C++運(yùn)算符重載怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)算術(shù)運(yùn)算

c++
小樊
82
2024-11-09 02:39:34

在C++中,運(yùn)算符重載允許你為自定義類型(如類或結(jié)構(gòu)體)定義運(yùn)算符的行為。要實(shí)現(xiàn)算術(shù)運(yùn)算符重載,你需要重載以下運(yùn)算符:

  1. 加法運(yùn)算符(+)
  2. 減法運(yùn)算符(-)
  3. 乘法運(yùn)算符(*)
  4. 除法運(yùn)算符(/)
  5. 取模運(yùn)算符(%)
  6. 負(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算符(-)
  7. 正數(shù)運(yùn)算符(+)

以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的示例,展示了如何為一個(gè)名為MyNumber的類實(shí)現(xiàn)這些運(yùn)算符重載:

#include <iostream>

class MyNumber {
public:
    MyNumber(int value) : value_(value) {}

    // 加法運(yùn)算符重載
    MyNumber operator+(const MyNumber& other) const {
        return MyNumber(value_ + other.value_);
    }

    // 減法運(yùn)算符重載
    MyNumber operator-(const MyNumber& other) const {
        return MyNumber(value_ - other.value_);
    }

    // 乘法運(yùn)算符重載
    MyNumber operator*(const MyNumber& other) const {
        return MyNumber(value_ * other.value_);
    }

    // 除法運(yùn)算符重載
    MyNumber operator/(const MyNumber& other) const {
        return MyNumber(value_ / other.value_);
    }

    // 取模運(yùn)算符重載
    MyNumber operator%(const MyNumber& other) const {
        return MyNumber(value_ % other.value_);
    }

    // 負(fù)數(shù)運(yùn)算符重載
    MyNumber operator-() const {
        return MyNumber(-value_);
    }

    // 正數(shù)運(yùn)算符重載
    MyNumber operator+() const {
        return MyNumber(value_);
    }

    // 輸出運(yùn)算符重載
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const MyNumber& number) {
        os << number.value_;
        return os;
    }

private:
    int value_;
};

int main() {
    MyNumber a(5);
    MyNumber b(3);

    MyNumber c = a + b;
    MyNumber d = a - b;
    MyNumber e = a * b;
    MyNumber f = a / b;
    MyNumber g = a % b;

    std::cout << "a + b = "<< c << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a - b = "<< d << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a * b = "<< e << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a / b = "<< f << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a % b = "<< g << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

在這個(gè)示例中,我們定義了一個(gè)名為MyNumber的類,它包含一個(gè)私有成員變量value_。我們?yōu)檫@個(gè)類重載了加法、減法、乘法、除法、取模、負(fù)數(shù)和正數(shù)運(yùn)算符。此外,我們還重載了輸出運(yùn)算符(<<),以便在控制臺(tái)上打印MyNumber對(duì)象。

main函數(shù)中,我們創(chuàng)建了兩個(gè)MyNumber對(duì)象ab,并使用重載的運(yùn)算符對(duì)它們進(jìn)行操作。最后,我們將結(jié)果輸出到控制臺(tái)。

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