在Ruby中,單例模式可以通過使用模塊或類來實現。這里有兩種方法來初始化單例模式:
方法1:使用模塊
module Singleton
def self.included(base)
base.class_eval do
@instance = nil
def self.instance
@instance ||= new
end
def self.new(*args, &block)
raise "Singleton class can't be instantiated"
end
end
end
end
class MyClass
include Singleton
def initialize(name)
@name = name
end
end
my_instance1 = MyClass.instance
my_instance2 = MyClass.instance
puts my_instance1.object_id == my_instance2.object_id # 輸出 true,表示兩個實例是同一個對象
方法2:使用類變量
class SingletonClass
@@instance = nil
def self.instance
@@instance ||= new
end
def self.new(*args, &block)
raise "Singleton class can't be instantiated"
end
end
class MyClass < SingletonClass
def initialize(name)
@name = name
end
end
my_instance1 = MyClass.instance
my_instance2 = MyClass.instance
puts my_instance1.object_id == my_instance2.object_id # 輸出 true,表示兩個實例是同一個對象
這兩種方法都可以實現單例模式,確保一個類只有一個實例,并提供一個全局訪問點。