00-InfluxDB入門介紹

• 01-InfluxDB入門介紹

• 02-influxdb的權(quán)限管理

• 03-Influxdb的備份與恢復(fù)

介紹

   influxdb是使用GO編寫的基于時間序列的數(shù)據(jù)庫，用于存儲大量帶有時間戳的數(shù)據(jù)，報(bào)錯DevOps監(jiān)控，日志數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)用程序的指標(biāo)、數(shù)據(jù)分析數(shù)據(jù)等等。通過influxdb自動保存數(shù)據(jù)，你不需要刪除和清理，只需要定義一段時間DB會幫你自動清理。

特點(diǎn)

1. 每秒鐘可以處理幾百萬個數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。
2. 長時間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生大量數(shù)據(jù)它也會為你進(jìn)行壓縮處理使空間最小化。可以保存近期高精度數(shù)據(jù)和長期采樣數(shù)據(jù)，也就是之前說的持續(xù)查詢和保留策略，保證了自動化采樣和舊數(shù)據(jù)自動過期。
3. 支持多樣的數(shù)據(jù)提取插件，例如：graphite，collected，openTSD。

其它信息
influxdb默認(rèn)端口8086，默認(rèn)是http協(xié)議接口，使用起來簡單方便

安裝

下載安裝包：wget 'http://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/nightlies/influxdb-nightly_darwin_amd64.tar.gz'
解壓安裝包：tar zxf influxdb-nightly_darwin_amd64.tar.gz
啟動influxdb：cd influxdb-1.7.0~n201811230800-0/ && ./usr/bin/influxd
登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫：./usr/bin/influx
查看幫助：

> help
Usage:
        connect <host:port>   connects to another node specified by host:port
        auth                  prompts for username and password
        pretty                toggles pretty print for the json format
        chunked               turns on chunked responses from server
        chunk size <size>     sets the size of the chunked responses.  Set to 0 to reset to the default chunked size
        use <db_name>         sets current database
        format <format>       specifies the format of the server responses: json, csv, or column
        precision <format>    specifies the format of the timestamp: rfc3339, h, m, s, ms, u or ns
        consistency <level>   sets write consistency level: any, one, quorum, or all
        history               displays command history
        settings              outputs the current settings for the shell
        clear                 clears settings such as database or retention policy.  run 'clear' for help
        exit/quit/ctrl+d      quits the influx shell

        show databases        show database names
        show series           show series information
        show measurements     show measurement information
        show tag keys         show tag key information
        show field keys       show field key information

        A full list of influxql commands can be found at:
        https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/latest/query_language/spec/

登錄Influxdb

    influx -precision rfc3339
            -precision rfc3339  #精準(zhǔn)的指定參數(shù)，rfc3339時間格式

數(shù)據(jù)庫操作

現(xiàn)在influxdb已經(jīng)搭建完成，可以進(jìn)行入門操作，建庫、建表寫數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)寫入一個時間序列數(shù)據(jù)時候他可能包含0到多個點(diǎn)，每個數(shù)據(jù)都對應(yīng)一個監(jiān)控樣本（例如cpu_load、溫度）至少包括一個鍵值對（cplu_load=5）;
在這里可以認(rèn)為：

• measurement就是一個表它提供時間索引。
• fields就是表中的列

• tags是表中索引

  在這里和mysql不同是，你可以有幾百萬個measurements，而且n不需要提前定義表結(jié)構(gòu)、也不會存儲空值；

1.創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫
CREATE DATABASE {NAME};

> create database order_record;
> show databases;
name: databases
name
----
_internal
order_record

這時候我們發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫有一個表“_internal”，其實(shí)這個表是influxdb數(shù)據(jù)庫的一些指標(biāo)存儲庫。有點(diǎn)類似mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的mysql庫。

2.寫數(shù)據(jù)
注意在寫數(shù)據(jù)的時候如果不添加時間戳，系統(tǒng)會默認(rèn)添加一個時間
<measurement>[,<tag-key>=<tag-value>...] <field-key>=<field-value>[,<field2-key>=<field2-value>...] [unix-nano-timestamp]

> use order_record;
Using database order_record
> INSERT cpu,host=serverA,region=us_west value=0.64
> SELECT "host", "region", "value" FROM "cpu"
name: cpu
time                        host    region  value
----                        ----    ------  -----
2018-11-23T16:01:29.995044Z serverA us_west 0.64

3.數(shù)據(jù)讀
同mysql一樣如果你想空值內(nèi)容輸出行數(shù)，可以用 [limit 1~n;],同樣influxdb的sql也支持go語言格式的正則。

> select * from cpu;
name: cpu
time                        host    region  value
----                        ----    ------  -----
2018-11-23T16:01:29.995044Z serverA us_west 0.64
> INSERT stock,symbol=AAPL bid=127.46,ask=127.48
> INSERT temperature,machine=unit42,type=assembly external=25,internal=37 1434067467000000000
> SELECT "host", "region", "value" FROM "cpu"
name: cpu
time                        host    region  value
----                        ----    ------  -----
2018-11-23T16:01:29.995044Z serverA us_west 0.64

每個表輸出一行
SELECT * FROM /.*/ LIMIT 1

4.查看當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫的分片

> SHOW SHARDS
name: _internal
id database  retention_policy shard_group start_time           end_time             expiry_time          owners
-- --------  ---------------- ----------- ----------           --------             -----------          ------
1  _internal monitor          1           2018-11-24T00:00:00Z 2018-11-25T00:00:00Z 2018-12-02T00:00:00Z

name: zabbix
id database retention_policy shard_group start_time           end_time             expiry_time          owners
-- -------- ---------------- ----------- ----------           --------             -----------          ------
5  zabbix   autogen          5           1969-12-29T00:00:00Z 1970-01-05T00:00:00Z 1970-01-05T00:00:00Z
4  zabbix   autogen          4           1970-01-12T00:00:00Z 1970-01-19T00:00:00Z 1970-01-19T00:00:00Z
3  zabbix   autogen          3           2018-11-19T00:00:00Z 2018-11-26T00:00:00Z 2018-11-26T00:00:00Z

http api調(diào)用influxdb

0.接口介紹

狀態(tài)碼介紹：

• 2xx：服務(wù)請求正常
• 4xx：代表請求語法有問題
• 5xx：服務(wù)端出問題，導(dǎo)致超時等故障

1.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫

        curl -i -XPOST http://localhost:8086/query --data-urlencode "q=CREATE DATABASE mydb"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Request-Id: 5edd88a8-ef90-11e8-83cd-a0999b0f94e3
X-Influxdb-Build: OSS
X-Influxdb-Version: 1.7.0~n201811230800
X-Request-Id: 5edd88a8-ef90-11e8-83cd-a0999b0f94e3
Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2018 02:26:38 GMT
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
{"results":[{"statement_id":0}]}

2.寫入數(shù)據(jù)

    curl -i  -XPOST 'http://localhost:8086/write?db=mydb' --data-binary 'cpu_load_short,host=server01,region=us-west value=0.65 1434055564000000000'

HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Content-Type: application/json
Request-Id: 1ae386c4-ef91-11e8-83d8-a0999b0f94e3
X-Influxdb-Build: OSS
X-Influxdb-Version: 1.7.0~n201811230800
X-Request-Id: 1ae386c4-ef91-11e8-83d8-a0999b0f94e3
Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2018 02:31:53 GMT

3.寫入多個數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)

 curl -i -XPOST 'http://localhost:8086/write?db=mydb' --data-binary 'cpu_load_short,host=server02 value=0.67

cpu_load_short,host=server02,region=us-west value=0.55 1422568543702900257
cpu_load_short,direction=in,host=server01,region=us-west value=2.0 1422568543702900257'
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Content-Type: application/json
Request-Id: 574f52a0-ef91-11e8-83d9-a0999b0f94e3
X-Influxdb-Build: OSS
X-Influxdb-Version: 1.7.0~n201811230800
X-Request-Id: 574f52a0-ef91-11e8-83d9-a0999b0f94e3
Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2018 02:33:34 GMT

4.從文件導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)庫
從文件導(dǎo)入時候建議不要超過5000條，如果超過請對文件進(jìn)行切割，因?yàn)閔ttp api的接口5s會超時，請求數(shù)據(jù)過多會導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)無法確認(rèn)是否成功。
文件cpu_data.txt內(nèi)容如下：

cpu_load_short,host=server02 value=111
cpu_load_short,host=server02,region=us-west value=0.222 1543027130702900257
cpu_load_short,direction=in,host=server01,region=us-west value=111.222 1543027129702900257

curl -i -XPOST 'http://localhost:8086/write?db=mydb' --data-binary @cpu_data.txt

HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Content-Type: application/json
Request-Id: 4b2ed710-ef92-11e8-83e3-a0999b0f94e3
X-Influxdb-Build: OSS
X-Influxdb-Version: 1.7.0~n201811230800
X-Request-Id: 4b2ed710-ef92-11e8-83e3-a0999b0f94e3
Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2018 02:40:24 GMT