設(shè)計(jì)Python面向?qū)ο缶幊蹋∣OP)時(shí),需要遵循一些基本原則和最佳實(shí)踐。以下是一些關(guān)鍵步驟和建議:
__
)前綴來(lái)定義私有屬性,這些屬性只能在類內(nèi)部訪問(wèn)。class MyClass:
def __init__(self, name):
self.__name = name
_
)前綴來(lái)定義公有屬性,這些屬性可以在類外部訪問(wèn),但通常建議盡量避免直接訪問(wèn)。class MyClass:
def __init__(self, name):
self._name = name
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, name):
self._name = name
def get_name(self):
return self._name
class Animal:
def speak(self):
pass
class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Woof!"
class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Meow!"
class Animal:
def speak(self):
pass
class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Woof!"
class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Meow!"
abc
模塊定義抽象基類,子類必須實(shí)現(xiàn)基類中的所有方法。from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def area(self):
pass
class Circle(Shape):
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def area(self):
return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2
class Rectangle(Shape):
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
def area(self):
return self.width * self.height
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def area(self):
pass
class Circle(Shape):
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def area(self):
return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2
class Rectangle(Shape):
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
def area(self):
return self.width * self.height
# 使用示例
circle = Circle(5)
print(circle.area()) # 輸出: 78.5
rectangle = Rectangle(4, 6)
print(rectangle.area()) # 輸出: 24
通過(guò)遵循這些原則和最佳實(shí)踐,你可以設(shè)計(jì)出結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、易于維護(hù)和擴(kuò)展的Python面向?qū)ο蟪绦颉?/p>