Scrapy是一個功能強(qiáng)大的Python爬蟲框架,可以通過多種方式來優(yōu)化以提高性能和效率。以下是一些常見的優(yōu)化策略:
settings.py
文件中的CONCURRENCY_LEVEL
和DOWNLOAD_DELAY
來控制并發(fā)請求數(shù)和下載延遲,避免對目標(biāo)服務(wù)器造成過大壓力。CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 8
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1.0
DOWNLOAD_THROTTLE_RATE
來限制下載速度,避免被封禁IP。DOWNLOAD_THROTTLE_RATE = '5/m'
class CustomMiddleware:
def process_request(self, request, spider):
request.headers['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
COMPRESS_ENABLED
和COMPRESS_MIME_TYPES
來壓縮響應(yīng)內(nèi)容,減少傳輸數(shù)據(jù)量。COMPRESS_ENABLED = True
COMPRESS_MIME_TYPES = ['text/html', 'text/xml', 'text/plain']
yield response.xpath('//div[@class="item"]//h2/text()').getall()
for item in response.css('div.item'):
title = item.css('h2::text').get()
class MyPipeline:
def process_item(self, item, spider):
item['title'] = item['title'].strip().upper()
return item
process_item
方法中緩存重復(fù)計算的結(jié)果。class MyPipeline:
def __init__(self):
self.titles = set()
def process_item(self, item, spider):
if item['title'] not in self.titles:
item['title'] = item['title'].strip().upper()
self.titles.add(item['title'])
return item
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
spider = super().from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
spider.logger.info = lambda *args, **kwargs: crawler.stats.inc_value('my_custom_event')
return spider
def parse(self, response):
if response.status != 200:
self.logger.error(f"Failed to access {response.url}")
return
# 繼續(xù)解析邏輯
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware': 550,
}
RETRY_ENABLED = True
RETRY_TIMES = 3
LOG_FILE = 'my_spider.log'
LOG_LEVEL = 'INFO'
通過以上這些優(yōu)化策略,可以顯著提高Scrapy爬蟲的性能和效率。根據(jù)具體需求和目標(biāo),可以選擇合適的優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行實(shí)施。