="addressType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="addressType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType"/> <xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="billingAddressType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:schema>
2. 利用scomp來生成Java Classes
scomp是XMLBean提供的一個(gè)編譯工具,它在bin的目錄下. 通過這個(gè)工具,我們可以將以上的Schema文件生成Java Classes.scomp的語法如下:-
scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*
主要參數(shù)說明:
-src [dir] -- 生成的Java Classes存放目錄 -srconly -- 不編譯Java Classes,不產(chǎn)生Jar文件 -out [jarFileName] -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar -compiler -- Java編譯器的路徑,即Javac的位置 schemaFile.xsd -- XML Schema文件位置
config.xsdconfig -- xsdconfig文件的位置, 這個(gè)文件主要用來制定生成的Java Class的一些文件名規(guī)則和Package的名稱,在本文,package是sample.xmlbean
在本文,我是這樣運(yùn)行的:
scomp -src build\src -out build\customerXmlBean.jar schema\customer.xsd -compiler C:\jdk142_04\bin\javac customer.xsdconfig
這個(gè)命令行的意思是告訴scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,放在build目錄下,同時(shí)生成源代碼放在build\src下, Schema文件是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文件是customer.xsdconfig.其實(shí), 生成的Java源代碼沒有多大作用,我們要的是jar文件.我們先看一下build\src\sample\xmlbean下生成的Classes.
CustomersDocument.java -- 整個(gè)XML文檔的Java Class映射 CustomerType.java -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)sustomer的映射 AddressType.java -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)address的映射 BillingAddressType.java -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)billingAddress的映射 PrimaryAddressType.java -- 節(jié)點(diǎn)primaryAddress的映射
好了,到此我們所有的準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)完成了. 下面就開始進(jìn)入重點(diǎn):利用剛才生成的jar文件讀寫XML.
五、利用XMLBean讀XML文件
新建一個(gè)Java Project,將XMLBean2.0.0\lib\下的Jar文件和剛才我們生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入到Project的ClassPath.
新建一個(gè)Java Class: CustomerXMLBean. 源碼如下:
package com.sample.reader;
import java.io.File;
import sample.xmlbean.*;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
public class CustomerXMLBean {
private String filename = null;
public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
super();
this.filename = filename;
}
public void customerReader() {
try {
File xmlFile = new File(filename);
CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
CustomerType customer = customers[i];
println("Customer#" + i);
println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
// Primary address
PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress();
println("PrimaryAddress:");
println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
// Billing address
BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress();
println("BillingAddress:");
println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void println(String str) {
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
customerXMLBean.customerReader();
}
}運(yùn)行它,參看輸出結(jié)果:
Customer#0 Customer ID:1 First name:Jessica Last name:Lim Gender:female PhoneNumber:1234567 PrimaryAddress: PostalCode:350106 AddressLine1:#25-1 AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME BillingAddress: Receiver:Ms Danielle PostalCode:350107 AddressLine1:#167 AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY Customer#1 Customer ID:2 First name:David Last name:Bill Gender:male PhoneNumber:808182 PrimaryAddress: PostalCode:319087 AddressLine1:1033 WS St. AddressLine2:Tima Road BillingAddress: Receiver:Mr William PostalCode:672993 AddressLine1:1033 WS St. AddressLine2:Tima Road
怎么樣,是不是很輕松? XMLBean的威力.
六、利用XMLBean寫XML文件
利用XMLBean創(chuàng)建一個(gè)XML文檔也是一件輕而易舉的事.我們再增加一個(gè)Method,
請看一下的Java Class:
public void createCustomer() {
try {
// Create Document
CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
// Add new customer
CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
// set customer info
customer.setId(3);
customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
customer.setLastname("Lim");
customer.setGender("female");
customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
// Add new address
AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
// Add new PrimaryAddress
PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");
// Add new BillingAddress
BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");
File xmlFile = new File(filename);
doc.save(xmlFile);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}修改main method.
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
}運(yùn)行,打開customers_new.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Customers> <customer> <id>3</id> <gender>female</gender> <firstname>Jessica</firstname> <lastname>Lim</lastname> <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber> <address> <primaryAddress> <postalCode>350106</postalCode> <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1> <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2> </primaryAddress> <billingAddress> <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver> <postalCode>350107</postalCode> <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1> <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2> </billingAddress> </address> </customer> </Customers>
七、利用XMLBean修改XML文件
我們再增加一個(gè)Method:
public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) {
try {
File xmlFile = new File(filename);
CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
CustomerType customer = customers[i];
if(customer.getId()==id){
customer.setLastname(lastname);
break;
}
}
doc.save(xmlFile);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
main method:
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
}運(yùn)行之后,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的lastname已經(jīng)改為last.
八、利用XMLBean刪除一個(gè)customer
再增加一個(gè)Method:
public void deleteCustomer(int id) {
try {
File xmlFile = new File(filename);
CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
CustomerType customer = customers[i];
if(customer.getId()==id){
customer.setNil() ;
break;
}
}
doc.save(xmlFile);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
main method:
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);
}運(yùn)行,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的資料已經(jīng)被刪除.
九、查詢XML
除了本文在以上講述的,利用XMLBean能輕輕松松完成XML的讀寫操作外,結(jié)合XPath和XQuery,XMLBean還能完成象SQL查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫一樣方便地查詢XML數(shù)據(jù). 關(guān)于XML查詢以及如何創(chuàng)建XML數(shù)據(jù)庫, 我將在另一篇文章里討論.
到此，關(guān)于“XMLBean怎么讀寫XML”的學(xué)習(xí)就結(jié)束了，希望能夠解決大家的疑惑。理論與實(shí)踐的搭配能更好的幫助大家學(xué)習(xí)，快去試試吧！若想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)更多相關(guān)知識，請繼續(xù)關(guān)注億速云網(wǎng)站，小編會繼續(xù)努力為大家?guī)砀鄬?shí)用的文章！
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