LAMP搭建13：Apache訪問控制

Apache的訪問控制有兩種：一是對目錄進(jìn)行限制，一是對文件進(jìn)行限制。依次介紹這兩種訪問控制方式。我們的虛擬機(jī)有兩個(gè)IP：一個(gè)127.0.0.1，另一個(gè)192.168.147.132。如果我們不想讓其中一個(gè)IP比如127.0.0.1訪問我們的網(wǎng)站。（其實(shí)主要是限制別人，不是限制自己，這里只是舉例子）

編輯虛擬主機(jī)配置文件

[root@centos6 ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

添加限制127.0.0.1訪問網(wǎng)站根目錄的訪問控制方法：

……

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

<Directory "/data/www">

       AllowOverride None

       Options None

       Order allow,deny

       Allow from all

       Deny from 127.0.0.1

   </Directory>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

……

按Order順序匹配，與下面Allow行和Deny行的先后無關(guān)。這里Order順序?yàn)橄瓤碼llow，再看deny，

所以先允許所有的IP訪問，再禁止127.0.0.1的訪問，最終結(jié)果是127.0.0.1被禁止。

檢查無誤后重新加載配置文件，可以看到我們做到了拒絕127.0.0.1的訪問，192.168.147.132仍可訪問

[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl graceful

[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.test.com

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:18:57 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:07 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36

location: forum.php

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:07 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com/forum.php

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:26 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_saltkey=NwiTwCJX; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/; httponly

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastvisit=1484407166; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=BreFeR; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastact=1484410766%09forum.php%09; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_onlineusernum=1; expires=Sat, 14-Jan-2017 16:24:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=BreFeR; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:26 GMT

Content-Type: text/html; charset=gbk

我們網(wǎng)站后臺肯定不能對任意IP開放訪問，比如只能允許在本機(jī)登錄后臺，則需要對后臺管理admin.php做白名單：正常情況下，所有人都能看到這個(gè)頁面，這樣不合適

在虛擬主機(jī)配置文件中加入如下內(nèi)容：只允許127.0.0.1訪問admin.php

……

<Directory "/data/www">

AllowOverride None

Options None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

Deny from 127.0.0.1

</Directory>

<filesmatch "(.*)admin(.*)">

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.1

</filesmatch>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

……

檢查無誤后重新加載配置文件，可見現(xiàn)在只允許127.0.0.1登入后臺管理，不能通過192.168.147.132訪問后臺管理了，這樣就安全了。

[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[root@centos6 ~]# apachectl graceful

[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com/admin.php

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:15 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[root@centos6 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.test.com/admin.php

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:25 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_saltkey=zvA82A89; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/; httponly

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastvisit=1484408185; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=qe5kCO; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastact=1484411785%09admin.php%09; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:25 GMT

Content-Type: text/html; charset=gbk